刃厚皮片切削法治疗幼儿先天性巨痣初探

目的 探讨应用刃厚皮片切削法对先天性巨痣的治疗效果。方法 采用电动取皮机切取刃厚皮片的方法切除巨痣表层皮肤，残留部分采用皮肤磨削法去除。结果 16例患儿中9例取得了满意效果，肤色接近正常，偶有色素沉着和小面积瘢痕形成。6例明显改善，1例复发。结论 刃厚皮片切削法对治疗大部分幼儿先天性巨痣有明显效果，其远期效果尚有待进一步观察。     

特殊类型先天性巨痣的手术诊治

目的：探讨特殊形态先天性巨痣的诊断和治疗。方法：对四例特殊形态先天性巨痣患者从病史、症状、术中发现、病理检查进行分析，对不同患者的病情分别采用部分或全部切除，自体皮片或自体病变皮片游离移植的方法进行巨痣切除后的整复。结果：四例巨痣患者经手术治疗疗效良好，严重影响患者生活质量的病变组织得以切除，正常皮片和病变组织皮片均全部成活。结论：先天性巨痣不但范围巨大，而且形态多样，须仔细鉴别，并根据不同病情采用不同的切除和修复方法。     

应用皮肤切削术治疗胸背部巨痣临床分析

目的:观察应用皮肤切削术治疗胸背部巨痣的临床效果,探讨治疗巨痣较为有效的方式。方法:于巨痣部位以切削方式削除黑色素痣病变组织,继发创面以愈邦(纳米银抗菌医用敷料)覆盖,术后逐层揭去外层敷料,直至创面愈合,愈后综合抗瘢痕治疗。结果:胸背部巨痣可一次性手术完成,创面均Ⅰ期愈合,愈后无明显瘢痕增生或挛缩,皮肤色泽及弹性可。结论:应用皮肤切削术治疗胸背部巨痣手术次数少,无需植皮。     

断层皮片切削法在巨痣治疗中的应用

目的:探讨断层皮片切削法治疗巨痣的临床疗效。方法:采用滚轴式取皮刀切削巨痣达真皮浅层,创面不需植皮,待其自行愈合后配合预防瘢痕增生治疗。结果:6例患儿取得满意效果,3例患儿有少部分色素残留。所有患儿术前术后毛发无明显改变。平均治疗时间为18天。结论:断层皮片切削法治疗巨痣临床效果明显:术后恢复快,色素残留少,皮肤无明显瘢痕形成,可明显改善患者外观。     

大片皮移植在治疗小儿巨痣中的应用

巨型先天性黑素细胞痣（giant congenital melanocytic nevu）简称巨痣（giant nevus）,是一种以痣面积巨大为特征的先天性黑素痣,可分布在身体各处.巨痣致患儿外形丑陋,使患儿及其父母产生巨大心理负担.巨痣还有恶变可能,恶变率为4％～12％[1-3],恶变主要取决于痣的病理类型及大小.60％恶变是在第1个10年内,因此小儿巨痣的早期治疗非常必要.治疗目的：防止恶变和改善外貌,减轻患儿自卑心理.巨痣的治疗方法很多,如激光、化学药物、冷冻、外科切除等.手术是可靠的治疗方法,可以完整切除病变,降低恶变率.巨痣面积大,需多次手术,给患儿及家庭带来沉重的经济及心理负担.我们利用小儿头皮面积占体表总面积较成年人高的特点,用大张头皮治疗小儿巨痣.     

皮肤软组织扩张术治疗先天性巨痣的应用及相关问题探讨

目的 探索应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗先天性巨痣的临床效果。方法 总结2010年7月至2019年9月收治的先天性巨痣患者28例,应用单次/多次头、躯干、四肢部位一期扩张后二期皮瓣进行修复。扩张器一期置入,当皮肤软组织充分扩张达预期目的时,取出扩张器,切除头面部、躯干、四肢部位巨痣,根据巨痣的大小、形状设计皮瓣,完全修复缺损。结果 本组患者28例,巨痣面积约13 cm×12 cm～43 cm×33 cm,均予以全部切除。1例血肿、3例感染积极处理后好转,未影响皮瓣转移。术后随访6个月以上,皮瓣均成活良好且未见明显挛缩,颜色与周围正常皮肤相近,无复发。结论 先天性巨痣通过皮肤软组织扩张术治疗后效果满意,值得推广。     

广泛性疣状痣削除手术治疗二例

广泛性疣状痣削除手术治疗二例苑正太，王标，辛乃军疣状痣系先天性皮肤疾患，并非罕见。我科自１９８４年以来，曾收治８例，其中２例系几乎遍及全身的广泛性病变，难于采用一般切除缝合、切除植皮或电灼激光等法治疗。我们在分析其病理解剖学的基础上，创用滚轴取皮刀大...     

