两种冷冻方法对人类卵巢组织卵泡形态和组织增殖活性的影响

目的:探讨玻璃化冷冻和慢速冷冻何者更适于冻存人卵巢组织。方法:将10例因卵巢良性囊肿剔除术获取的人卵巢皮质组织切成薄片后随机分配到新鲜卵巢组(A组)、玻璃化冷冻组(B组)和慢速冷冻组(C组),通过光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察比较卵泡形态变化,免疫组织化学检测组织细胞增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达变化。结果:A、B、C组中形态正常的原始卵泡比例分别占71.4%、70.1%、52.3%;形态正常的初级卵泡比例分别占76.0%、43.5%、31.8%;C组中形态正常的原始卵泡比例和初级卵泡比例均明显低于A、B组(P<0.05);B组形态正常的原始卵泡比例和初级卵泡比例与A组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组中形态正常的原始卵泡超微结构无明显改变,但B组中初级卵泡和C组中原始卵泡和初级卵泡的超微结构存在一定程度的改变。PCNA阳性表达主要见于卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和卵巢组织间质细胞,3组中均有PCNA表达,且表达无统计学差异。结论:玻璃化冷冻较慢速冷冻对人卵巢组织影响小,是一种较适宜的人卵巢组织冷冻保存方法。     

小檗碱治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并胰岛素抵抗疗效研究

目的探讨小檗碱(BBR)作为胰岛素增敏剂对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的治疗效果。方法 2009年10月至2010年10月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院将因不孕症就诊的PCOS合并胰岛素抵抗(IR)的患者随机分为4组,A组:复方环丙孕酮(CPA)+BBR;B组:CPA+二甲双胍(MET);C组:CPA+BBR+MET;D组:单用CPA。治疗前及治疗3个月后检测临床表现、性激素、糖脂代谢指标并加以比较。结果 A、B、C、D4组治疗后患者体重、BMI、WHR均降低,体重与BMI的改善4组间无统计学意义;WHR的改善A、C组更为显著(P<0.01)。A、B、C3组治疗后FIN、FPG以及HomaIR、AUCINS均明显下降,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);FIN、HomaIR、AUCINS降低程度表现为:C组优于A及B组(P<0.01);D组仅表现为AUCINS在治疗后有所下降。A、B、C3组治疗后TG、TC、LDL-C均有下降,HDL-C有所升高(P<0.05),A、C组优于B组(P<0.01),但C组与A组比较TG降低及HDL-C升高更显著(P<0.01),D组患者血脂变化在治疗前后无显著差异。与治疗...     

荷人卵巢上皮癌裸鼠冻融卵巢组织移植的效果评价

目的:获取人卵巢上皮癌裸鼠原位移植瘤癌旁正常卵巢组织,经安全筛查并冻融后移植至去势裸鼠体内,探讨移植后效果,为临床应用提供依据。方法:将人卵巢上皮癌OVCAR3细胞种植于裸鼠皮下以获取瘤源,并进行卵巢原位移植,建立卵巢癌原位移植瘤模型,解剖裸鼠获取癌旁正常卵巢组织。癌旁组:取筛选后的癌旁卵巢组织进行玻璃化冷冻,复苏后分别进行皮下及原位移植,各20例;对照组:同龄正常裸鼠卵巢组织,皮下移植及原位移植各20例;去势裸鼠组:20只同龄去势裸鼠;正常卵巢组:20只同龄正常裸鼠。移植12周后,分析各组裸鼠卵巢组织内卵泡形态及激素分泌功能。结果:40只人卵巢上皮癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型中共获取35份活检正常的癌旁卵巢组织,获取率87.5%(35/40)。玻璃化冷冻前后卵巢组织中卵泡形态及各级卵泡比例均无显著差异(P>0.05),癌旁冷冻组织和癌旁新鲜组织的异常卵泡比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),冷冻组织以初级卵泡及次级卵泡等窦前卵泡为主。癌旁组皮下移植组织存活率80%(16/20),对照组皮下移植组织存活率90%(18/20),癌旁组原位移植组织存活率90%(18/20),对照组原位移植组织存活率95%(19/20)。移植后组织内卵泡以次级卵泡及窦状卵泡为主,各级卵泡的形态及构成比和未移植的同龄正常裸鼠卵巢相似(P>0.05);癌旁组卵泡数明显低于对照组(P<0.05)及正常卵巢组(P<0.01);皮下移植和原位移植组织内的各级卵泡数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。癌旁组卵泡刺激素水平明显低于去势裸鼠组,而雌二醇水平明显高于去势裸鼠组(P<0.01);癌旁组卵泡刺激素水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)及正常卵巢组(P<0.01),而雌二醇水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)及正常卵巢组(P<0.01);皮下移植和原位移植的卵泡刺激素水平和雌二醇水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:癌旁卵巢组织冻融移植后有正常卵泡发育及激素分泌功能;皮下移植和原位移植均可取得较好的效果;癌旁卵巢组织冻融移植有望作为卵巢上皮癌患者治疗后恢复卵巢内分泌功能的有效手段。     

