Massive Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Causing Left Main Coronary Artery Compression in the Absence of Pulmonary Hypertension

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with classic symptoms of stable angina. Cardiac images and catheterization results revealed absent pulmonary valve syndrome and compression of the left main coronary artery by a massively dilated pulmonary artery aneurysm. The patient''s anginal symptoms were relieved after pulmonary arterioplasty.Others have described proximal left main coronary artery compression in the presence of a dilated and hypertensive pulmonary artery. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a pulmonary artery aneurysm caused left main coronary insufficiency in the absence of pulmonary hypertension—a clinically important complication of congenital pulmonary valve-related pulmonary arteriopathy.     

Anatomic Repair of Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia: Coronary Ostioplasty With Autologous Pulmonary Artery

BackgroundLeft main coronary arterial (LMCA) atresia is a rare coronary arterial anomaly with extremely limited data on the optimal management. We aimed to report our single-surgeon experience of the ostioplasty in patients with LMCA atresia.MethodsFrom July 2018 to December 2019, pediatric patients who presented with LMCA atresia and subsequently underwent surgical coronary ostioplasty were recruited into this retrospective study. Concomitant mitral repair was applied when the regurgitation was moderate or more severe.ResultsA total of 9 patients diagnosed with LMCA atresia were included. Mitral regurgitation was found in all of them, including 6 (66.7%) severe, 1 (11.1%) moderate, and 2 (22.2%) mild. In addition to ischemic lesions, which were found in 7 (77.8%) patients, structural mitral problems were also common (presented in 7 [77.8%] patients). All the patients underwent coronary ostioplasty with autologous pulmonary arterial patch augmenting the anterior wall of the neo-ostium. Mean aortic cross clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time was 88.1 ± 18.9 and 124.6 ± 23.6 minutes, respectively. During a median of 10.9 (range: 3.3 to 17.2) months' follow-up, there was only 1 death at 5 months after surgery. All survivors were recovered uneventfully with normal left-ventricular function; however, with 4 (50.0%) having significant recurrence of mitral regurgitation.ConclusionsWith favourable surgical outcomes, coronary ostioplasty for LMCA atresia may be an option of revascularization. Structural mitral problems presented in majority patients, resulting in the requirement of concomitant mitral repair. However, the optimal technique of mitral repair remains unclear.     

冠状动脉左主干病变介入治疗

冠状动脉左主干病变的介入治疗具有挑战性。现从冠状动脉左主干的解剖特点、冠状动脉左主干病变的病因形成、左主干病变的诊断、左主干病变的治疗、左主干病变支架术的适应证和禁忌证、器械选择、治疗策略等进行了详细的阐述。对于存在冠脉旁路移植术禁忌证、拒绝外科治疗或经严格选择的左心功能正常的无保护左主干病变的病人,冠脉支架置入术是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

Revascularization of Left Main Coronary Artery

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease affect 5–7% of patient undergoing coronary angiography and is associated with multivessel CAD in 70% of the cases. Untreated significant LMCA disease is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. CABG is the traditional therapy for revascularization in LMCA disease. PCI is a reasonable alternative mainly in patients with high surgical risk or other specific factors. Drug-eluting stents, improved antiplatelet therapeutic options, atherectomy techniques, IVUS-guidance and improved operator experience have all contributed to the observed improvement in clinical outcomes. Given the large number of variables involved in deciding between PCI and CABG, a heart team should make decisions regarding revascularization of LMCA disease.     

Extrinsic Compression of Left Main Coronary Artery by the Pulmonary Trunk Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension Documented Using 64‐Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography

Compression of left main coronary artery (LMCA) secondary to pulmonary trunk dilatation is a newly recognized entity that has been associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. In this paper we present a case of extrinsic compression of LMCA caused by dilated pulmonary trunk secondary to pulmonary hypertension documented using 64‐slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography. This case is followed by a review of the literature. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Congenital Giant Right Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula and Congenital Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia: A Case Report

Both of congenital giant RCA, RCA to PA fistula, and CLMCA-A are one of exceedingly rare vascular abnormalities. We present the case of a 34-year-old man with multiple congenital coronary anomalies above, and a successful surgical intervention was proceeded for our patient.This is a case of a 34-year-old man presented with apical systolic murmur and exertional chest pain. Furthermore, a dilated left heart and abnormal pulmonary blood flow was observed in this patient. Coronary CTA and selective CAG showed a 15-mm diameter RCA with a fistula to pulmonary trunk and CLMCA-A. During cardiac surgery, the coronary abnormalities were confirmed and the outlet of the fistula was closed. After surgery, less chest pain, respiratory infection, and left heart failure were observed in this patient.This case illustrates that the surgery of closing the fistula between the giant RCA and pulmonary trunk could improve the symptoms and signs for this patient. It could be predicted that simplified operation could be a promising therapy for patient with giant RCA to PA fistula and CLMCA-A. Moreover, CABG should be taken full account of when myocardial ischemia was found in the blood-supply area of LAD.     

Aneurysm of the Left Main Coronary Artery

Aneurysms of the left main coronary artery are rare; the estimated incidence is < 0.1%. They are usually associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and are incidental discoveries at the time of cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of cardiac symptoms. This report describes the clinical course of a patient with an isolated left main coronary artery aneurysm and generalized atherosclerosis.     

Left Ventricular Tachycardia Originating Near the Left Main Coronary Artery

Eight patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent mapping and radiofrequency ablation. Mapping showed VT originating in the high posterolateral left ventricular outflow tract in proximity to the left main and proximal circumflex coronary arteries. Ablation was not attempted due to this proximity to the left main and proximal circumflex coronary arteries. Ablation was not attempted due to this proximity in 2 patients and limited in 1 patient. It was successful in VT suppression in 5 of 6 patients.     

“Treat-Repair-Treat”: Management of Left Main Coronary Compression by a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Significant Pulmonary Hypertension

Left main coronary compression syndrome (LMCS) may complicate pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA), usually developed in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with an atrial septal defect (unsuitable for device closure) complicated by a PAA generating a 90% left main stenosis. The significant PAH held us back from immediate surgery. After specific dual PAH-targeted therapy (sildenafil and bosentan), the atrial septal defect could be closed with a unidirectional valved patch; the PAA-induced LMCS was treated by reductive arterioplasty. The postoperative course was uneventful. Follow-up showed clinical improvement, but PAH treatment was still needed. After three months, coronary angiography showed only an insignificant residual left main stenosis, proving that reductive pulmonary arterioplasty was effective in treating LMCS. Any PAA requires further evaluation for LMCS, a dangerous but treatable complication. The “treat-repair-treat” strategy and shunt-closure with a unidirectional valved patch can both improve surgical prospects of LMCS with shunt-related PAH.     

左主干病变的介入治疗

冠状动脉旁路术曾是无保护左主干病变的标准治疗,随着经皮冠状动脉介入治疗技术的进步,介入治疗已成为左主干病变的一种有效治疗手段。进一步规范患者的选择,科学选择治疗策略及相关器械有助于提高左主干病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的有效性及安全性。如何加强患者的定期随访、抗血小板治疗反应性的监测是亟待解决的问题。     

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis

Background

The present study performed a meta-analysis of randomized and prospective trials to compare the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) for unprotected left main coronary artery (UPLM) stenosis.

冠状动脉左主干病变的心电图表现

冠状动脉左主干负责左心室大部分的心肌供血,左主干严重狭窄或闭塞易引起心脏突发事件.心电图作为一个方便、广泛使用的诊断方法,对于早期预测左主干病变并尽早采取治疗措施有重要意义.