PMA特异性抑制K562细胞BCR/ABL和FynmRNA的表达

目的: 研究12-肉豆蔻酸-13-乙酸佛波酯(PMA)对K562细胞BCR/ABL与Fyn mRNA表达的影响及两者之间的关系。方法: 1~250 μg/L PMA刺激K562细胞 24 h后,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测各组BCR/ABL和Fyn mRNA的水平。结果: PMA明显抑制BCR/ABL和Fyn mRNA的水平,该下调作用均具有显著的量效关系,且BCR/ABL和Fyn的mRNA表达水平下调表现出明显的相关性。比较刺激Molt-4细胞株的结果, PMA抑制作用具有细胞选择性。K562细胞株经诱导后出现伪足样的形态改变。结论: PMA通过抑制BCR/ABL融合基因的转录下调Fyn转录水平。     

二氢青蒿素对K562细胞BCR/ABL融合基因表达的影响及意义

目的 探讨二氢青蒿素( dihydroartemisinin,DHA)对白血病细胞K562 BCR/ABL融合基因表达的影响及意义.方法 采用噻唑蓝比色方法检测不同浓度的DHA对于K562细胞的增殖抑制作用,并计算不同培养时间点的抑制率.用逆转录PCR检测K562细胞处理前后BCR/ABL融合基因的表达变化,流式细胞仪检测K562细胞的凋亡情况.结果 DHA(10～160 μmol/L)能抑制K562细胞的增殖,随着浓度增加抑制作用明显增强,培养24 h后抑制率从52.76％增加到94.65％;用浓度为20μmol/L的DHA对K562细胞作用12～48 h后,逆转录PCR检测BCR/ABL融合基因表达,△Ct值为4.45±0.25和5.23±0.21.与对照组(4.23±0.21)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 DHA可通过影响BCR/ABL融合基因的表达抑制K562细胞的增殖.这可能是导致K562细胞凋亡的原因之一.     

阿霉素对K562细胞凋亡及FAK mRNA的影响

目的探讨阿霉素体外作用于K562细胞后,观察其对细胞增殖的影响,促进细胞凋亡情况,以及调节细胞周期和粘着斑激酶（FAK）mRNA基因,进一步探讨通过调控FAK表达,研究抗白血病的作用机制。方法应用细胞增殖实验（CCK8法）观察不同浓度阿霉素作用不同时间对K562细胞增殖的影响,应用流式细胞仪观察不同浓度阿霉素对K562细胞细胞凋亡,细胞周期的影响,应用RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测不同浓度阿霉素作用对K562细胞36h后FAK mRNA以及蛋白表达水平的变化。结果随着阿霉素浓度增加及作用时间延长,K562细胞的增殖抑制率逐渐升高,同一时间不同浓度之间比较,或者同一浓度不同时间组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;阿霉素能引起K562细胞凋亡,且随着药物浓度增加,凋亡率也逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;阿霉素能引起K562细胞周期阻滞,多停留在S期;阿霉素能引起K562细胞FAK mRNA表达显著降低。阿霉素能引起K562细胞FAK蛋白表达水平的降低。结论阿霉素抑制分裂期细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡增加,对细胞FAK基因和蛋白水平均显著下调,为进一步研究FAK基因表达的调控与肿瘤细胞凋亡的分子机制提供了实验基础。     

Gene expression analysis of BCR/ABL1-dependent transcriptional response reveals enrichment for genes involved in negative feedback regulation

Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemia is characterized by the BCR/ABL1 fusion protein that affects a wide range of signal transduction pathways. The knowledge about its downstream target genes is, however, still quite limited. To identify novel BCR/ABL1-regulated genes we used global gene expression profiling of several Ph-positive and Ph-negative cell lines treated with imatinib. Following imatinib treatment, the Ph-positive cells showed decreased growth, viability, and reduced phosphorylation of BCR/ABL1 and STAT5. In total, 142 genes were identified as being dependent on BCR/ABL1-mediated signaling, mainly including genes involved in signal transduction, e.g. the JAK/STAT, MAPK, TGFB, and insulin signaling pathways, and in regulation of metabolism. Interestingly, BCR/ABL1 was found to activate several genes involved in negative feedback regulation (CISH, SOCS2, SOCS3, PIM1, DUSP6, and TNFAIP3), which may act to indirectly suppress the tumor promoting effects exerted by BCR/ABL1. In addition, several genes identified as deregulated upon BCR/ABL1 expression could be assigned to the TGFB and NFkB signaling pathways, as well as to reflect the metabolic adjustments needed for rapidly growing cells. Apart from providing important pathogenetic insights into BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis, the present study also provides a number of pathways/individual genes that may provide attractive targets for future development of targeted therapies. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat.     

