萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床疗效

目的观察萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法随机将62例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组32例在给予口服萘哌地尔25mg的基础上,加服左氧氟沙星0.2g;对照组30例给予口服左氧氟沙星0.2g。两组疗程均为42d。观察两组治疗前后前列腺液常规检查(EPS常规检查)、前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI)、最大尿道压(MUP)、最大尿道闭合压(MUCP)、最大尿流率(MFR)、平均尿流率(AFR)和残余尿量(RU)的变化。结果在降低前列腺液中白细胞计数治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.01),在NIH-CPSI、MUP、MUCP、RU以及提高MFR和AFR,治疗组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎疗效确切。     

丹益片联合普适泰片治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨丹益片联合普适泰片治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年5月—2018年5月在平顶山煤业集团公司一矿职工医院治疗的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者94例,根据就诊号分为对照组(47例)和治疗组(47例)。对照组口服普适泰片,1片/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服丹益片,4/片,3次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者IIEF-5和NIH-CPSI评分及尿流率和前列腺液中细胞因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为80.85%和95.74%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者IIEF-5评分明显升高(P0.05),NIH-CPSI评分均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者IIEF-5和NIH-CPSI评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者最大尿流率和平均尿流率均明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者最大尿流率和平均尿流率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组前列腺液中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-6、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白2(MIP-2)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)水平均显著降低(P0.05),转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组上述细胞因子水平明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论丹益片联合盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎可显著改善机体细胞因子水平,减轻患者临床不适症,提高尿流率。     

普乐安胶囊联合坦索罗辛治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的 观察普乐安胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年4月—2022年5月郑州大学第五附属医院收治的200例慢性前列腺炎患者,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组(100例)和治疗组(100例)。对照组饭后口服盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊,1粒/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服普乐安胶囊,4～6粒/次,3次/d。两组均治疗2周。比较两组临床疗效、病情改善状况、尿流动力学指标、前列腺液细胞因子。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为96.00%,高于对照组总有效率85.00%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)评分、国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)评分均显著下降,残余尿量减少,平均尿流率(Q_ave)、最大尿流率(Q_max)升高,前列腺液白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)水平均显著下降(P<0.0...     

他莫昔芬治疗Ⅲ型前列腺炎疗效观察

观察他莫昔芬治疗Ⅲ型前列腺炎的临床疗效并探讨其作用机理。将80例患者分为Ⅲ型前列腺炎合并特发少精症组28例和特发少精症组52例,均采用他莫昔芬治疗,疗程均为12周。比较2组治疗前后的前列腺常规、慢性前列腺炎症状指数（NIH-CPSI）、精浆中细胞因子的表达、勃起功能国际问卷（IIEF.5）评分。（1）治疗后,Ⅲ型前列腺炎组NIH-CPSI评分显著降低（P＜0.05）,IIEF-5评分显著升高（P＜0.05）;（2）Ⅲ型前列腺炎组WBC、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10的水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;（3）2组的NIH-CPSI评分与WBC、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10水平呈正相关,而IIEF-5评分与WBC、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10水平呈负相关。Ⅲ型前列腺炎合并特发少精症组患者通过他莫昔芬治疗,能使NIH-CPSI评分显著降低和IIEF-5评分显著提高,且减少前列腺液中炎症因子的表达。     

五禽汤治疗慢性前列腺炎117例

目的探讨五禽汤治疗Ⅲa型慢性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法采用双盲法将234例Ⅲa前列腺炎患者随机分为治疗组（五禽汤组）和对照组（可多华组），疗程为1个半月，观察治疗前后前列腺液白细胞计数（EPS-WBC）、pH值、疼痛症状评分（PS）、排尿症状评分（USS）、生活质量评分（QLS）、最大尿流率（MFR）、平均尿流率（AFR）。结果经Ridit分析，治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P〈0．01），EPS-WBC，MFR，AFR的恢复情况亦明显优于对照组（P〈0．01），NIH-CPSI总评分降低幅度高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论五禽汤治疗Ⅲa型慢性前列腺炎疗效较好且副作用小，具有临床推广价值。     

