经导管消融治疗发生于肥厚梗阻性心肌病患者的阵发性心房颤动

目的报道经导管消融治疗发生于肥厚梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的初步结果。方法6例HOCM患者,均伴有发作频繁、症状明显并且抗心律失常药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤,其中男性4例,女性2例,年龄43~66(53·8±8·8)岁。在三维电解剖标测和同侧肺静脉环状标测联合指导下行环绕两侧肺静脉的线性消融。消融终点为双侧肺静脉的电学隔离。结果6例患者术中均达到消融终点。1例于术后第2个月时因复发房性心动过速(房速)而接受了第2次环肺静脉线性消融治疗。随访4~14(9·2±3·4)个月后,6例患者均未再发作房颤,其中4例未服用任何抗心律失常药物,2例需口服胺碘酮治疗。无任何操作相关并发症。结论对于发生于HOCM患者的阵发性房颤,如果抗心律失常药物治疗无效,三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术是一项可供选择的治疗措施。     

三维标测指导心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融130例分析

目的:探讨三维标测系统指导下行心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉线性消融的临床效果。方法:2006年6月至2009年8月对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的130例房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访3个月症状性快速性房性心律失常消失视为成功。结果:129例(99.2%)实现肺静脉电隔离,阵发性房颤消融成功率为84.5%,持续性、永久性单次房颤消融成功率71.1%。严重并发症包括心脏压塞1例,心包穿刺引流后痊愈;肺栓塞1例,治疗后康复;无死亡病例。结论:三维标测指导下心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融是安全、有效的。     

环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗100例心房颤动临床评价

目的探讨三维标测系统和单环状标测电极指导下行环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和有效性。方法自2004年4月至2005年1月共对连续100例症状明显、发作频繁、抗心律失常药物治疗无效的房颤患者进行了在CARTO系统(76例)或EnSite-NavX系统(24例)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术,消融终点为双侧肺静脉的彻底电学隔离。结果100例患者共完成200个环形消融环,肺静脉电学隔离率为95.0%。操作时间150～365(240±65)min,X线时间为23～61(37±12)min。其中8例(8.0%)复发患者接受了再次导管消融。随访5.5～12(10.2±5.7)个月,累计无房性快速心律失常率为85.0%。术后1、2、3、4、5、6个月时无房性快速心律失常率分别为66.0%、82.0%、87.0%、85.0%、85.0%、88.6%。并发症包括1例心脏压塞,经保守治疗后康复,1例患者出现无症状性肺静脉狭窄。结论在三维标测系统指导下,环肺静脉线性消融电学隔离肺静脉治疗房颤安全有效。     

三维标测指导下环肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动临床疗效分析

目的 评价三维标测系统(CARTO,ENSITE3000)指导下心房颤动导管射频消融治疗的近期疗效和安全性.方法 阵发性心房颤动患者38例,男性22例,女性16例,年龄32～75(63±12)岁.在三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电位消失,术后口服华法林及抗心律失常药物3个月,术后1,3,6...     

阵发性心房颤动患者环肺静脉消融疗效及空白期房性心律失常对术后复发的预测价值

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下阵发性心房颤动(房颤)患者环肺静脉线性消融疗效及空白期房性心律失常对术后复发的预测价值。方法选择60例阵发性房颤患者,均进行双侧环肺静脉线性消融治疗,术后长期观察和随访,对比观察空白早期(术后1个月)、空白晚期(术后2~3个月)和空白期后(3个月)房性心律失常复发情况。结果 60例患者均成功进行环肺静脉隔离,仅1例术中发生迷走反射。空白早期复发房颤20例,空白期后有13例未再发作;空白晚期复发房颤17例,空白期后有16例仍发作。空白晚期复发预测术后复发敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性均较空白早期高(88.9%vs 38.9%、97.6%vs 69.0%、94.1%vs 35.0%、95.3%vs72.5%和95.0%vs 60.0%)。18例复发患者中,发作时症状明显患者较术前减少(33.3%vs 88.9%),抗心律失常药物治疗有效患者较术前增加(66.7%vs 16.7%),房颤发作频度下降,持续时间缩短(P0.05)。结论三维标测系统指导下对阵发性房颤患者环肺静脉消融治疗安全有效,空白晚期复发预测房颤消融术后复发的价值较高。     

