光学相干断层扫描血管成像在眼科的应用进展

光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)是近年逐渐兴起的一种眼科非入侵式影像学检查方法,它是在光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的基础上逐渐发展起来并逐步应用于临床。OCTA通过扫描血管内流动的红细胞显示出眼底血流密度与眼底组织结构形态,在眼科相关疾病(尤其是眼底病变)的诊治及疗效评估方面具有很高的价值。OCTA具有高分辨率、易操作、快速扫描、三维成像等优势,现已被应用于眼科疾病(脉络膜新生血管、糖尿病视网膜病变、角膜和虹膜相关疾病、弱视、青光眼等)的评估和诊断。本文就OCTA技术在眼科疾病中的应用进行综述。     

OCT在弱视研究中的应用

弱视是较为常见的眼病,弱视的研究方法涉及临床和基础多个不同的学科。相干光学断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)是一种重要的眼科检查手段,能直观、便捷地检查视网膜结构,近年越来越多地应用于弱视眼视网膜的检查。本文就OCT在弱视眼的应用作一综述。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在DR中的诊疗进展

光学相干断层扫描成像(OCT)是眼科影像学中发展最快的技术之一。随着OCT技术逐步改良更新,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)随之出现,OCTA在视网膜和脉络膜血流成像中能为多种眼底血管性疾病提供诊疗价值。本文综述了OCTA的原理,以及OCTA观察糖尿病患者眼底的微动脉瘤(MAs)、视网膜缺血、视网膜新生血管(RNV)及其在DR各期组织病理改变的特征、OCTA的局限性及其发展前景。     

光学相干断层扫描的应用现状及研究进展

光学相干断层扫描(OCT)作为一种光学诊断技术从20世纪90年代中期开始用于眼科临床,逐渐应用于眼底病特别是黄斑部疾病的早期诊断、临床治疗和预后评估,同时对青光眼的早期诊断也具有重要意义。超高分辨率光学相干断层扫描(UHR-OCT)的出现,使我们能够更清晰的观察到视网膜内部的解剖结构,预示OCT在未来眼科临床中将发挥更加重要的作用。本文就OCT的应用现状和研究进展予以综述。     

屈光参差性弱视患者黄斑区视网膜厚度及微血管系统的变化:基于OCTA的研究

目的 使用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检测屈光参差性弱视儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度及微血管系统的差异,探究屈光参差性弱视的发病机制.方法 纳入2020年6月至12月在南昌大学第二附属医院儿童眼科门诊就诊的4～14岁屈光参差性弱视儿童41例及正常视力儿童22例,将屈光参差性弱视患儿的弱视眼纳入为弱视眼组,非弱视眼纳入为...     

眼科检查和功能性磁共振在垂体腺瘤研究中的应用进展

垂体腺瘤是颅内最常见的良性肿瘤,其症状主要为视功能受损和内分泌激素紊乱。由于垂体与视交叉的特殊位置关系,视力下降和视野缺损多为首发症状,患者常常首诊于眼科。视野检查和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)可判断视野缺损程度和眼底情况,电生理检查可明确视神经是否受损,均可作为垂体腺瘤患者视功能的评估指标。磁共振作为影像学工具,其衍生技术——功能性磁共振,近年来用于研究垂体腺瘤瘤体质地及视神经完整性。此类全面详细的检查可以帮助患者明确最佳治疗时机,提高生活质量。本文针对眼科各项检查(视野、OCT和电生理)和功能性磁共振在垂体腺瘤中的应用进行简要综述。     

弱视的临床影像学研究进展及其评述

近年来脑成像技术、偏振激光扫描技术以及相干光断层扫描技术等影像学技术在弱视的临床研究中得到较为广泛的应用,促进了相关研究的进展.本文结合目前影像学技术在弱视临床研究中的初步应用情况,对于弱视临床影像学研究的进展进行总结,并且对于磁共振成像、脑磁图、单光子发射计算机断层显像、正电子发射型计算机断层显像、功能磁共振、弥散张量成像技术、偏振激光扫描技术、相干光断层扫描等影像学检查手段在应用于弱视临床研究时的优缺点进行比较及评述.     

