老年人无功能性垂体腺瘤的显微外科治疗

2009～2010 年经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微手术切除老年人无功能性垂体腺瘤18例进行临床分析. 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 18例患者中,男15例,女3例;年龄63～71岁,平均64.1岁;病程0.3～11年,平均5.6年.主要以视力、视野障碍和垂体功能低下为主,其中视力障碍18例,伴有视野缺损18例;垂体功能低下4例;头痛15例.     

垂体腺瘤患者视功能障碍临床研究

目的 探讨垂体腺瘤视功能障碍的发生机制及经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术后视功能恢复的规律.方法 对180例经鼻蝶人路手术的垂体腺瘤患者按肿瘤病理分型、瘤体大小、性别、年龄分类,分别测定术前及术后的视力、视野、眼底情况.Logistic多因素分析垂体瘤患者视功能障碍的预测因素.结果 180例患者中,有视力障碍者占68.89%,巨大腺瘤有视功能下降92.59%,大腺瘤有视功能障碍占66.18%,微腺瘤有视功能障碍52.94%,其中7例为视野改变.手术3个月后视力好转101例(81.45%),无改变30例(24.19%),恶化3例(2.42%).眼底改变大多数为原发性视神经萎缩,伴卒中患者出现视乳头水肿.结论 视功能障碍与肿瘤高度、前后径及年龄相关.     

经鼻蝶入路显微外科治疗老年垂体腺瘤68例临床经验

目的 探讨经鼻蝶入路显微外科治疗老年垂体腺瘤的治疗结果 .方法 2000年12月至2007年12月期间68例老年垂体腺瘤的病例在我院接受经鼻蝶入路显微外科切除.通过其治疗效果进行分析,总结治疗经验.结果 术中15例发生脑脊液漏,采用鞍底重建.10例垂体腺瘤巨大,手术无法全切,术后辅以伽马刀放射治疗.5例术后发生严重的电解质紊乱及尿崩,8例术后发生垂体功能低下.随访1年,未见肿瘤复发,恢复良好.结论 经鼻蝶入路显微外科治疗老年垂体腺瘤,由于其术中损伤小,术后恢复快,能有效的治疗老年垂体腺瘤,获得满意的效果.     

经蝶入路显微外科治疗老年人垂体腺瘤

目的探讨老年人垂体腺瘤（ＳＰＡ）的手术疗效。方法总结经ＣＴ扫描或ＭＲＩ确诊的５６例ＳＰＡ经蝶显微外科治疗的临床资料，３５例经唇下－鼻中隔－蝶窦入路、２１例经鼻前庭－鼻中隔－蝶窦入路行肿瘤切除术。结果本组微腺瘤７例，大腺瘤３０例，巨大腺瘤１９例，术后无死亡。４８例获长期随访（平均３．５年），４１例恢复良好；７例术后平均３．４年肿瘤复发，其中２例再次手术，５例采用药物、放疗或放射外科治疗，于３个月时复查见患者恢复较为满意。结论采取经蝶显微外科治疗ＳＰＡ，是一种安全、有较的方法     

手术治疗121例老年垂体腺瘤临床分析

目的 探讨老年垂体腺瘤的临床特点和手术治疗意义.方法 回顾性分析了121例60岁及以上垂体腺瘤的临床资料.结果 手术主要采用经鼻蝶窦入路,肿瘤全切除及次全切除91例,大部切除25例,部分切除5例.住院期间视力好转80例,占88.9％.随访MRI72例,肿瘤无复发或静止状态67例,复发需再次手术5例.术后生活自理率80％.结论 多数老年垂体腺瘤初期的临床表现隐匿,发现时往往肿瘤大、压迫视神经,尽早鞍区MRI检查可明确诊断.手术切除肿瘤对老年垂体瘤有效、安全,尤其是经鼻蝶入路.     

老年人垂体腺瘤影像学及临床分析

垂体腺瘤起源于垂体前叶细胞的异常结节性增生 ,占颅内肿瘤 10 % ,好发于中青年 ,老年人较少见 ,文献报道约占垂体腺瘤病人的 0 .8% 〔1 ,2〕,并且症状常不典型 ,极易误诊。我们近5年中共收治 9例 ,均经内分泌或 CT、MR检查确诊并通过手术治疗证实的老年人垂体腺瘤 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　 一般资料　本组 9例病人 ,男 6例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 6 0～72岁 ,病程 1～ 14年。临床以视力、视野受损为主要表现 ,其中视力下降 9例 ,有明显双颞侧偏盲 5例 ,不典型视野缺损 4例。其次 ,头痛、头晕、头昏 7例 ,垂体功能低下 4例 ,主要表现为乏力…     

