某部四川抗震救灾期间皮肤病发病情况调查

目的调查某部四川抗震救灾期间皮肤病发生情况,为部队在特殊情况下执行紧急任务时皮肤病防治提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查方法对抗震救灾某部1872名指战员进行皮肤病发病情况调查。结果官兵中有1653人患皮肤病,患病率为88．3％。在皮肤病的病种构成上,虫咬皮炎、足癣、痤疮、股癣、夏季皮炎、花斑糠疹、日光性皮炎、湿疹、体癣和慢性单纯性苔藓所占比例较高。其中虫咬皮炎的患病率最高（为52．8％）,足癣、痤疮、股癣、夏季皮炎、花斑糠疹、日光性皮炎、湿疹、体癣和慢性单纯性苔藓的患病率依次为20．4％、10．3％、9．5％、9．2％、5．0％、4．5％、4．2％、3．8％和3．3％。结论抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病发病率较高,昆虫性皮肤病特别是虫咬皮炎的发生更为显著,应高度重视高发皮肤病的防治工作。     

高原驻训官兵常见皮肤病发病情况

目的 调查高原驻训期间官兵常见皮肤病四季发病情况,为制定防治措施提供依据.方法 回顾分析2009年2月-2010年1月某部官兵在高原驻训时4个季节常见皮肤病发病情况.结果 高原驻训官兵皮肤病患病率以痤疮、变态反应性皮肤病、真菌感染较高；春、夏、秋、冬四季分别以变态反应性皮肤病、痤疮、虫咬皮炎、病毒性皮肤病多见,且多数皮肤病在不同季节的发病率差异明显.结论 高原气候季节变化较大,驻训官兵皮肤病患病率明显升高,多数皮肤病呈现季节差异性,应根据不同季节采取相应的预防和控制措施.     

边防某部503例阴囊皮炎调查分析

阴囊皮炎是驻亚热带地区部队夏季常见的皮肤病。1987年7～9月,我们对边防某部6111名指战员进行了调查,发现皮肤病患者2190名,其中阴囊皮炎503人,发病率仅次于浅部真菌病、虫咬皮炎而居第三位。现将调查结果报告如下: (一) 发病情况 503例阴囊皮炎中,病程最长4年,最短8天。调查发现本组病例发病特征有三:①发病多集中在夏季,气候愈炎热、潮湿,病例愈多;②发病率最高是步兵,其     

赴九江地区抗洪抢险官兵皮肤病患病情况调查及影响因素分析

目的了解部队在抗洪抢险救援过程中官兵皮肤病的发病情况及影响因素,为探讨可行的防治措施提供依据。方法以参加九江地区抗洪抢险救援的1200名武警官兵为研究对象,调查其在抗洪期间皮肤病的患病情况。结果在整个抗洪过程中,抗洪后期官兵皮肤病发病率(95.17%)明显高于抗洪前期(50.83%);士兵皮肤病发病率(81.10%)明显高于干部(28.57%)(P0.01);军龄越短发病率越高,军龄越长发病率越低。结论部队在抗洪抢险过程中官兵皮肤病发病率较高,应采取积极的防治措施降低其发病率。     

南海某舰艇部队高发皮肤病调查与防治

目的：调查和防治南海地区海军某舰艇部队高发皮肤病，保障舰员的健康。方法：对南海某舰艇部区××艘舰船和２个连队共２５６０名指战员进行皮肤病流行病学调查，采用多种措施对高发皮肤病进行防治，对基层卫生人员进行培训。结果：调查发现，患浅部真菌病共２１６４人，患病率最高为６０．８％，痤疮，湿疹皮炎，虫咬皮炎等也较为多见。部队所驻地区及舰艇工作，生活特点，基层皮肤病防治知识较缺乏等是皮肤高发的易患主要因素，结     