4种冷冻-解冻方法对家兔卵巢组织形态学的影响

目的:探讨适宜的卵巢组织冻存方案。方法:采用PROH(A2组)及DMSO(B2组)慢速程序化冷冻和DMSO+PROH(C2组)及DMSO+EG(D2组)玻璃化冷冻方法,冻存家兔卵巢组织,解冻复苏后,以相应的4组新鲜组织为对照(A1-D1组),做HE染色,行组织形态学分析。结果:A1-D1组始基卵泡的形态正常率分别为90.1%、91.5%、91.8%、92.2%,其相对应的A2-D2组分别下降为67.6%、69.7%、70.5%、80.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。冷冻组中A2组始基卵泡形态正常率最高,与B2、C2、D2组比,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。C2、D2组间比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。各冷冻组合并后形态正常率始基卵泡为72.7%,初级卵泡为55.7%,两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。4个冷冻组中均可见卵巢组织结构受损的表现。结论:4种冷冻解冻方法对卵巢皮质中各级卵泡及卵巢组织结构均造成一定程度的损害,使各级卵泡的形态正常率明显下降,卵巢间质细胞连接变得疏松;PROH慢速程序化冷冻法明显优于DMSO法及玻璃化法,较适合卵巢组织中始基卵泡的保存;冻存卵巢组织对初级卵泡的影响大于始基卵泡。     

干细胞因子和白血病抑制因子对冻融后人原始卵泡体外生长发育的研究

目的:探讨干细胞因子(stem cell factor,SCF,又称KIT配体)和白血病抑制因子(leukaemiainhibitory factor,LIF)对冻融后人原始卵泡体外培养生长发育的影响。方法:收集18例卵巢良性肿瘤手术患者的正常卵巢皮质,采用直接覆盖玻璃化冷冻法保存卵巢组织,冻融后分离卵泡,随机分成5组:对照组(A组)、10 ng/ml SCF组(B组)、10 ng/ml LIF组(C组)、10 ng/ml SCF+10 ng/ml LIF组(D组)和100 ng/ml SCF+10 ng/ml LIF组(E组),行体外培养,比较SCF和/或LIF对人原始卵泡生长发育的影响。结果:①随培养天数的增加,对照组卵泡直径增长缓慢,明显小于各实验组(P<0.05);D、E组中卵泡直径增长迅速,较B、C组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②随着培养天数的增加,各组卵泡均能分泌激素。4 d后对照组卵泡激素水平增长缓慢,明显低于各实验组(P<0.05),而D、E组中卵泡激素分泌增长迅速,较B、C组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),D、E组中卵泡激素增长速度相差不大,但在第4日差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在体外培养液中添加SCF或LIF以及两者联合添加有利于促进卵泡的生长发育,提高E2分泌功能,且SCF和LIF联合其作用更加明显。     