20(R)人参皂甙Rg3逆转K562/ADM细胞MDR及诱导其凋亡的研究

目的　观察抗癌新药 2 0 (R) 人参皂甙Rg3(2 0 (R) ginsenoside ,Rg3)对K5 6 2 /ADM多耐药细胞株逆转MDR机制。方法　应用MTT法确定ADM和Rg3的细胞毒 ;用荧光分光光度仪测定K5 6 2 /ADM细胞内阿霉素 (Adriamycin ,ADM )的浓度 ;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和表达P 170糖蛋白 (P glycoprotein ,Pgp)的K5 6 2 /ADM的细胞含量。 结果　 (1)K5 6 2 /ADM细胞对阿霉素 (Adriamycin ,ADM )的抗性比K5 6 2细胞高 11倍 ,但两者对Rg3的IC50 分别为 11 76± 0 33μg/ml、10 4 9± 0 30 μg/ml,无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。(2 )无毒剂量和低毒剂量的Rg3能显著提高K5 6 2 /ADM细胞内ADM的浓度 ,使该细胞对ADM的敏感性明显提高。 (3)Rg3对K5 6 2 /ADM细胞有较强的抑制生长和诱导凋亡作用 ,并有时间和浓度依赖性。(4)Rg3对表达P 170糖蛋白的K5 6 2 /ADM细胞的百分含量无显著性影响。结论　 2 0 (R) 人参皂甙Rg3不仅是抑制肿瘤生长和转移的抗瘤剂 ,也是一种有效的MDR逆转剂和细胞凋亡诱导剂     

Inverse relationship between p53 and phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) protein expression in UVB-induced skin tumors in SKH-1 mice

Immunohistochemical evaluation of serial stored paraffin sections from 42 keratoacanthomas and 11 squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated that skin tumors from UVB-exposed mice showed an inverse relationship (> 95%) between p53 protein expression and phospho-Chk1 (Ser317), but not phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) protein expression. Tumors expressing high levels and large areas of p53 protein had no detectable phospho-Chk1 (Ser317), whereas tumors expressing high levels and large areas of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) protein had no detectable p53. Squamous cell carcinomas that demonstrated heterogeneous p53 and phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) protein expression within the same tumor showed that areas expressing p53 were negative for phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) immunostaining while areas expressing phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) were negative for p53. Similar patterns were observed for keratoacanthomas. These findings were also observed in epidermal areas distant from tumors that demonstrated no detectable phospho-Chk1 (Ser317), but appreciable p53 protein in the basal layer. Tumors from congenic hairless p53 knockout mice had elevated levels of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) compared to tumors from p53 wild-type SKH-1 controls. After a single exposure to UVB, normal epidermal cells from a p53 knockout mouse expressed a relatively high level of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) whereas epidermal cells from a p53 wild-type littermate induced p53 protein and expressed a relatively low level of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317). These data illustrate the dynamic regulation of checkpoint function, suggesting that phosphorylation of Chk1 on Serine 317 is regulated by p53 status and that p53 may act as a molecular on/off switch for phosphorylation at this site.     

AngiostatinK（1—3）基因真核表达载体的构建,鉴定和表达

构建携带人ａｎｇｉｏｓｔａｔｉｎＫ（１－３）ｃＤＮＡ的真核表达载体,并将其在体外培养的脑胶质瘤细胞中表达。方法将带有分泌信号的ａｎｇｉｏｓｔａｔｉｎＫ（１－３）ｃＤＮＡ克隆入真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３,构建ＣＭＶ启动子控制的载体ｐｃＤ－ＮＡ－ＳＡＫ（１０３）,采用酶切鉴定结果。     

NPM1突变基因调控K562白血病细胞侵袭表型的相关机制

目的 探讨CXCR4、Angs在NPM1突变参与调控的白血病细胞浸润转移中的作用,以期进一步明确NPM1突变在白血病浸润转移中的调控机制.方法 通过基因转染构建稳定表达NPM1突变蛋白的K562白血病细胞株(K562-mA).qRT-PCR检测各组细胞CXCR4、Ang-1/2的mRNA表达水平;Western免疫印迹...     