利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植的临床应用与研究

目的：探讨一种新的大面积全厚皮片取皮方法。方法：利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植治疗大面积体表瘢痕、巨痣等38例次。测量此方法的皮片收缩率，并与其他种类皮片进行比较。结果：本组病例植皮成活96．5％，术后6月皮片收缩程度低于中厚植皮，与普通全厚植皮无差别。结论：利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植治疗大面积体表病变是一种合理可靠的方法。     

断层皮片移植治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣

目的探索耳廓前面软骨膜表面及耳廓后面皮下层植皮治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣的疗效。方法对6例先天性耳廓大面积黑色素痣或巨痣累及耳廓的患者，采用彻底切除病变组织，耳前、后面分期两行断层皮片移植的方法进行治疗，观察其疗效。结果移植之皮片全部成活，随访1～2年，植皮无挛缩，耳廓无变形。结论采用分期断层皮片移植治疗耳廓大面积黑色素痣，方法简单，疗效可靠。     

胸科钢丝内固定联合皮片移植修复胸背部巨痣切除术后缺损

目的探讨胸科钢丝内固定联合皮片移植修复胸背部巨痣切除术后缺损的临床疗效。方法 2007年6月-2010年10月,收治17例胸背部巨痣患儿。男7例,女10例;年龄3岁6个月～15岁,平均8岁。巨痣范围为20 cm×12 cm～60 cm×50 cm。2例曾行激光治疗,余15例均未治疗。巨痣表面皮肤破溃及渗出2例,坚硬3例,毛发生长7例,5例皮肤质地与周围正常皮肤一致;5例皮肤瘙痒明显。手术切除巨痣后,于创缘以胸科钢丝内固定缩小创面,再取大腿中厚皮片移植修复创面。术后综合抗瘢痕治疗。结果巨痣切除后创面面积为(2 110.74±725.69)cm2,胸科钢丝缩创后面积为(1 624.94±560.57)cm2,缩创前后创面面积比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.006,P=0.001)。术后植皮均顺利成活,切口及供皮区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者术后均获随访,随访时间为6个月～2年,平均13个月。植皮区、供皮区无明显瘢痕增生或挛缩,皮肤色泽及弹性与创周正常皮肤相似,乳头、肚脐等局部器官与术前比较无牵拉移位。结论胸背部巨痣切除后,胸科钢丝内固定联合皮片移植修复继发创面,可减少取皮量,术后瘢痕轻微,外观满意。     

The surgical challenge of giant circumferential congenital naevi of the extremities: a 13-year follow-up of two cases

The surgical management of giant congenital melanocytic naevi involving extremities in a circumferential pattern may represent a surgical challenge with respect to their resection and subsequent reconstructive options. We present our experience in the management of circumferential giant congenital melanocytic naevi involving the upper limb in one patient and lower limb in another one. They were managed and followed up for 13 years. The lesion regenerated following dermabrasion in the first patient and regenerated following tangential excision and split-thickness skin graft in both patients. Therefore, another approach was used, full-thickness resection of the lesions and reconstruction with dermal regeneration template (Integra™), followed by ultrathin split-thickness skin graft. The last approach resulted in no recurrence during a 3-year follow-up. The complexity of these lesions and the limitation of different surgical approaches have been highlighted. Full-thickness excision of the affected integument and the use of dermal regeneration template is a useful technique which can be considered in the management of circumferential giant melanocytic naevi, particularly when other established methods have failed to provide satisfactory results.     

Multicentric Malignant Melanoma in a Giant Melanocytic Congenital Nevus 20 Years After Dermabrasion in Adulthood

BACKGROUND: Dermabrasion is one approach to the treatment of treating giant melanocytic congenital nevi. Treatment is recommended to reduce the risk of spontaneous malignant transformation of giant nevi into malignant melanomas that usually occur in childhood. OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus after dermabrasion. METHODS: We report about a 46-year-old male patient who developed a multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus. The nevus was located on his left shoulder extending to his neck and chest. Previously, dermabrasion of the nevus was performed twice at the ages of 26 and 28. RESULTS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant transformation of a giant nevus into a multicentric malignant melanoma diagnosed 20 years after the procedure of dermabrasion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a close follow-up of such patients is mandatory.     

Radical Resection of Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus and Reconstruction With Meek-Graft Covered Integra Dermal Template

BACKGROUND: Giant congenital melanocytic nevi represent a surgical challenge, particularly in cases in which the size of the nevus exceeds certain extend and malignant transformations have to be considered. OBJECTIVE: To discuss through case report considerable surgical options when extensive giant congenital melanocytic nevi with malignant transformation are encountered. METHODS: We present an unusual case of a giant congenital melanocytic nevi of the entire back of a 44-year-old patient. To achieve radical resection with direct appropriate wound closure and acceptable outcome, the integument of the entire back was excised and covered with Integra, followed by split-thickness skin grafting after stable integration of the matrix. RESULTS: The approach resulted in a complete excision of the tumor and acceptable cosmetic and excellent biomechanical outcome. CONCLUSION: The introduced practice demonstrates a useful alternative to established methods, particularly if tumor excision in large areas and subsequent wound closure might be achieved in one procedure.     