超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗多囊卵巢综合征的剂量研究

目的 评价不同激光剂量对超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)排卵障碍患者的临床及内分泌效果的影响.方法 选择2005年1月至2007年7月就诊于深圳市妇幼保健院的对枸橼酸氯米芬治疗无反应的PCOS不孕患者56例,随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,行超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗,激光治疗的剂量以卵巢内凝固点数表示,每个凝固点采用功率为3～5 W的激光持续作用1～3 min,直径约为10 mm.其中A组为1个点,B组为2个点,C组为3个点,D组为4～5个点.比较治疗后6个月内各组患者自发排卵率、妊娠率及月经周期情况,并比较治疗前后各组患者血清性激素水平的变化.结果 (1)C组和D组治疗后自发排卵率分别为71%(10/14)和79%(11/14),均高于A组(0)和B组(21%,3/14),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).C组和D组治疗后6个月累积临床妊娠率分别为43%(6/14)和36%(5/14),均高于A组(0),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.05);与B组(14%,2/14)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).C组与D组的自发排卵率及累积临床妊娠率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)治疗前的各项性激素水平,各组患者之间分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后的黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮水平及LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)比值,A组[分别为(11.9±3.1)U/L、(3.9±1.6)nmol/L和2.1±0.5]、B组[分别为(10.4±3.9)U/L、(3.3±1.1)nmol/L和2.0±0.6]分别与C组[分别为(6.3±2.6)U/L、(2.2±0.7)nmol/L和1.1±0.3]、D组[分别为(5.8±2.5)U/L、(2.1±0.4)nmol/L和1.0±0.4]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组与D组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).C、D组治疗后的平均LH、睾酮水平及LH/FSH比值分别较治疗前下降了42%、39%、42%和53%、40%、58%,均高于A组(分别下降了4%、9%和16%)和B组(分别下降了11%、6%和5%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组与D组之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 每侧卵巢内选择1～2个激光凝固点的临床效果较差,3个激光凝固点是卵巢内激光治疗PCOS排卵障碍的有效剂量,在此基础上增加凝固点数不能提高治疗效果.     

抗苗勒管激素对卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞中芳香酶表达的影响

目的 探讨抗苗勒管激素(AMH)对卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞激素分泌和芳香酶P450mRNA表达的影响.方法 采集2006年6-12月在中山大学附属第二医院进行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的10例不孕患者的卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞进行原代培养,按照加入AMH浓度的不同,将颗粒细胞分为A、B、C、D、E组及睾酮对照组、空白对照组,A～E组分别加入1、5、10、20、50μg/L的AMH及1×10-7mol/L睾酮,睾酮对照组加入1×10-7mol/L睾酮,空白对照组仅加入培养基.于培养24、48、72 h时分别检测各组细胞中的雌二醇水平;培养72 h后各组均进行细胞计数,并采用RT-PCR技术检测B、C、D、 E组及睾酮对照组细胞中芳香酶P450 mRNA的表达水平.结果 (1)培养24、48、72 h后颗粒细胞中的雌二醇水平,A组分别为(8.529±0.381)×104、(10.977±0.436)x 104、(13.309±0.506)×104pmo/L,B组分别为(7.027±0.276)×104、(9.167±0.300)×104、(10.794±0.555)×104 pmo/L,C组分别为(6.039±0.226)×104、(7.585±0.548)×104、(8.797±0.518)×104pmo/L,D组分别为(5.118±0.460)×104、(5.716±0.496)×104(6.205±0.667)x1044pmol/L,E组分别为(4.932±0.148)×104(5.323±0.184)×104(5.629±0.212)x 1044 pmol/L,各组分别与空白对照组[分别为(0.001±0.001)×104(0.006±0.003)×104(0.029±0.011)×1044pmol/L]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B、C、D、E组分别与睾酮对照组[分别为(8.418±0.569)×104(10.841±0.689)×104(13.301±0.637)×1044pmol/L]比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组分别与C、D、E组比较,C组分别与D、E组比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01);D组与E组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P40.05).A、B、C、D、E组及睾酮对照组培养24 h后颗粒细胞中的雌二醇水平,分别与培养48、72 h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);培养48 h后的雌二醇水平与培养72 h比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01).空白对照组培养24、48、72 h后的雌二醇水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)培养72 h后,B、C、 D、 E组颗粒细胞中芳香酶P450 mRNA的表达水平分别为0.6148±0.0046、0.5156±0.0012、0.4698±0.0027、0.4282±0.0017,分别与睾酮对照组(0.8224±0.0021)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组分别与C、D、E组比较,C组分别与D、E组比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01);D组与E组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论AMH可能通过在卵巢局部抑制芳香酶活性而影响颗粒细胞的雌激素合成过程,促使卵泡内局部高雄激素环境的形成.     