宁泌泰胶囊联合萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨宁泌泰胶囊联合萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的疗效观察。方法选取2017年5月—2019年5月在河南大学淮河医院泌尿科住院治疗的106例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分成对照组和治疗组,每组各有53例。对照组患者口服萘哌地尔分散片,起始剂量为25mg/次,1次/d,1周后未到理想疗效,可增加到50mg/次,1次/d,饭后服用。治疗组在对照组基础上口服宁泌泰胶囊,3~4粒/次,3次/d,饭后服用。两组患者均连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组临床症状的消失时间;同时比较两组最大尿流率、平均尿流率、前列腺液中炎性因子的变化情况。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率96.23%,显著高于对照组的83.02%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者尿频消退时间、尿急消退时间、排尿困难消退时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者最大尿流率、平均尿流率均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05);且治疗后,治疗组最大尿流率、平均尿流率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者前列腺液中炎性因子白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组前列腺液中炎性因子水平显著对于对照组(P<0.05)。结论宁泌泰胶囊联合萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎具有较好的临床疗效,能有效改善前列腺局部炎症反应,减低局部炎性细胞因子水平,在临床上具有一定的参考价值。     

盐酸坦索罗辛治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床效果分析

目的 探讨慢性前列腺炎患者应用盐酸坦索罗辛治疗的临床效果。方法 80例慢性前列腺炎患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组40例。对照组单独应用左氧氟沙星治疗,观察组实施左氧氟沙星+盐酸坦索罗辛治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果以及治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)评分、尿动力学指标[排尿量、最大尿流率(MFR)、平均尿流率(AFR)]、症状评分(疼痛与不适评分、症状对生活质量的影响评分、排尿症状评分、症状严重程度评分)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率95.00%高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者NIH-CPSI评分均低于治疗前,且观察组患者NIH-CPSI评分(4.73±0.37)分低于对照组的(13.29±3.19)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者排尿量、MFR、AFR均高于治疗前,且观察组患者排尿量(467.79±32.15)ml/d、MFR(27.57±2.39)ml/s、AFR(18.81±2.10)ml/s均高于对照组的(371.36±4...     

坦洛新联合黄酮哌酯治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效观察

目的观察坦洛新联合黄酮哌酯治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效。方法 85例良性前列腺增生症患者按随机数字表分为治疗组43例,对照组42例。治疗组坦洛新0.2mg,每晚1次睡前服,联合黄酮哌酯每次0.2g,每日3次口服,对照组坦洛新0.2mg,每晚1次睡前服。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察治疗前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(MFR)、平均尿流率(AFR)及残余尿量(RU)。结果对照组治疗后IPSS、MFR、AFR及RU较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05),治疗组的IPSS、MFR及RU改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论坦洛新联合黄酮哌酯治疗良性前列腺增生症具有良好的临床效果,并且不良反应少并轻微,值得临床应用。     

银花泌炎灵片联合莫西沙星治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证的临床研究

目的观察银花泌炎灵片联合盐酸莫西沙星片治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2020年1月天津市北辰医院收治74例慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证患者,将所有患者按照随机数表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各37例。对照组口服盐酸莫西沙星片,0.4 g/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服银花泌炎灵片,4片/次,4次/d。两组均连续治疗6周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的采用美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI)评分、白细胞计数(WBC)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率(91.89%)高于对照组(62.16%)(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NIH-CPSI评分、前列腺液WBC均较治疗前降低(P0.05);且治疗组NIH-CPSI评分、前列腺液WBC均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低(P0.05);且治疗组IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论银花泌炎灵片联合盐酸莫西沙星片治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证有较好疗效,可改善临床症状和指标,降低炎症因子水平,且安全性好。     

热淋清颗粒联合坦索罗辛治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨热淋清颗粒联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2019年10月—2020年1月在天津市宝坻区人民医院就诊的102例慢性前列腺炎患者,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各51例。对照组口服盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊,0.2 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上温水冲服热淋清颗粒,8g/次,3次/d。两组患者连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,采用前列腺炎症症状评分(NIH-CPSI)对患者的病情程度进行评估。使用膀胱测压仪检测两组患者治疗前后尿动力学的改变。对比两组血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为96.08%,对照组的总有效率为84.31%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的疼痛评分、排尿症状评分、生活质量评分、NIH-CPSI评分显著降低(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组的各评分比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的最大尿流率明显升高,膀胱颈长度、最大尿道压力明显降低(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组的最大尿流率比对照组高,膀胱颈长度、最大尿道压力比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组IFN-γ、IL-1β、TNF-α水平明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组IFN-γ、IL-1β、TNF-α水平降低比对照组更明显(P0.05)。结论热淋清颗粒联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效确切,可有效控制患者病情,改善尿动力学指标,降低炎症反应,安全性良好。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.