频域OCT在神经科病及神经眼科中的应用进展

光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)是一项非接触性、非侵入性、高分辨率的生物组织结构显像技术.随着光学相干断层扫描在视网膜神经纤维层测量的应用进一步拓展,第四代傅里叶域(Fourier domain,FD) OCT所具有的高分辨率、高速度及量化分析等一系列特点超越了以往的时域(Time domain,TD) OCT,在眼科学、心脏病学、胃肠学、神经科学方面得到了更好地应用.文中就OCT在神经科病及神经眼科中的应用进行综述.     

IOL Master 700在白内障中应用的研究进展

近年基于扫频光学相干断层扫描(SS-OCT)技术的光学生物测量仪逐渐用于眼科临床,较既往的部分相干干涉(PCI)等技术的生物测量仪具有更高信噪比、更长扫频光波长、更好组织穿透力、扫描速度更快的优点,白内障患者的眼轴长度(AL)检出率更好等优势。本文主要就目前临床上使用更为广泛的基于SS-OCT技术的光学生物测量仪IOL Master 700在白内障中应用的研究进展进行综述。     

功能性磁共振成像在视觉科学研究中的应用进展

磁共振成像是目前较为普及的影像学检查手段之一,传统的磁共振成像及增强成像在眼科临床诊疗中已得到广泛应用.功能性磁共振成像技术包括血氧水平依赖的功能磁共振成像、磁共振波谱成像和弥散张量成像在内,在视觉皮层定位、视神经炎、弱视、青光眼、眼眶肿瘤以及视觉中枢白质纤维重建研究中显示了独特的价值.本文就功能性磁共振成像技术在上述方面的研究进展作一综述.     

功能性影像技术在弱视研究中的进展

利用影像学中功能性神经影像技术研究弱视的发病机制是近几年新兴的技术,它的发展将有关弱视发病机制的研究向前推进了一大步。现在的脑功能成像技术包括脑磁图(magnetoencephalography,MEG)、单光子发射计算机断层显像(singlephotonemissioncomputedtomography,SPECT)、正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positronemissiontomography,PET)以及功能磁共振(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging,fMRI)等。研究发现弱视患者的中枢的各项技术检测指标和正常人相比具有一定差异,表明这些技术对于弱视中枢的研究具有一定价值,其应用是切实可行的,但现有的功能性神经影像技术还不能精确定位弱视中枢,现对这些影像技术作一综述。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在视神经疾病上的研究进展

视神经疾病是一类严重影响视功能的疾病。近年来,磁共振扩散张量成像( diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)广泛应用于视神经疾病领域。较之于光学相干断层成像术、视觉诱发电位、视野等眼科检查,该方法具有明显优势,它可以直观显示视神经、视觉通路和视皮层的形态改变,定量分析视神经、视觉通路、视皮层的形态及病理改变。本文对DTI的成像原理、在视神经病变的临床研究进展及发展前景予以综述。     

Optical coherence tomography: measuring in-vivo axonal survival and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review considers the latest developments in the use of optical coherence tomography in neuro-ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS: Optical coherence tomography can accurately and reproducibly quantitate the micron thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, as well as the thickness and volume of the macula. It is able to perform both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. It is able to measure and assess axonal preservation and protection when used in clinical trials. SUMMARY: Specific guidelines when undertaking optical coherence tomography analyses for patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis are needed to ensure uniformity among clinical trials; this development would be similar to the parameters devised when magnetic resonance imaging emerged as an important technology.     