冻融后移植的小鼠卵巢组织对促性腺激素的反应

目的 探讨冻融后移植的小鼠卵巢组织对促性腺激素的反应.方法 将36只性成熟雌性小白鼠随机分为新鲜移植组、冻融移植组和对照组,每组12只.新鲜移植组小鼠切除双侧卵巢,将卵巢切成小组织块,立即移植人双侧肾被膜下;冻融移植组小鼠切除双侧卵巢,将卵巢切成小组织块,采用玻璃化冷冻方法冷冻保存,2周后将冷冻卵巢组织复苏,移植入小鼠双侧肾被膜下.卵巢组织移植2周后,新鲜移植组和冻融移植组每组随机取6只小鼠应用7.5 IU人绝经期促性腺激素及10 IU绒毛膜促性腺激素,观察移植后的卵巢组织对促性腺激素的反应.同时应用免疫组化染色方法观察各组卵泡中卵泡刺激素受体的表达情况.结果 新鲜移植组、冻融移植组和对照组未应用促性腺激素小鼠卵巢组织内近成熟卵泡百分率分别为2.3%、2.3%和2.6%,应用促性腺激素小鼠卵巢组织内近成熟卵泡百分率分别为4.2%、4.0%和5.8%,各组内分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);新鲜移植组和冻融移植组与对照组比较,差异均元统计学意义(P＞0.05).新鲜移植组、冻融移植组和对照组卵泡刺激素受体表达积分吸光度值在窦状卵泡中分别为9408±2777、9175±3093和8838±2064,在窦前卵泡中分别为4531±1903、4808±1386和5516±1136,各组间分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 卵巢组织冷冻保存、复苏及移植过程未影响卵巢卵泡刺激素受体的表达,冻融后移植的小鼠卵巢组织对外源性促性腺激素的反应未受冷冻、复苏及移植等过程影响.     

兔卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻的实验研究

目的:探讨玻璃化冷冻法保存兔卵巢组织的效果。方法:随机将25只新西兰雌兔分为对照组(5只)、慢速冷冻组(10只)和玻璃化冷冻组(10只),比较各组冻融前后卵巢组织学、超微结构、卵泡凋亡(原位末端标记法,TUNEL)和子宫系膜内移植后卵巢功能的恢复情况。结果:新鲜组织、慢速冷冻复苏组织和玻璃化冷冻复苏组织中正常形态卵泡比例分别为87.36%、81.96%和82.72%,两冷冻组正常卵泡比例均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义?P(0.05),但玻璃化冷冻组与慢速冷冻组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组间卵泡凋亡比率分别为21.4%、13.5%和17.1%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组移植后兔动情周期出现率均为100%,动情周期出现天数差异无统计学意义?P>0.05);移植存活的卵巢组织内可见各级形态正常的卵泡发育。结论:玻璃化冷冻可有效保存卵巢组织的结构和功能,是一种简单、可行的兔卵巢组织冷冻保存法。     

冷冻保存对人卵巢组织雌二醇分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨冷冻保存对人卵巢组织E2分泌功能的影响。方法:收集20例卵巢良性肿瘤手术患者的正常卵巢皮质,随机分为新鲜对照组和玻璃化冷冻组,冻融后行体外培养,比较冻融前、后人卵巢组织的内分泌功能。结果:①在体外培养期间,所有卵巢组织均能持续分泌E2。新鲜对照组E2分泌水平始终高于冷冻组,培养前10d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);培养12d之后,组间E2水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。②体外培养初期E2分泌水平较平稳,随培养时间延长E2水平呈波动性变化。结论:人卵巢组织冷冻解冻后仍具有内分泌功能,随着培养时间的延长,新鲜组与冷冻组间E2分泌水平可能无差异。     