非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动

目的:探讨非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和临床疗效。方法:药物治疗无效或不能耐受的房颤患者25例,采用非接触三维标测系统建立左心房、肺静脉的三维等时电势图和电解剖图,并在距离肺静脉口1~2cm处行环肺静脉及其周围组织电隔离。消融终点为:①完成所有环肺静脉消融径线;②全部肺静脉均达电隔离;③阴性诱发结果。结果:①25例患者均达到消融终点;②手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为(161.3±23.2)min和(38.0±6.8)min;③随访4~12个月,18例(72.0%)无房颤发作;7例(28.0%)有房颤复发,其中2例因其发作次数及时间均较术前明显减少未再消融,用胺碘酮治疗可控制(术前胺碘酮治疗无效),5例行第2次消融,术中均发现肺静脉电位有不同程度的恢复,第2次术后3例无再发,2例仍有房颤发作但未再消融,用胺碘酮治疗可控制。④术中及随访期间无任何与操作相关的并发症。结论:非接触三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉电隔离是治疗房颤有效而安全的方法。     

三维标测指导下心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融的效果评价

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下行心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉线性消融的安全性和有效性。方法2003年4月至2006年3月对首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院收治的410例房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统或EnSiteNavXTM系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访成功的定义为经3个月的洗脱期无症状性快速性房性心律失常发生。结果394例实现肺静脉电隔离(96%),平均随访(12.4±6.8)个月,阵发性房颤单次消融成功率为77.3%(221/286),持续性、永久性单次房颤消融成功率69.4%(86/124),后者成功率显著低于前者(P=0.006)。103例复发患者中41例接受再次消融,再次消融成功率为75.6%(31/41)。严重并发症包括心脏压塞4例(0.97%),心包穿刺引流后痊愈;脑卒中3例(0.73%),治疗后无肢体运动障碍,日常生活无影响;无死亡病例。结论三维标测指导下心房颤动环肺静脉线性消融是安全、有效的。     

对射频消融术后心房颤动复发患者在三维标测系统指导下再次手术治疗

目的探讨射频消融术后心房颤动(房颤)复发的原因及再次手术对房颤的影响。方法入选随访3个月以上自觉症状较术前无好转、心电图证实仍有房颤发作的患者,于三维标测系统指导下行电生理研究及环肺静脉线性消融术,手术终点为环肺静脉消融线的完整及肺静脉的彻底电学隔离。所有患者再次手术后随访至少4个月,观察再次射频消融治疗对复发房性心律失常的影响。结果总计23例复发患者在2005年2月以前入院接受再次手术治疗,占同期复发患者的51.1%(2345)。其中13例首次手术时消融策略为节段性肺静脉消融(SPVA),另外10例为环肺静脉线性消融(CPVA),慢性持续性房颤患者占56.5%(1323)。首次手术为节段性肺静脉消融者肺静脉左心房电传导恢复率(以每根肺静脉为单位计算)为92.3%(4852),而首次接受环肺静脉线性消融术者肺静脉左心房电传导恢复率(以每根肺静脉计算)为75.0%(3040)。手术中见首次接受节段性肺静脉消融术的患者再次手术的手术时间、X线时间及放电时间均较长,与首次接受环肺静脉线性消融术的患者相比差异具有统计学意义。再次手术后平均随访4.2±3.5(4.0～9.0)个月,累计无房性快速心律失常率为82.6%(1923)。结论肺静脉左心房电传导恢复是多数房颤患者复发的原因;三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融术用于治疗复发患者同样安全有效。     

三维标测与肺静脉环状标测联合应用于心房颤动导管消融术

目的　探讨左心房三维电解剖标测与肺静脉环状标测联合指导下行心房颤动 (房颤 )导管消融术治疗房颤的可行性。方法　连续 14例药物治疗无效的房颤患者 ,男 10例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 5 2 4± 12 8(2 8～ 74 )岁 ,平均左心房内径 4 6 7± 5 4mm。其中阵发性房颤 10例、永久性房颤 3例、持续性房颤 1例。首先在三维标测系统指导下行左心房基质改良术 ,然后在肺静脉环状标测指导下行肺静脉节段性消融术。消融终点包括以下三点 :(1)完成所有预设的左心房消融径线 ;(2 )全部肺静脉均达电隔离 ;(3)阴性诱发结果。结果　 (1) 10例 (71 4 % )阵发性房颤达到消融终点 ;(2 )手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为 2 92± 4 9min和 5 4± 9min ;(3)随访 5 2± 5 7(1～ 2 3)周 ,7例 (5 0 % )阵发性房颤患者可以无需抗心律失常药物而维持窦性心律 ,3例 (2 1 4 % )阵发性房颤发作显著减少 ,4例 (2 8 6 % )持续性 永久性房颤仍为房颤 ;(4 )术中及随访期无任何操作相关并发症。结论　左心房三维标测与肺静脉环状标测联合应用于房颤的导管消融术安全可行 ,对于左心房增大的阵发性房颤患者具有一定效果     