Boron supplementation inhibits the growth and local expression of IGF-1 in human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) tumors in nude mice

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease and one of the most abundant proteins secreted by the human prostate epithelium. PSA is used as a well-established marker of prostate cancer. The involvement of PSA in several early events leading to the development of malignant prostate tumors has made it a target for prevention and intervention. It is thought that PSA cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), providing increased local levels of IGF-1, leading to tumor growth. Separately, there are data that suggest an enzymatic regulatory role for dietary boron, which is a serine protease inhibitor. In this study we have addressed the use of boric acid as a PSA inhibitor in an animal study. We have previously reported that low concentrations (6 ug/mL) of boric acid can partially inhibit the proteolytic activity of purified PSA towards a synthetic fluorogenic substrate. Also, by Western blot we have followed the degradation of fibronectin by enzymatically active PSA and have found significant inhibition in the presence of boric acid. We proposed that dietary supplementation with boric acid would inhibit PSA and reduce the development and proliferation of prostate carcinomas in an animal model. We tested this hypothesis using nude mice implanted subcutaneously with LNCaP cells in Matrigel. Two groups (10 animals/group) were dosed with boric acid solutions (1.7, 9.0 mgB/kg/day) by gavage. Control group received only water. Tumor sizes were measured weekly for 8 weeks. Serum PSA and IGF-1 levels were determined at terminal sacrifice. The size of tumors was decreased in mice exposed to the low and high dose of boric acid by 38% and 25%, respectively. Serum PSA levels decreased by 88.6% and 86.4%, respectively, as compared to the control group. There were morphological differences between the tumors in control and boron-dosed animals, including a significantly lower incidence of mitotic figures in the boron-supplemented groups. Circulating IGF-1 levels were not different among groups, though expression of IGF-1 in the tumors was markedly reduced by boron treatment, which we have shown by immunohistochemistry. These data indicate that low-level dietary boron supplementation reduced tumor size and content of a tumor trophic factor, IGF-1.This promising model is being evaluated in further studies.     

Imatinib resistance in a novel translocation der(17)t(1;17)(q25;p13) with loss of TP53 but without BCR/ABL kinase domain mutation in chronic myelogenous leukemia

We describe here two novel translocations, t(7;14)(p22;q13) and der(17)t(1;17)(q25;p13), in a 41-year-old man with an accelerated phase (AP) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Chromosome analysis initially showed 46,XY,t(7;14)(p13;q22),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)[20]. In 3 years, the karyotype evolved to 45,X,−Y,der(7)t(7;14)(p13;q22),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2),−14,der(17)t(1;17)(q25;p13),+der(22)t(9;22)[20], accompanied with a resistance to imatinib mesylate. The TP53 was deleted from the der(17)t(1;17)(q25;p13), but there was no mutation of TP53 in the remaining allele. Mutations in the BCR/ABL kinase domain could not be detected as well. Morphologically, dysplastic changes including pseudo-Pelger–Huët anomaly appeared in the bone marrow cells. These findings suggest that the t(7;14)(p22;q13) translocation had a crucial role in the progression to CML-AP, and that the resistance to imatinib may be due to the additional cytogenetic abnormalities, including der(17)t(1;17)(q25;p13), but not to BCR/ABL mutations.     