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in young cancer patients for fertility preservation

Several options are currently available to preserve fertility and give female cancer survivors a chance to have children at a later date, including the cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, and ovarian tissue. Selection of the most suitable strategy to preserve fertility depends on the type and timing of anticancer therapy, the cancer, the patient's age, and the presence of the patient's partner. Several studies have shown that the ovarian tissue can be successfully frozen and later grafted in the human womb. To date, approximately 30 live births have been achieved after the transplantation of frozen‐thawed ovarian tissue. At present, the standard procedure for cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the slow‐cooling method. The slow‐cooling method uses an optimal cooling rate for the target cells, and relies on extracellular ice crystals to gradually dehydrate and equilibrate the tissue. Several groups reported that slow cooling is more efficient than vitrification for the cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue. However, vitrification can be performed under a variety of conditions, and therefore, the choice of methods is important. In addition, vitrification traps aqueous solutions in an amorphous, “vitreous” solid phase that prevents ice crystal formation in tissues. Vitrification methods that were developed using mice and monkey have recently been shown to improve the viability of vitrified ovarian tissues. In this review article, recent topics of ovarian tissue cryopreservation are described.     

Cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology: new trends

During the last few years, cryopreservation has become a relevant addition to therapeutic concepts in reproductive medicine. New data and publications have made it difficult to maintain an overview of all of the new developments and their results. The focus of interest more recently, especially with the cryopreservation of human oocytes and human ovarian tissue, has been vitrification as an interesting alternative to slow freezing methods. Even though studies investigating the slow freezing of human mature oocytes have resulted in very different survival rates, it could be an option for donor oocyte programs, in the case of threatened ovarian loss or when there is an objection to embryo freezing. An optimal freezing protocol and later use of thawed human ovarian tissue is still a point of discussion. There are encouraging results regarding different kinds of autotransplantation, and recently the first birth after orthotopic autotransplantation of cryopreserved/thawed human ovarian tissue was described in the literature. Independent of any objections to cryopreservation in general, vitrification is a potential and effective alternative to conventional slow cryopreservation, especially for oocytes and embryos. Vitrification might be also be an option for human ovarian tissue; however this is only in its infancy and requires much additional investigation. Our article discusses new trends and results of actual studies regarding these issues.     

两种冷冻保护剂玻璃化冷冻小鼠卵巢的比较研究

目的:探讨两种玻璃化冷冻保护剂对小鼠卵巢组织学和功能的影响。方法:将23只4周龄ICR雌鼠随机分为新鲜卵巢移植组(6只)、去势组(5只)、EG40组(6只)和ED20组(6只)。EG40组和ED20组分别应用乙二醇(EG)和联合应用EG与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)玻璃化冷冻小鼠卵巢组织,一周后解冻,将一部分复苏卵巢组织自体移植入小鼠肾被膜下,另一部分组织行组织学观察。移植术后5d开始观察所有小鼠的动情周期,一个月后处死小鼠,对存活的卵巢组织行组织学观察。结果:EG40组、ED20组和新鲜卵巢移植组小鼠动情周期出现率均为100%,出现动情周期的天数分别为10.2±1.2d、8.0±0.9d和6.8±1.0d,EG40组动情周期出现天数明显多于新鲜卵巢移植组(P<0.01);ED20组与新鲜卵巢移植组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。移植存活的卵巢组织内可见不同发育阶段的卵泡,形态正常,但冻融卵巢组织内卵泡数量比新鲜组织少。结论:联合应用玻璃化冷冻保护剂EG和DMSO对小鼠卵巢组织学和功能的影响较小。     

Human cleavage-stage embryo vitrification is comparable to slow-rate cryopreservation in cycles of assisted reproduction

Objectives

To compare embryo survival, pregnancy and implantation rates after cryopreservation of human cleavage-stage embryos with slow-rate cryopreservation or vitrification.