巨痣侵及脂肪和肌肉层并高度怀疑并发神经皮肤黑变病：病例报道及文献复习

目的探讨巨痣的疾病特点,提高对巨痣的临床诊治水平。方法对1例罕见巨痣病例进行报道,并结合文献报道的资料进行分析总结。结果本例患者19岁,自出生即被发现项背部巨痣,在我院行病变组织切除植皮术,术中发现痣细胞侵及脂肪和肌肉层。随访7年,高度怀疑并发神经皮肤黑变病。结论结合本病例及文献分析,整形外科医师应认识到巨痣的痣细胞可能侵犯较深（甚至达脂肪、肌肉层）,且可能并发神经皮肤黑变病。因此,手术前应全面系统考虑患者的病史、可能的并发症及首选的治疗手段,必要时应与皮肤科及神经科多学科合作共同完成治疗,以防延误病情,减少并发症发生的风险。     

色素痣样皮损381例的临床与组织病理分析

目的:探讨381例色素痣样皮损的临床与病理之间的关系。方法:对381例色素痣样的病例做临床及组织病理诊断回顾性分析。结果:381例色素痣样皮损中,病理诊断符合色素痣327例,符合率为93.7%,组织病理类型:皮内痣219例(67%),混合痣89例(27.2%),交界痣8例(2.4%)及其他11例(3.4%);327例色素痣中,先天性色痣140例(42.8%),组织病理类型:皮内痣74例(52.9%),混合痣55例(39.3%),交界痣7例(5%)及蓝痣4例(2.8%);临床误诊为色素痣54例,病理诊断居前5位为脂溢性角化病、血管角皮瘤、基底细胞癌、黑素瘤、鳞状细胞癌。结论:色素痣样皮损的正确诊断需要结合组织病理分析。     

Tissue expansion in a patient with extensive nevus comedonicus.

Nevus comedonicus is a rare developmental abnormality of the pilosebaceous apparatus that presents as an aggregation of dilated follicular orifices filled with pigmented keratinous material. Occurrence of extensive or giant lesions is even more rare. Indications for treatment include recurrent infections and cosmetic reasons. Therapeutic approaches include topical keratolytic agents, manual extraction of comedones, dermabrasion, and excision of smaller lesions. Increasing clinical experience with tissue expansion has suggested that it might be used effectively in the definitive treatment of an extensive nevus comedonicus previously considered too large to excise without the use of a skin graft, despite the potential risk of infection within the lesion during the course of expansion. We report the first patient with giant nevus comedonicus to be treated using tissue expansion. This patient demonstrates that prompt treatment of cellulitis and abscesses within the lesion will keep this process isolated from the adjacent expanders and will not compromise a planned excision and reconstruction.     

Congenital Spitz Nevus

BACKGROUND: Congenital Spitz nevus has been reported previously in the literature, but the histopathologic features have not been examined in detail. OBJECTIVE: To histologically examine and report on congenital Spitz nevus. METHOD: We examined 10 clinically submitted congenital melanocytic nevi that were histopathologically identified as congenital Spitz nevi and compared them to the characteristics seen in acquired Spitz nevus and superficial congenital melanocytic nevus. RESULTS: Of the 10 congenital Spitz nevi, 9 were compound and 1 was dermal. Two showed features of combined Spitz nevus (Spitz and blue). Six cases showed all 16 listed characteristics of acquired Spitz nevus, with two cases having 15 and two cases having 14 characteristics. Of the superficial congenital melanocytic nevus characteristics, all except three cases had all 12 attributes. The one dermal lesion had all the characteristics of the acquired Spitz nevus and all but one of the characteristics of the superficial congenital melanocytic nevus in regards to intradermal findings. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital Spitz nevi are true congenital lesions, with histopathologic features of both acquired Spitz nevus and superficial congenital melanocytic nevus.     

Congenital giant nevocellular nevus of the back with deep extension to the fat and fascia

The presence of deep pigmentation in a giant congenital nevus makes its complete removal very difficult and should be taken into consideration when planning for treatment. A clinical case in which the pigmented lesion was found to extend deep into the muscle fascia is described. The lesion was surgically removed with an acceptable functional and aesthetic result through the utilization of tissue expansion. The development of new surgical techniques and the expansion of laser technology will possibly provide new treatment options in the future. Emphasis should be placed on aesthetics and function, because the excision based only on oncological anticipation is no longer valid. The presence of deep pigmentation makes certain treatment options less effective than surgical ablation.     

Exérèse des nævus congénitaux géants : jusqu’où aller avec la chirurgie ?

Surgical excision of giant congenital nevi is recommended by principle for dermatological reasons. Malignant potential is real but its incidence remains widely discussed. Their excision represents a surgical challenge but is also a real assault course for the child and his family. The sequelae and the psychological effects can be important. Can an incomplete excision to limit these aesthetic after-effects and relieve the surgical treatment be acceptable? We present the case of a child affected by a giant congenital nevi of the cephalic extremity where the excision was partial. A review of the literature on the degenerative risk of the giant congenital nevi allowed us of noticed that this one tends to be overestimated. The advantages and the disadvantages to practise a preventive, premature excision and complete of the giant congenital nevi are approached. We discuss the possibility to resort to a partial excision in certain cases delicate of reconstruction under the cover of a strict and moved closer dermatological surveillance.