幽门螺杆菌感染及非甾体抗炎药致消化性溃疡并发出血的相关性研究

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染及服用非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）导致消化性溃疡并发出血的相关性.方法 随机选择2012年1月至2013年6月就诊的消化性溃疡患者共180例,根据是否合并出血分为出血组75例,未出血组105例,分析出血的危险因素.结果 单因素分析结果显示年龄≥60岁、既往有消化道出血史、心脑血管疾病病史、单纯服用NSAIDs是出血的危险因素（P＜0.01）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁[OR值（95％CI）：0.9（0.5～ 1.7）,P=0.003]、消化性溃疡史[OR值（95％CI）：1.4（0.7～2.6）,P=0.006]、既往有消化道出血史[OR值（95％CI）：2.1（1.4～3.0）,P=0.007]、单纯Hp感染[OR值（95％CI）：3.2（2.1～4.2）,P=0.001]、心脑血管疾病病史[OR值（95％CI）：1.3（0.5～1.9）,P=0.005]、单纯服用NSAIDs[OR值（95％CI）：2.4（1.6～3.5）,P=0.001]是消化性溃疡并发出血的独立危险因素,Hp感染合并服用NSAIDs可提高消化性溃疡并发出血的发病率（P＜0.01）.结论 Hp感染合并服用NSAIDs可增加消化性溃疡并发出血的发生率和危险性.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与非甾体抗炎药致消化性溃疡并出血的相关性研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌感染与非甾体抗炎药致消化性溃疡并出血的相关性,为临床防治提供参考依据。方法对医院2010年1月-2011年12月120例消化性溃疡患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将其按照是否出血分为出血组50例和非出血组70例;采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行数据处理,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采取χ2检验,应用非条件logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果两组患者的单因素分析显示,年龄≥60岁、伴有既往消化道出血史、心脑血管病史和使用非甾体抗炎药物4项因素组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic分析显示,年龄≥60岁、消化性溃疡病史、消化道出血病史、幽门螺杆菌感染和使用非甾体抗炎药物均是影响消化性溃疡并出血的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床中单纯的幽门螺杆菌感染并不会增加消化性溃疡并出血的危险,年龄≥60岁、消化性溃疡病史、心脑血管病史、消化道出血病史、幽门螺杆菌感染和使用非甾体抗炎药物等因素同时出现可增加消化性溃疡并出血的危险性,临床中应引起足够重视。     

导致消化性溃疡合并出血相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨消化性溃疡合并出血患者的危险因素。方法将2016年3月-2017年3月在我院治疗的消化性溃疡患者288例纳入本研究,发生消化性溃疡并出血者为观察组,121例;未出血患者纳入对照组,167例。采集两组患者临床资料,采用χ~2检验筛选出导致消化性溃疡合并出血的可能相关因素,再进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果经多因素分析发现,年龄≥75岁、Hp感染、口服非甾体药物是导致消化性溃疡合并出血的独立危险因素,而口服PPI是保护因素(P0.05)。结论年龄≥75岁、Hp感染、口服非甾体药物是导致消化性溃疡合并出血的独立危险因素,而口服PPI是保护因素。     

幽门螺杆菌感染和非甾体类抗炎药对消化性溃疡出血的影响

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌感染和服用非甾体类抗炎药物与消化性溃疡并发出血的关系.方法 收集消化性溃疡出血患者(观察组)和消化性溃疡非出血患者(对照组)各95例的临床资料,对比2组患者的幽门螺杆菌感染和非甾体类抗炎药服用情况,观察2者对消化性溃疡出血的影响.结果 幽门螺杆菌感染阳性和阴性的患者间消化性溃疡出血发生率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.719,P=0.099);服用过非甾体类抗炎药物的患者出血发生率高达69.2％,显著高于未服用非甾体类抗炎药物的患者(x2=16.256,P=0.001),而偶尔服用、短期服用及长期服用的患者间出血发生率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.046,P=0.977).结论 单纯的幽门螺杆菌感染不会增加消化性溃疡的出血发生率,用过非甾体类抗炎药物的患者消化性出血发生率高,但是与服用的时间长短没有关系.     

老年人服用非甾体药物致上消化道出血的临床分析

目的了解老年人服用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)与上消化道出血的关系。方法对服用NSAIDs患者与未服用NSAIDs患者2组之间在性别、年龄、既往史、服药史、临床症状、胃镜结果、幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染情况进行比较分析。HP检测采用活检胃黏膜快速尿素酶和组织学切片行Giemsa染色确定。结果服药组有消化性溃疡史35.29%,心脑血管病史52.94%,消化道症状40.44%;未服药组有消化性溃疡史30.78%,心脑血管病史23.31%,消化道症状75.62%。胃镜结果:服药组胃溃疡41.17%,十二指肠溃疡27.21%,复合性溃疡17.64%,糜烂出血性病变13.98%,HP阳性78.68%;未服药组胃溃疡24.21%,十二指肠溃疡65.38%,复合性溃疡6.23%,糜烂出血性病变9.08%,HP阳性86.65%。结论老年人服小剂量NSAIDS易致消化性溃疡、胃黏膜病变伴出血。用药的同时服用抑酸和胃黏膜保护剂是必要的。     