Geniculate hemianopia. Diagnostic importance of retinal nerve fiber layer analysis using optical coherence tomography: case report

Lesions of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) are the most unusual lesions of the visual pathways. Imaging studies are very important in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, due to its small size and particular location, the lateral geniculate body and its lesions are sometimes difficult to detect in imaging studies possibly causing diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this paper is to document an unusual case of a lesion of the lateral geniculate body for which an optical coherence tomography study was very important in confirming the anatomic diagnosis of a lateral geniculate body lesion. A 39-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of uveitis and central nervous system vasculitis was referred for investigation of a right temporal quadrantanopia. She had already been submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not show any lesion along the visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Such finding associated with the observations on the neurological examination strongly suggested a lateral geniculate body lesion. The patient was submitted to another new magnetic resonance imaging obtained with especially oriented thin sections and an ischemic lesion of the lateral geniculate body was observed establishing the correct diagnosis. This case serves to confirm the importance of optical coherence tomography in determining the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in neuro-ophthalmic diseases and therefore to help in locating a lesion along the visual pathway.     

功能磁共振成像在弱视研究中的新进展

近年来功能磁共振成像（FMRI）技术基于血管内血氧浓度的变化,可以无损伤地反映活体大脑功能,在视觉系统的研究中得到了迅速的发展,尤其在弱视的研究中已取得重要成果。FMRI可用来从整体水平研究弱视患者的皮层损害特点,还能通过它观察眼优势柱转移、视觉运动觉能力的缺陷,比较不同类型弱视的脑功能变化,尤其屈光参差性弱视和斜视性弱视。就FMRI在弱视研究中的新进展进行综述。     

视网膜色素变性疾病的OCT表现

视网膜色素变性（ｒｅｔｉｎｉｔｉｓｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｏｓａ,ＲＰ）是临床上常见的可致盲性眼病。近年来随着光学相干断层扫描等相关技术的发展,使直接观察ＲＰ患者的视网膜和脉络膜超微结构变化成为可能,其与ＲＰ患者的临床进展相关联。本文就近年ＲＰ患者的ＯＣＴ影像学表现研究进展进行综述。     

病理性近视眼影像学生物标志物的研究现状

高度近视和病理性近视的患病率正逐年增加,会造成严重的视力损害和社会危害。然而对高度近视和病理性近视的早期诊断、进展预判和治疗效果的评估等问题尚未解决。近年来,影像学技术的不断发展以及多模态成像的应用为病理性近视的诊断、疾病进展的监测及治疗效果的评估提供了有力的依据,尤其部分特异性影像学生物标志物的发现更有助于病理性近视的早期诊治和对其相关机制的认识。因此,本文就眼底照相、光学相干断层扫描和光学相干断层扫描血管造影中的病理性近视影像学生物标志物进行综述。     

An evidence‐based approach to the routine use of optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technology that has revolutionised the detection, assessment and management of ocular disease. It is now a mainstream technology in clinical practice and is performed by non‐specialised personnel in some settings. This article provides a clinical perspective on the implications of that movement and describes best practice using multimodal imaging and an evidence‐based approach. Practical, illustrative guides on the interpretation of optical coherence tomography are provided for three major diseases of the ocular fundus, in which optical coherence tomography is often crucial to management: age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Topics discussed include: cross‐sectional and longitudinal signs in ocular disease, so‐called ‘red‐green’ disease whereby clinicians rely on machine/statistical comparisons for diagnosis in managing treatment‐naïve patients, and the utility of optical coherence tomography angiography and machine learning.     

Optical coherence tomography in paediatric clinical practice

Optical coherence tomography is a non‐invasive ocular imaging technique that is frequently used in the diagnosis and monitoring of optic nerve or retinal disease. Advances in optical coherence tomography speed and image processing capability allow increased use of the modality in clinical practice, especially in younger children. This review outlines the challenges involved in imaging children, highlights the technological progress, the importance of acquiring normative data and, finally, focuses on the clinical applicability of optical coherence tomography in our paediatric population with various ocular conditions.