Expression and Functions of P-glycoprotein (mdr 1 gene product) in Normal and Malignant Tissues

This paper describes the cellular and tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) (mdrl gene product), the role of P-GP in vivo and immunodiagnosis of multi-drug-resistant cancers. We mainly used MRK 16 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with P-GP. P-GP was found to be expressed very strongly in the adrenal cortex of adults and strongly in the renal tubules of the kidney, capillary blood vessels of the brain, and also in placenta. Interestingly, P-GP was not distributed in fetal and neonatal adrenals, and thus may be closely related to adrenal maturation. A high level of P GP expression was also seen in all cases of functional hormone producing adrenal tumor, one case of insulinoma, two cases of untreated colonic cancer, one case each of untreated lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer, six cases of renal cell carcinoma and 17 cases of bladder cancer. Using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the reactivity of MRK 16 MAb with peripheral human mononuclear cells (mainly blastic cells and lymphocytes) from 31 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. Reactivity with MRK 16 MAb was observed in five cases. Some cases reflected the prior administration of adriamycin, vincristine and VP 16, which are known to induce P GP expression. P GP MRK 16 protein A-Sepha-rose complex derived from human adrenal possessed marked ATPase activity. These data suggest that P-GP may play a physiological role in the human adrenal. Finally, diagnostic criteria of multi-drug-resistant cancers are presented.     

Expression and functions of P-glycoprotein (mdr1 gene product) in normal and malignant tissues

This paper describes the cellular and tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) (mdr1 gene product), the role of P-GP in vivo and immunodiagnosis of multi-drug-resistant cancers. We mainly used MRK 16 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with P-GP. P-GP was found to be expressed very strongly in the adrenal cortex of adults and strongly in the renal tubules of the kidney, capillary blood vessels of the brain, and also in placenta. Interestingly, P-GP was not distributed in fetal and neonatal adrenals, and thus may be closely related to adrenal maturation. A high level of P-GP expression was also seen in all cases of functional hormone-producing adrenal tumor, one case of insulinoma, two cases of untreated colonic cancer, one case each of untreated lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer, six cases of renal cell carcinoma and 17 cases of bladder cancer. Using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the reactivity of MRK 16 MAb with peripheral human mononuclear cells (mainly blastic cells and lymphocytes) from 31 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. Reactivity with MRK 16 MAb was observed in five cases. Some cases reflected the prior administration of adriamycin, vincristine and VP-16, which are known to induce P-GP expression. P-GP-MRK 16-protein A-Sepharose complex derived from human adrenal possessed marked ATPase activity. These data suggest that P-GP may play a physiological role in the human adrenal. Finally, diagnostic criteria of multi-drug-resistant cancers are presented.     

用原子力显微镜表征K562/A02细胞Mdr1基因DNA的实验研究

目的:运用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)表征K562/A02细胞多药耐药基因Mdr1启动子区域的DNA。材料与方法:PCR扩增K562/A02细胞Mdr1基因启动子区域769bp的DNA,产物纯化后,分别按终浓度为5ng/μl、10ng/μl、20ng/μl固定在用1ng/μlL型多聚赖氨酸预先处理过的新剥离的云母片制备成观测样本。原子力显微镜观测样本,获取扫描图像后追踪DNA分子轮廓,进行模数分析。结果:用原子力显微镜能够成功地表征K562/A02mdr1基因启动子区域769bp的DNA片段,获得清晰的二维及三维图像。我们推测原子力显微镜观测该长度的DNA样本的最佳浓度为10ng/ul左右,在此浓度下对其三维图像进行图像处理后分析的DNA分子轮廓结果如下:DNA分子链的长度为(260.13±2.29)nm(n=50),平均宽度为(11.88±0.92)nm,双链的平均高度为1.2nm。结论:原子力显微镜能够成功地表征K562/A02细胞Mdr1基因启动子区域的DNA,获得清晰的二维及三维图象,并且能够直观地分析DNA轮廓,为进一步在分子层面上探讨研究Mdr1基因遗传信息提供了一种新的简单、直观、可靠的方法。     

Spontaneous tumors in aging (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)F1 (B6C3F1) mice

Spontaneous tumors in untreated (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)F1 (B6C3F1) mice used as controls in carcinogenicity tests were recorded. In both sexes, the development of spontaneous tumors was age-related. In 244 male mice, the most common tumors were hyperplastic nodules of the liver, hepatocellular carcinomas, malignant lymphomas/leukemias, lung adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. In 246 female mice, the most common tumors were malignant lymphomas/leukemias, pituitary adenomas, neoplastic nodules of the liver, hepatocellular carcinomas, and lung adenomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas metastasized in 20.3% of the animals with these tumors. Few other tumors except malignant lymphomas and leukemias metastasized. Various tumors of other organs and/or tissues were found at low incidences.