双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性隔离术治疗心房颤动

目的在双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下环肺静脉线性消融并彻底隔离肺静脉以治疗心房颤动(简称房颤)。方法28例房颤患者接受射频消融治疗,其中阵发性房颤12例,持续性房颤16例。所有患者首先利用三维电解剖标测系统(CARTO)进行左房重建,然后将两根Lasso导管同时置入右(左)上下肺静脉内,在肺静脉口外0.5~1cm左右行环肺静脉线性消融,消融终点为左房-肺静脉完全性传导阻滞。结果28例均电隔离成功,肺静脉完成隔离后,共86.6%(97/112)的肺静脉内可见缓慢自律性电活动。手术时间205±67min,X线透视时间27±16min,无并发症发生。术后随访8.5±3.7个月,23例无房颤复发,总成功率82.1%。结论双Lasso导管和三维标测指导下有明确电学隔离指标的环肺静脉线性消融术治疗房颤安全而有效。     

Complete pulmonary vein isolation guided by three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

AIMS: Evaluation of the clinical outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with complete pulmonary vein (PV) isolation guided by three-dimensional (3-D) electroanatomical (EA) mapping. METHODS: Circumferential radiofrequency (RF) ablation and continuous circular lesions (CCLs) around the left and right-sided PVs were performed in 4 highly symptomatic patients (2 males; age 57.5 +/- 8.3 years) with HOCM and anti-arrhythmic drug (AAD) refractory paroxysmal AF. Ablation was guided by 3-D EA mapping combined with conventional circumferential PV mapping. The endpoints of the ablation were defined as: (1) absence of all PV spikes documented with the two Lasso catheters within the ipsilateral PVs; and (2) no recurrence of the PV spikes within all PVs following intravenous administration of adenosine. RESULTS: The ablation endpoints were achieved in all patients. A repeat ablation was performed in one patient due to repetitive atrial tachycardia, 1 month after the initial procedure. During a follow-up of 5.8 +/- 2.7 months, all patients are free of AF recurrence. Short episodes of symptomatic AT were documented after the repeat procedure, and were well controlled with oral amiodarone in the patient. No procedure-related complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that complete isolation of ipsilateral PVs guided by 3-D EA mapping is potentially effective for the treatment of highly symptomatic, drug refractory paroxysmal AF in patients with HOCM.     

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hyperthyroidism

Aims To study the clinical efficacy of catheter ablation for treating patients with hyperthyroidism-related atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and methods The study involved 16 patients (12 males; age, 59.8 ± 11.3 years) with hyperthyroidism-related AF, who had all been euthyroid for more than 3 months but still suffered from highly symptomatic and antiarrhythmia drug (AAD)-refractory AF. Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) guided by a 3-D mapping system was carried out to encircle the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PVs) with a procedural endpoint of continuity of the circular lesions and PV isolation. Success was defined as the absence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) off AADs beyond the first 3 months after the procedure. Results CPVA was safely carried out in each of the 16 patients without any complications. PV isolation was achieved in all the treated PVs. After a mean follow-up of 15.8 ± 11.8 (range, 6–55) months, 9 patients (56%) were free of ATa without any AADs beyond the first 3 months. AF relapsed in the remaining 7 patients, among whom 4 responded to AAD therapy and 3 were totally unresponsive. Conclusion For patients suffering hyperthyroidism-related AF, CPVA guided by a 3-D mapping system could represent one of the therapeutic options. Drs. Chang Sheng Ma and Xu Liu are co-first authors for this paper.     

Is circumferential pulmonary vein isolation preferable to stepwise segmental pulmonary vein isolation for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?