老年垂体腺瘤的经蝶显微手术治疗

目的：对22例老年人垂体腺瘤的经蝶显微手术治疗,探讨老年性垂体腺瘤的临床特点及治疗原则,方法：本组老年人垂体腺瘤均经血清激素检查,CT或MRI扫描确诊,采用经蝶显微手术治疗,术后治疗特别注意水和电解质的平衡,结果：无分泌功能腺瘤17例,肿瘤全切12例,次全切7例,大部分切除3例,无手术死亡,无并发症死亡。在平均3．1年随访中,20例恢复良好,2例症状复发,结论：老年性垂体腺瘤绝大部分为无功能性,经蝶入路显微手术切除是一种安全,有效的方法,但要注意手术适应症的选择和术后体液,电解质平衡。     

经单鼻蝶窦入路显微外科手术切除垂体腺瘤(附51例报告)

目的探讨经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微外科手术切除垂体腺瘤的手术技巧以及并发症的处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗的51例垂体腺瘤患者。对比手术前后视力视野变化、垂体内分泌变化,并分析并发症的发生率及相关影响因素。结果经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微外科手术全切除垂体腺瘤46例、次全切5例,视力症状改善(改善率82.1%),内分泌功能改善,术后出现尿崩症12例(2周后均恢复),术中脑脊液漏9例(经同期手术修补后痊愈)。结论经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤具有安全、简便、微创等优点,是大部分垂体腺瘤的首选手术方式。     

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤216例.术中将扩张器直接置于蝶窦前壁,弧形切开鼻中隔根部和蝶窦腹侧壁,黏膜翻向外侧,鼻中隔被完整推向对侧,凿开蝶窦前壁骨质,进入蝶窦,常规切除肿瘤.无手术死亡者.术后82例出现暂时性尿崩,2例视力恶化,12例视力无明显改善,22例MRI示有肿瘤残留,36例出现较顽固电解质紊乱,7例出现脑脊液鼻漏.随访112例,治愈73例,病情控制32例,复发7例.认为经单鼻孔蝶窦入路可以较容易地切除垂体腺瘤,并发症较少.     

Survivin基因在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与p53基因的关系

应用TUNEL技术和SP法检测8例健康人垂体组织（对照组）和48例垂体腺瘤患者肿瘤组织（观察组）的Survivin和p53基因表达。结果Survivin基因在对照组中不表达；观察组阳性率为66．7％，且侵袭性垂体腺瘤较非侵袭性垂体腺瘤阳性率明显升高，P〈0．05。p53基因在对照组阳性率为12．5％，观察组为62．5％，其中侵袭性阳性率较非侵袭性明显升高，并且垂体腺瘤组织中p53基因和Survivin基因呈正相关性（r=0．63，P〈0．05）。提示Survivin基因在垂体腺瘤的发生、发展中起一定作用，其侵袭性强，预后不良；与p53基因的异常表达密切相关。     

Pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence. Clinical analysis of 10 cases

Pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence constitute 2-6% of all operated pituitary adenomas. We report the clinical features, treatment and follow-up of 10 pediatric patients affected by pituitary adenomas. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, endocrine tests, magnetic resonance imaging and visual field assessment. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 132 months (median 52.6). All patients were older than 10 years of age; 60% were males. In 50% the initial complaints were headache and/or visual impairment, all except one had clear evidence of endocrine dysfunction. Ninety percent were macroadenomas. According to hormone measurements and immunostaining 50% were prolactinomas, 20% were pure GH-secreting and 30% were non-functioning adenomas. Prolactinomas in two females were successfully treated with cabergoline. The other patients underwent surgery: three prolactinomas are still being treated with dopamine agonists and a GH-secreting adenoma is being treated with octreotide LAR and cabergoline. Two patients were also treated with conventional radiotherapy. Treatments were completely successful in 50% of patients: these have normal hormone secretion, full pubertal development, no significant tumor mass and normal visual field. Hypersecretion of prolactin persists in two cases; partial or complete hypopituitarism is present in four, relevant tumor remnant in another four and impairment of visual field is present in two cases. In conclusion, pediatric adenomas occur mostly in pubertal age, are prevalently macroadenomas and clinically functioning. Medical therapy should be preferred for secreting adenomas, but in some cases, notably prolactinomas in males, surgery and eventual radiotherapy may be needed.     