非甾体抗炎药相关性老年人消化性溃疡的临床分析

目的:探讨非甾体抗炎药相关性老年人消化性溃疡的临床及内镜特点.方法:对198例老年人消化性溃疡的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据1周内是否服用NSAIDs分为NSAIDs组(86例),和非NSAIDs组(112例),并进行分析比较.结果:两组比较,NSAIDs组患者消化道出血发生率高(P <0.05),大便隐血阳性率高 (P <0.05) ;胃溃疡和复合性溃疡、溃疡≧1cm的情况更多见(P <0.05).但两组患者的年龄、性别、Hp阳性率差异无显著性(P >0.05).结论:加强对非甾体抗炎药相关性溃疡的认识,并采取相应措施,以减少非甾体抗炎药对胃肠道产生的毒副作用.     

老年人消化性溃疡危险因素的Meta分析

目的探讨老年人消化性溃疡主要的发病危险因素,为老年人消化性溃疡疾病的早期预防、控制、决策提供循证依据。方法系统检索国内外公开发表的有关老年人消化性溃疡危险因素的文献,检索数据库包括中国知网、万方、维普、Pub Med等数据库,共检索到308篇文献。所纳入的研究文献采用Rev Man5.3软件进行统计分析,计算合并OR(95%CI)值。结果最终共纳入17篇文献,影响老年人消化性溃疡的危险因素为:吸烟、饮酒、Hp感染、服用非甾体抗炎药、不规律饮食、抑郁症状、文化程度,合并OR值及95%CI分别为2.41(1.87,3.10)、2.61(1.80,3.78)、2.55(1.88,3,47)、5.50(3.85,7.86)、1.58(1.26,1.98)、2.83(2.39,3.34)、0.37(0.22,0.61)。结论吸烟、饮酒、Hp感染、非甾体抗炎药的服用、抑郁症状、不规律饮食、低文化程度均是老年人消化性溃疡临床常见的主要危险因素。     

非甾体类抗炎药相关性上消化道出血的临床分析

目的探讨非甾体类抗炎药相关性上消化道出血的临床特征。方法选择因呕血或黑便就诊并行急诊胃镜检查确诊的178例患者，分为NSAIDs组和非NSAIDs组，比较两组患者临床特征、内镜下表现及幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况。结果两组患者的年龄、伴随的消化道症状、心脑血管病史、内镜下表现比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；而性别、出血方式、Hp感染比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论非甾体类抗炎药相关性上消化道出血多见于伴有心脑血管疾病或病史的老年患者，多不伴有消化道症状，以胃黏膜糜烂及溃疡居多，两组患者Hp感染率无显著性差异。     

非甾体抗炎药致上消化道出血的临床特征分析

目的:观察分析非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)所致上消化道出血的临床特点。方法:选取2011年5月~2013年7月收治的NSAIDs所致上消化道出血患者82例作为实验组研究对象,另选取同期未服用NSAIDs出血上消化道出血患者90例作对对照组,对比观察两组患者临床情况。结果:实验组患者超过60岁以上、伴有消化道溃疡史、心脑血管病史比例明显多于对照组,消化道症状明显少于对照组;胃镜下观察,实验组胃粘膜损伤率较高,而胃、十二指肠溃疡率较低,相比对照组,以上各差异P<0.05,均具有统计学意义。结论:高龄、既往消化道溃疡史、心脑血管病史等患者服用NSAIDs容易导致上消化道出血,在临床用药时应当对带有相关危险因素患者提高警惕;该病发病症状不明显,胃粘膜损伤较多且严重,但明确病因后通常治疗效果较好。     

中国老年人消化性溃疡危险因素的累积Meta分析

目的 分析中国老年人消化性溃疡发病相关危险因素,为采取相应的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法 检索中国万方数据库和中国知网数据库(CNKI),收集自建库至2017年6月公开发表关于老年人消化性溃疡危险因素的研究文献;应用Stata14.0对纳入的文献进行统计分析。结果 最终纳入15篇中文文献,累计病例组3920例,对照组8146例,老年人消化性溃疡的危险因包括:吸烟、饮酒、Hp感染、服用非甾体类药物、抑郁症状。普通Meta分析危险因素的合并OR值及95%CI分别为2.68(2.10,3.27)、2.35(1.62,3.07)、2.60(1.79,3.40)、5.52(3.30,7.74)、2.92(2.39,3.46);累积Meta分析显示,按照发表年先后顺序累积分析后,吸烟、饮酒、Hp感染、服用非甾体类药物、抑郁症状的OR值及其95%CI均逐渐稳定并且有较好的变化趋势;可确定危险因素最初被证实具有统计学意义的时间。结论 在时间趋势方面,吸烟、饮酒、服用非甾体类药物没有检出明显的时间趋势,Hp感染、抑郁症状存在时间趋势。吸烟、饮酒、Hp感染、服用非甾体类药物、抑郁症状均为老年人消化性溃疡的危险因素且逐渐稳定并且有较好的变化趋势。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.