BACKGROUND: Stepwise segmental pulmonary vein isolation (SPVI) and circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) have been developed to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the preferable approach for paroxysmal AF (PAF) has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients with symptomatic PAF were randomized into a stepwise SPVI group (n=55) or CPVI group (n=55). Systemic SPVI combined with left atrial linear ablation tailored by inducibility of AF was performed in the stepwise SPVI group. Circumferential linear ablation around the left and right-sided pulmonary veins (PVs) guided by 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping was performed in the CPVI group. The endpoints of ablation are non-induciblity of AF in the stepwise SPVI group and continuity of circular lesions combined with PV isolation in the CPVI group. After the initial procedures, atrial tachyarrhythmis (ATa) recurred within the first 3 months in 23 of the 55 patients (41.8%) who underwent stepwise SPVI and in 20 of the 55 patients (36.4%) who had CPVI (p=0.69). Repeat procedures were performed in 7 patients from the stepwise SPVI group and 5 from the CPVI group (p=0.76). During the 3-9 months after the last procedure, 46 patients (83.6%) from the CPVI group and 43 (78.2%) from the stepwise SPVI group did not have symptomatic ATa while not taking anti-arrhythmic drugs (p=0.63). Severe subcutaneous hematoma or PV stenosis occurred in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of stepwise SPVI is comparable to that of CPVI for patients with PAF.     

电解剖标测和磁共振影像融合技术指导导管消融心房颤动的有效性研究

目的探讨三维电解剖标测（CARTO）系统重建图像和预先取得的磁共振影像融合后指导心房颤动（房颤）导管消融的有效性。方法从2005年9月至2006年9月对连续100例药物治疗无效的房颤患者行导管消融治疗,基本策略均为在CARTO系统指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融并实现电学隔离。随机分为2组,每组50例。第1组为术前配准组,在消融开始前即进行影像配准并融合,并在此融合影像指导下进行导管消融,消融结束后进行再次融合;第2组为术后配准组,在单纯CARTO技术指导下消融,消融结束后才进行影像配准并融合。最后比较两组的消融结果并评估消融过程中的差异。结果环肺静脉消融结束后,第1组左心房三维磁共振表面重建影像至电解剖标测图像各点平均距离为（1．6±0．7）mm,消融线上平均标记位点（75±27）个,平均X线透视时间（31±21）min;第2组的上述指标分别为（2．1±1．3）mm、（98±38）个、（55±29）min。以上组间比较差异都有统计学意义。将实际消融线与预定消融线比较,第2组中有组间差异的偏差区域分别是左侧肺静脉前庭顶部（15例）、底部（11例）、前下缘（23例）、前上缘（24例）和右侧肺静脉前庭后上缘（12例）、底部（10例）、前下缘（15例）。结论影像融合技术指导导管消融可提高准确性,并可减少X线透视时间及消融点数。     

Pulmonary vein conduction is the major finding in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias after intraoperative maze ablation

Introduction: Electrophysiological (EP) data from patients with recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATa) after intraoperative maze ablation are limited. Furthermore, the clinical course after accomplishing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using the double lasso technique (DLT) is unknown.
Methods and Results: EP study and catheter ablation (CA) was guided by a three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system (3-D EA, CARTO, Biosense-Webster) combined with simultaneous ipsilateral PV mapping using the DLT. Defined endpoints were: (1) identification of conduction gaps within the ipsilateral PVs, (2) elimination of all PV spikes, and (3) ablation of clinical ATas.
CA was performed in eight patients (four females, 62 ± 5 years, LA: 50 ± 6 mm) with drug refractory ATa (9.1 ± 6.3 years) despite non-"cut and sew" maze operation. Electrical PV conduction was demonstrated in the majority of patients (7/8). All endpoints were achieved. Repeat ablations were required in three patients. Second ablation was due to typical atrial flutter (n = 1) and atrial fibrillation (n = 2). One patient required three ablations due to a left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. During a mean follow-up of 15.5 ± 4.8 months, 7/8 patients were free of ATa recurrences.
Conclusion: Incomplete lesions after non-"cut and sew" maze operation are associated with PV conduction and recurrence of ATas. Electrical isolation of ipsilateral PVs and completion of linear lesions guided by 3-D EA mapping is feasible and successful in maintaining sinus rhythm during mid term follow-up. Completeness of linear lesions using EP endpoints should be confirmed during the initial surgical procedure to minimize ATa recurrences.     