不同部队官兵皮肤病发病情况调查

目的了解驻不同地区、不同部队官兵常见皮肤病的发生情况,为防治提供科学依据。方法全年跟踪调查驻渤海湾海军某部、驻长江下游某舟桥部队和驻西北高原某部官兵共计3411人,通过临床检查确定皮肤病种类和感染人(次)数。结果皮肤病患者2518人(次),发生率为73.82%,其中海军水下舰艇、水面舰艇和驻岛部队官兵发生率分别为142.47%、102.22%和99.72%,舟桥部队为56.14%,西北高原部队为47.62%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。常见皮肤病12种,排序前3位的为足癣(23.43%)、蚊虫叮咬(17.63%)和过敏性皮炎(14.34%),体癣、湿疹和阴囊皮肤湿疹(烂裆)也是官兵常见皮肤病。结论皮肤病是部队官兵常见疾病之一,驻不同地区、不同兵种官兵皮肤病发生情况有较大差异。     

抗震救灾官兵多发病情况调查

[目的]研究抗震救灾期间部队官兵发病情况,为今后有针对性的做好非战争军事行动防疫防护工作提供参考依据。[方法]采用随机整体抽样法,对参加抗震救灾驻汶川县官兵进行全面健康体检。[结果]抗震救灾官兵常见病中以脚癣、发疹性皮肤病、感冒、腹泻多见,少数官兵合并发生2种以上疾病,常见病发病率明显偏高。[结论]为做好官兵卫生防疫防护积累经验,需加强对非战争军事行动常见病多发病的研究。     

某部野外驻训期间疾病谱调查分析

目的明确高温高湿环境下部队野外驻训期间的疾病发病情况,为更好地开展卫生服务保障提供基础。方法以卫生所登记的官兵就诊记录为依据,统计某部参加野外驻训的2146名官兵各类疾病的发病情况。结果驻训期间,官兵累计发病821例次,排名前五位的疾病类别分别为皮肤和皮下组织疾病、训练伤、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病及眼和附器疾病,分别占所有发病例次的28.50%、22.29%、21.32%、17.17%和5.36%。单病种中,上呼吸道感染、虫咬皮炎和皮肤癣病排名前三位。皮肤和皮下组织疾病以动物引起的皮肤病、过敏性与自身免疫性皮肤病和真菌性皮肤病为主,训练伤以擦伤、扭伤和腰肌劳损最为常见。结论部队驻训期间各类疾病发生率较高,应针对高温高湿地区发病特点,开展有针对性的卫生防病教育和心理疏导工作,科学组训。     

徒步训练士兵足部皮肤病发病情况分析

目的了解部队徒步训练足部皮肤病的发病情况及影响因素,为探讨可行的防治措施提供依据。方法以2003～2006年驻华北某部4260名士兵为研究对象,调查其在徒步全训期间足部皮肤病的患病情况。结果各年度徒步训练1个月后,士兵足部皮肤病发病率(60.48%～78.64%)明显高于训练前(10.38%～18.30%,P<0.01);军龄短发病率高,感染性和物理性皮肤病均较多。结论部队徒步训练足部皮肤病发病率较高,应采取积极的防治措施降低其发病率。     

海军某部夏季高强度训练期间皮肤病发病情况调查

目的：了解海军某部皮肤病发病情况及夏季高强度作战训练期间皮肤病病种变化,分析病因,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法：采用流行病学调查方法对海军某部1747名官兵夏季高强度作战训练前后皮肤病病种变化进行调查,分析可能致病因素。结果;感染性皮肤病的发病人次为1515,发病率86.7%,占全部皮肤病的76.3％,其中以真菌性皮肤病最常见,占43.1％,训练后以日照、高温导致的物理性皮肤病显著增多,尤以新兵为著。驻地位于热带地区、训练强度大、个人卫生习惯不良、滥用激素类软膏等可能是皮肝病高发的主要因素。结论：皮肤病已跃 升为驻热带部队官兵的主要疾病,其中约半数为真菌性皮肤病,夏季强化训练后物理性皮肤病显著增多,应针对发病因素提出防治措施。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.