Pituitary apoplexy: retrospective study of 9 patients with hypophyseal adenoma

Pituitary apoplexy is an acute hemorrhage or ischemia infarction of the pituitary gland, almost invariably occurring in the presence of an pituitary adenoma. Although intratumoral bleeding occur in about 9.5 to 25% of pituitary adenomas, various series suggest that clinical apoplexy may be diagnosed in about 2% to 10% of the adenomas. In a retrospective study from 1988 to 1998 of 110 patients with hypophyseal adenomas, there were 9 cases with pituitary apoplexy, yielding an incidence of 8.2%. Their mean age was 52.4 +/- 12.8 a?os years, with a male to female ratio of 7:2. Symptoms observed were headache (89%), sudden visual deterioration (78%), vomiting (78%) and oculomotor nerves paresis (33%). The diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy was established by computerized tomographic scans, and hypophyseal macroadenoma with intratumoral bleeding was observed in every patient. Five patients underwent transphenoidal surgery. Improvement of visual deficit was observed in 3/4 (75%) and ocular paresis in 3/3 (100%) of affected patients. Four patients were treated conservatively with steroids. Two patients who had visual deficit recovered it completely without surgery. Two hypophyseal adenomas were resolved spontaneously after bleeding, one stayed unchanged and another presented recurrence of bleeding at six years of follow-up. Steroid and thyroid hormone replacement therapy was required in 62.5% of patients.     

巨大垂体腺瘤的显微手术治疗

为提高巨大垂体腺瘤显微手术的疗效 ,回顾性分析 5 6例巨大垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料及治疗方法。依据肿瘤的生长方向及部位将 5 6例分为四型 ,据此分别采用经蝶、经额下、额下经蝶、扩大经蝶、扩大额下硬膜外、额下 -翼点等 10种入路进行显微手术。5 6例巨大垂体腺瘤全切 2 9例 ,近全切 2 0例 ,大部切除 7例。无死亡者。提示依据巨大垂体腺瘤的不同位置及生长方向选择适当的手术入路是提高全切率、降低死亡率及复发率的重要手段     

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: surgical results of 228 pituitary adenomas treated in a pituitary center

Pituitary tumors are challenging tumors in the sellar region. Surgical approaches to the pituitary have undergone numerous refinements over the last 100 years. The introduction of the endoscope have revolutionized pituitary surgery. The aim of this study is to report the results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing pituitary surgery using a pure endoscopic endonasal approach and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. We reviewed the data of 228 consecutive patients who underwent endonasal transsphenoidal adenoma removal over an 10-year period. Pre- and post-operative hormonal status (at least 3 months after surgery) were analyzed and compared with clinical parameters presented by the patients. Tumor removal rate, endocrinological outcomes, and complications were retrospectively assessed in 228 patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent 251 procedures between December 1998 and December 2007. There were 93 nonfunctioning adenomas, 58 growth hormone-secreting, 41 prolactin-secreting, 28 adrenocorticotropin hormone secreting, 7 FSH-LH secreting and 1 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas. Gross total removal was achieved in 79.3% of the cases after a median follow-up of 61.5 months. The remission results for patients with nonfunctioning adenomas was 83% and for functioning adenomas were 76.3% (70.6% for GH hormone-secreting, 85.3% for prolactin hormone-secreting, 71.4% for ACTH hormone-secreting, 85.7% for FSH-LH hormone-secreting and 100% for TSH hormone-secreting), with no recurrence at the time of the last follow-up. Post-operative complications were present in 35 (13.9%) cases. The most frequent complications were temporary and permanent diabetes insipidus (six and two cases, respectively), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (two cases) and CSF leaks (eight cases). There was no death related to the procedure in this series. The endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of pituitary adenomas, provides acceptable results representing a safe alternative procedure to the microscopic approach. This less invasive method, associated with a small number of complications, provides excellent tumor removal rates and represents an important tool for the achievement of good results in the pituitary surgery, mainly for the complete removal of large adenomas.     

Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience

The proportion of the elderly in the population is increasing, and the appreciation and management of medical problems in this age group will therefore become more important. We therefore decided to determine the clinical features and types of pituitary tumour presenting in the elderly, and to examine the treatment and outcome in this group. We conducted a retrospective case-note review from a specialist endocrine and neurosurgical unit in a tertiary referral centre. Eighty-four patients aged 65 years and over on diagnosis of a pituitary tumour were referred to the unit between 1975 and 1996. There were 45 males and 39 females, and the mean age was 72.4 years (range 65-86). Over half of the pituitary lesions were non-functioning adenomas (NFAs) (60.7%). GH-secreting tumours were present in 11 (13.1%) and macroprolactinomas in 7 (8.1%). Four patients had microadenomas and 17 had miscellaneous pituitary-related lesions. Visual deterioration was the commonest mode of presentation in 33 (39.3%), but 54 (64.3%) had evidence of visual impairment on detailed examination. Despite the majority of patients (80.8%) having coexisting medical conditions, trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed in 60 (71.4%) and was well tolerated with a zero peri- and post-operative mortality rate, and post-operative complications in 11 (13.1%). Pituitary tumours in the elderly are most frequently NFAs that present with visual deterioration and hypopituitarism. The fact that 46.5% were pan-hypopituitary on diagnosis and that 64.3% of patients had visual impairment suggests a delay in diagnosis in this age group. Despite significant coexisting medical pathology in this large series of patients, surgery was safe and successful in the majority.     

垂体促甲状腺素分泌瘤20例临床分析

 目的 通过分析垂体促甲状腺素(TSH)分泌瘤的临床和影像学资料,了解其临床特点、治疗手段及治疗后的临床转归。 方法 分析复旦大学附属华山医院2006年至2013年住院的20例垂体TSH分泌瘤患者的临床表现、激素水平、影像学检查以及治疗后的随访结果。 结果 20例患者的年龄为(40.0±14.5)岁,病程1个月~15年。13例(65%)患者表现为甲状腺毒症及甲状腺肿,9例(45%)患者出现颅内占位压迫所致的临床表现。所有患者均具备游离T₃、游离T₄升高伴TSH不被抑制以及影像学垂体瘤征象。20例患者经手术、生长抑素类似物、放射治疗等综合治疗后,18例患者甲状腺功能恢复正常,肿瘤缩小且稳定,1例患者复发,1例患者失访。 结论 垂体TSH分泌瘤患者主要表现为甲状腺毒症及垂体瘤征象,临床以手术和生长抑素类似物为一线治疗,辅以放射治疗,预后较佳。     

老年人垂体腺瘤的手术治疗

目的：探讨显微外科治疗老年人垂体腺瘤的临床综合疗效，以选择对该类型肿瘤的最佳手术方法。方法：回顾性分析显微手术治疗的老年人垂体腺瘤190例，将其分为经蝶手术组和经颅手术组，对肿瘤的手术切除率、术后并发症、术后随访进行对比分析。结果：经蝶组158例，肿瘤全切除112例(71．0％)，次全切除30例，部分切除16例；经颅组32例，全切除8例(25．0％)，次全切除16例，部分切除8例。经蝶组住院时间短，治疗费用较少，手术后生活质量较高。结论：经蝶显微手术可作为大多数老年垂体腺瘤患者的首选手术方法。     

垂体肿瘤239例临床特征分析

目的 探讨垂体瘤的临床特征及治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析福建省立医院自1994年1月至2007年6月间收住的239例垂体瘤患者的临床资料.结果 239例垂体腺瘤中,男性93例(38.9%),女性146例(61.1%).诊断时的平均年龄为(43.8±14.9)岁(范围为3.9～77岁).依据临床表现、影像学及内分泌检查、免疫组织化学染色所示,催乳素瘤为最常见的肿瘤(26.8%).手术治疗179例(74.9%),其中经蝶入路108例(60.3%),经额入路71例(39.7%),非手术治疗及随访者60例(25.1%).结论 垂体瘤可表现为内分泌异常、神经系统症状或其他原因行MRI意外发现;催乳素瘤为最常见的肿瘤.     

Pituitary apoplexy : Association of degenerative change in pituitary adenoma with radiotherapy and detection by cerebral computed tomography

In 14 of 300 patients with pituitary adenoma, apoplexy developed with pathologic evidence of hemorrhagic necrosis and cystic change in the tumor. In five patients, apoplexy was the initial manifestation; in eight patients, it was associated with radiotherapy. In 12 other patients with pituitary tumors, sudden clinical deterioration occurred; they had predominantly cystic tumors with minor foci of hemorrhagic necrosis. In five patients, this was associated with radiotherapy. Degenerative hemorrhagic, necrotic and cystic changes occur frequently in pituitary tumors and radiation may be potentially dangerous in these cases. To avoid precipitating episodes of sudden visual and neurologic deterioration, prior aspiration and biopsy may be performed through transphenoidal approach in those with intrasellar tumors, whereas in those with extrasellar tumors, cerebral computed tomographic scan may define pathologic features of the pituitary adenoma.