Pulmonary vein isolation using segmental versus electroanatomical circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that electroanatomic pulmonary vein (PV) antra encircling for the PV isolation will improve the outcome in treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), compared with segmental PV isolation. METHODS: Fifty-four patients underwent segmental PV isolation (group 1) and 56 patients circumferential PV isolation (group 2) for symptomatic PAF in a randomized study. RESULTS: Following single ablation procedure, at the 48 +/- 8 month follow-up, 30 (56%) and 32 (57%) patients in groups 1 and 2 remained free of arrhythmia (P = 0.41). After repeat ablation, 43 (80%) and 45 (80%) patients in groups 1 and 2 were free of arrhythmia without antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs); 48 (89%) and 51 (91%) patients in groups 1 and 2 did not have arrhythmia recurrences without or with AADs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates no advantage in long-term arrhythmia-free clinical outcome after circumferential PV isolation in patients with frequent PAF.     

三维标测系统指导心房颤动导管消融的临床研究

目的 探讨三维标测系统指导下导管射频消融治疗心房颤动的有效性与安全性.方法 回顾性分析39例在三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉线性消融术的心房颤动患者(其中阵发性心房颤动33例和持续性心房颤动6例)的临床资料,着重分析术前准备、标测及消融方法 、手术结果 、术后治疗和随访.结果 消融终点为Lagso标测的所有肺静脉均达到完全电学隔离,若消融结束后心房颤动仍未终止,即行同步直流电复律恢复窦性心律.39例患者共完成78条环形消融线,肺静脉完全电学隔离率为93.6%(73/78).手术操作时间为(245±56)min、X线曝光时间为(46±15)min.术后随访6个月～12个月,33例临床症状得到改善,无心房颤动复发,6例需服用抗心律失常药维持窦性心律,其中3例心房颤动复发患者接受再次导管消融后无发作.射频消融术后总成功率为84.6%(33/39).结论 三维标测系统指导下导管射频消融治疗心房颤动是安全和有效的治疗方法.     

Safety and efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to report the safety, efficacy, and predictors of recurrence of circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Circumferential PV ablation has been described as an alternate ablation strategy for AF. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients (age 56 +/- 10 years) with symptomatic drug refractory paroxysmal (n = 21), persistent (n = 22), and permanent (n = 27) AF underwent catheter ablation. The catheter ablation procedure was performed by creating circular lesions encircling right- and left-side PV ostia guided by an electroanatomic (CARTO) mapping system. Linear ablation lesions also were created in the cavotricuspid isthmus, the mitral isthmus, and in the posterior left atrium. In 42 patients (60%), additions linear lesions were created between superior and inferior PVs in a "figure-of-eight" fashion. RESULTS: At 6 +/- 2.5 months of follow-up, 53 patients (76%) were AF free, including 39 patients (56%) not taking and 14 patients (20%) taking antiarrhythmic drugs. Among various variables, only early recurrence of AF was a predictor of long-term recurrence. Significant complications included one pericardial tamponade, one stroke, and two PV occlusions. Both patients with PV occlusion received radiofrequency delivery in a figure-of-eight fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential PV catheter ablation of AF is associated with moderate efficacy and risk of complications. The absence of a difference in efficacy combined with the risk of PV stenosis associated with figure-of-eight lesion lead us to conclude that the figure-of-eight lesion should not be a routine component of circumferential PV AF ablation procedures.     

三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

目的 探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动的安全性和有效性.方法 阵发性心房颤动92例和持续性或永久性心房颤动36例,接受环肺静脉消融术.采用Carto电解剖标测系统,进行环肺静脉左心房线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.手术结束时对心律仍为心房颤动者行同步直流电心脏复律.结果 完成"解剖学"环形消融线256条,其中58.6%达到电隔离肺静脉的终点,经寻找缝隙补充消融后最终248条(96.9%)消融线达到终点.手术时间(231±45)min、X线曝光时间(42±13)min和放电时间(66±17)min.术后随访平均10个月,无复发101例(78.9%).接受了再次手术15例,心内电生理检查证实14例有左心房-肺静脉传导,射频消融成功并随访30～270 d,两次射频消融术后总成功率为87.5%,其中阵发性心房颤动成功率为93.0%,持续性或永久性心房颤动为76.7%.并发症发生率为6.2%,包括心包填塞2例、小脑梗死2例、股静脉穿刺部位血肿1例和左侧大量血胸1例,经治疗后均痊愈.结论 以肺静脉电隔离为目标的环肺静脉消融术治疗心房颤动有效和安全.