Study design

262 patients, attending for assisted reproduction, were prepared for oocyte retrieval using standard controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols. Excess embryos were cryopreserved on day 3 either by vitrification, or slow-rate cryopreservation in a programmable freezer. Cycles of thawing were monitored for thaw efficiency, pregnancy and implantation rates.

Results

Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were highly comparable between cycles in which day 3 embryos were thawed either after slow-rate cryopreservation or vitrification.

Conclusions

These data suggest that vitrification of human embryos during assisted reproduction cycles achieves comparable success rates to fresh cycles and therefore can be applied in the laboratory of assisted reproduction.     

玻璃化冷冻法冻融经植入前遗传学诊断后囊胚的应用初探

目的:探讨玻璃化冷冻技术冻融经卵裂球活检后囊胚的可行性。方法:将活检后剩余的可移植囊胚用玻璃化冷冻保存,并在冷冻前人工皱缩囊胚腔,在需要移植时予以解冻囊胚进行移植。结果:24例共进行24个活检周期,活检了159个胚胎,活检后胚胎囊胚形成率60.38%(96/159)。有17个周期共移植26枚新鲜可用囊胚,成功种植13个(50.0%),11例获得临床妊娠(64.71%),7个周期因无可移植胚胎或卵巢过度刺激等因素而取消移植。10例患者(10个周期)有30个可移植囊胚进行了玻璃化冷冻保存,其中6例患者因未成功生育要求解冻其囊胚进行移植。共解冻8枚囊胚,全部存活并移植,5例获单胎妊娠;2例已分娩正常婴儿,3例继续妊娠中。结论:玻璃化冷冻技术结合人工皱缩囊胚腔能冷冻保存经卵裂球活检后的囊胚。     

Successful dizygotic twin pregnancy after recryopreservation by vitrification of human expanded blastocysts developed from frozen cleaved embryos on day 6: a case report

BACKGROUND: Vitrification has evolved into an established technique for cryopreservation of human blastocysts. However, it is still unclear whether the blastocysts developed from frozen embryos can be cryopreserved a second time by vitrification for further embryo transfer. CASE: A 31-year-old woman underwent a long-treatment protocol for ovarian stimulation. Twenty-seven mature oocytes were obtained, and 21 were fertilized with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. On day 3, 2 cleaved embryos were transferred, but no implantation occurred. The remaining 19 embryos were cryopreserved with the slow freezing method. Three months after oocyte retrieval, 5 frozen day 3 embryos were thawed, the surviving 2 were transferred, but no implantation occurred. Six months after oocyte retrieval, the remaining 14 frozen day 3 embryos were thawed and the surviving 12 cultured. On day 5, 2 embryos reached the expanded blastocyst stage and were transferred, but no implantation occurred. On day 6, 5 of the nontransferred embryos became expanded blastocysts and were cryopreserved again by vitrification. Eight months after oocyte retrieval, 2 recryopreserved day 6 blastocysts were warmed and transferred. Implantation resulted in a dizygotic twin pregnancy. The pregnancy resulted in delivery of normal, healthy male and female infants weighing 2,155 and 2,590 g at birth, at 36 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: The blastocysts developed from frozen embryos on day 6 can be recryopreserved by vitrification and have pregnancy potential after warming.     

两种玻璃化法冻存小鼠卵巢的研究

目的:探讨2种玻璃化法对小鼠卵巢组织、器官形态和功能保存作用的影响。方法:以改良的DMEM-F12为玻璃化液,分别采用常规玻璃化法(A组)和超速玻璃化法(B组)冻存小鼠卵巢组织及器官,解冻后通过组织学观察、卵巢组织异体、卵巢器官自体肾被膜下移植,观察动情周期恢复率、恢复时间、卵泡发育状况,并分别以新鲜卵巢组织异体移植、卵巢器官自体移植(C组)为对照,评价2种玻璃化法的冻存效果。结果:①A组、B组、C组卵巢组织异体移植小鼠动情周期出现率为100%,出现动情周期分别10.5±5.4d、8.0±2.2d、6.3±1.0d。A组与C组比,差异显著(P<0.05);B组与C组无差异,A组与B组间也无差异(P均>0.05)。②A组、B组、C组卵巢器官自体移植小鼠动情周期出现率为100%,出现动情周期分别为9.4±0.9d、6.9±1.1d、6.1±1.1d,A组与B、C组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05),而B组与C组间无差异(P>0.05)。移植存活的卵巢组织、器官内均可见不同发育阶段的卵泡,形态正常。结论:2种玻璃化法可有效地冻存卵巢组织及器官,但超速玻璃化法效果较优。     

Three years of routine vitrification of human zygotes: is it still fair to advocate slow-rate freezing?

Cryopreservation of human oocytes and embryos is a necessary tool in assisted reproduction treatment that leads to an increased cumulative outcome while decreasing costs. Vitrification is a cryopreservation technique that leads to a glass-like solidification, with rapid cooling of cells or tissues. Nowadays vitrification is claimed to be the future of cryopreservation of human embryos due to improved survival rates and clinical outcomes. This study was conducted at a university clinic to assess the safety and efficiency of vitrification of human zygotes as a routine procedure. A total of 849 pronuclear-stage (PN) zygotes were vitrified between March 2004 and July 2006. During this period, 103 cycles of cryopreserved embryo transfer were completed. In total, 339 PN zygotes were thawed resulting in an 89% survival rate (302 PN zygotes). The mean number of embryos per transfer was 2.2. The pregnancy rate obtained was three times higher (36.9%) than that obtained with the slow-rate freezing method (10.2%) used previously in the same centre. In conclusion, vitrification of human zygotes at the pronuclear stage seems to be a successful and reliable method with favourable outcomes and can be recommended as a routine technique for cryopreservation of human embryos.     

体外着床模型中人孵化后早胚细胞角蛋白和肌动蛋白的表达

目的:建立理想的体外胚胎着床模型,并检测模型中人孵化后早胚细胞角蛋白、肌动蛋白和hCG。方法:孵化后早胚与人子宫内膜蜕膜化的基质细胞共培养,观察胚泡在基质细胞层上的定位、黏附、铺展和侵入过程;用免疫荧光染色技术,测定共培养系统中的细胞角蛋白和肌动蛋白;用免疫荧光分析技术,测定培养液中的hCG水平。结果:胚泡和基质细胞共培养5h起,胚泡开黏附在基质细胞层上,最终侵入蜕膜化的基质细胞间。共培养48h后,细胞角蛋白仅仅在滋养层细胞中表达;肌动蛋白在人蜕膜化的基质细胞和滋养层细胞中均有表达。囊胚与子宫内膜基质细胞共培养的培养液中的hCG水平明显高于囊胚单独培养的(P<0.01)。结论:成功建立了一个能反映人胚泡黏附、铺展及侵入到人子宫基质细胞的体外着床模型,细胞角蛋白、肌动蛋白和hCG在着床早胚细胞中起相应变化。     

Live births in poor prognosis IVF patients using a novel non-contact human endometrial co-culture system

Patients with repeated implantation failures or poor embryo quality may benefit from embryo culture using the co-culture technique; growth factors secreted by co-culture cells may act as survival factors. Autologous endometrial co-culture has been suggested as a safe alternative to animal cells for co-culture of human embryos. However, the technique is fairly labour intensive and its effectiveness can vary from patient-to-patient. This study presents clinical outcome data on a novel noncontact co-culture system using a human endometrial cell line rather than autologous tissue. Embryos from 316 poor prognosis patients with repeated IVF failures, previous cycles with poor embryo quality or advanced maternal age were cultured in Transwell chambers with a monolayer of endometrial cells. The clinical pregnancy rate in patients less than 39 years of age was 53% and for patients aged between 39 and 42 years it was 33%. To date, 76 patients have delivered 111 healthy infants with no congenital anomalies and 18 pregnancies are ongoing. This is the first report on the potential benefits of a non-contact co-culture system in the IVF laboratory. This study shows that an established human endometrial cell line can be used to obtain the benefits of co-culture without the potential disadvantages associated with using autologous endometrial tissue.