新辅助化疗加手术对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响

目的:本研究旨在探索新辅助化疗对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌预后的影响.方法:对87例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者进行前瞻性随机对照试验,其中45例行新辅助化疗,42例直接手术作为对照.新辅助化疗组术前行1～2周期化疗,化疗后3周左右再手术治疗.结果:新辅助化疗组总的有效率为46.7%(21/45).COX回归分析显示,有效的新辅助化疗对生存有保护作用(P=0.015＜0.05).新辅助化疗组1、3年生存率及中位生存时间分别为68.4%、37.2%、20个月,直接手术组分别为65.2%、29.8%、18个月,两组比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).化疗有效的患者(21例)1、3年生存率及中位生存时间分别为78.2%、52.4%、31个月,化疗无效者(24例)分别为62.1%、20.3%、14个月,两组间有显著差异(P=0.044＜0.05).结论:对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者而言,新辅助化疗加手术较直接手术的患者在生存率上的提高主要是针对化疗有效者,对化疗无效的患者不利.应结合患者的具体情况有选择地行新辅助化疗以改善预后.     

Prognostic Factors for Lymph Node Negative Stage I and IIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Multicenter Experiences

Background: Surgery is the only curative treatment for operable non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and theimportance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB patients is unclear. Herein, we evaluated prognostic factorsfor survival and factors related with adjuvant treatment decisions for stage I and IIA NSCLC patients withoutlymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergonecurative surgery for prognostic factors regarding survival and clinicopathological factors related to adjuvantchemotherapy. Results: Nearly 90% of the patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinallymph node resection. For the others, wedge resection were performed. The patients were diagnosed as stageIA in 35%, IB in 49% and IIA in 17%. Histopathological type (p=0.02), tumor diameter (p=0.01) and stage(p<0.001) were found to be related to adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, while operation type, lypmhovascularinvasion (LVI), grade and the presence of recurrence were important factors in predicting overall survival (OS),and operation type, tumor size greater than 4 cm, T stage, LVI, and visceral pleural invasion were related withdisease free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed operation type (p<0.001, hazard ratio (HR):1.91) andthe presence of recurrence (p<0.001, HR:0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, as well visceralpleural invasion (p=0.01, HR:0.57) and LVI (p=0.004, HR:0.57) for DFS. Conclusions: Although adjuvantchemotherapy is standard for early stage lymph node positive NSCLC, it has less clear importance in stage Iand IIA patients without lymph node metastasis.     

新辅助化疗对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓中CK19表达的影响

目的:探讨新辅助化疗与Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓微转移的关系.方法:应用RT-PCR技术,术中取肋骨骨髓检测新辅助化疗患者(化疗组)36例及直接手术患者(对照组)35例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中CK19的表达情况.结果:化疗组CK19的阳性率为22.2%(8/36),对照组CK19的阳性率为45.7%(16/35),两组差异显著(P=0.026).新辅助化疗疗效与CK19的表达呈负相关(P=0.026),rs-0.372.COX模型分析提示,化疗疗效、CK19的表达是影响化疗组预后的独立指标.结论:新辅助化疗可减少Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓微转移的发生,通过检测骨髓中CK19的表达可指导临床治疗.     

ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的争议和共识

临床上有20％～25％的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者可手术治疗,但5年生存率也只有40％左右。辅助化疗是部分早期可切除肺癌的标准治疗方式,可使4％～15％的患者生存获益。但是,ⅠB期NSCLC是否能从辅助化疗中获益仍存在争议。近年来,多个临床研究评价了ⅠB期NSCLC辅助化疗的疗效,我们通过分析这些临床研究,寻找ⅠB期NSCLC的高危人群和辅助化疗的适应证。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌术前新辅助化疗的随机对照临床试验

目的:探讨术前新辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的可行性和不良反应,同时评价其在病期下调率、提高手术切除率及患者生存率中的作用.方法:从1990年1月～2002年1月,对456例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌进行前瞻性随机对照试验,234例被随机分入术前新辅助化疗组(试验组),行术前化疗2个周期,其中47例行Gem DDP方案,35例NVB DDP方案,86例MVP方案,66例EP方案化疗.化疗结束后4周手术.另222例被随机分入对照组的患者则先行手术治疗.结果:试验组化疗总有效率为67.95%(159/234),病期下调率为35.04%(82/234).手术切除率试验组为87.02%(18l/208),对照组为83.78%(186/222).两组手术并发症和手术死亡率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).新辅助化疗组术后l、3、5年生存率分别为76.07%、52.99%和34.18%,对照组分别为69.82%、41.44%和22.97%.试验组术后生存率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:术前新辅助化疗安全、有效,能降低Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的病期,提高手术切除率,改善患者术后长期生存率和生活质量.     

Induction Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Twenty-five patients with stage III, non-small cell lung cancerwere treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and thoracicradiation therapy followed by surgery. Thirteen patients hadstage IIIA disease and 12, stage IIIB disease. The chemotherapyand radiotherapy were intensively combined with only a few days'interval between them. Radiation therapy delivering a totaldose of 50–70 Gy was started 10 days after the beginningof chemotherapy. A few additional courses of chemotherapy wererepeated until a thoracotomy was performed. All but two surgicallytreatedpatients underwent tumor resection, with 19 lobectomies andfour pneumonectomies. Eighteen patients underwent curative andfive, non-curative resections. Pathological examination of theresected specimen provided accurate intrathoracic information.Six patients (24%) showed a pathologically complete response,with no cancer cells detected in the resected specimens. Severepostoperative complications occurred in five patients (20%),with one death. The disease recurred in five of the 18 patientswho underwent a curative resection. A second primary tumor developedin two other patients. Seventeen patients (68%) are alive, witha median follow-up of 37 months after thoracotomy. The estimatedthree-year survival was 67% for all patients.     

非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的共识

近年来有关非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的治疗标准发生了显著变化,越来越多的前赡性、大样本随机临床试验和多项荟萃分析均证实辅助化疗,特别是新一代化疗药物的含铂联合方案能显著提高化疗反应和总体生存期,降低死亡危险比,且毒性反应均可耐受.因此,对于完整手术后的非小细胞肺癌,特别是Ⅰ B～Ⅱ期的患者采用辅助化疔是合理治疗方案.     

ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌新辅助化疗的病理组织学效应及其预后的影响

Objective： To investigate prognostic impact of histopathologic response induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage ⅢA non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin, vindosine, and cisplatin followed by surgery. Histopathologic response in resection of the tumor was examined after surgery. Tumor regression was classified as grade Ⅳ, grade Ⅲ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅰ according to the extent of tumor necrosis and the extent of the vital tumor tissues. The tumor regression grading was correlated with the survival time of the patients. Results： After two cycles of chemotherapy, 19 （47.5%） of 40 patients had objective response （2 complete and 17 partial response）. In 40 resected tumor specimens, 2 （5%） were classified as regression grade Ⅳ, 16 （40%） as regression grade Ⅲ, 18 （45%） as regression gradeⅡ, and 4 （10%） as regression grade Ⅰ. The rate of complete surgical resection was significantly higher in patients with tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ （〈10% vital tumor tissue）（P〈0.05）. The median survival time in patients classified as having tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was significantly longer than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. The 3-year survival rate in patients with regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was markedly higher than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The extent of tumor regression induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a critical issue for successful therapeutic approach in patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC. In resected specimens of tumors after chemotherapy, the presence of marked tumor regression （regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ） is predictive for superior survival time.     

早期非小细胞肺癌的放射治疗

在早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中,有部分患者因各种原因采用单纯放射治疗.多数学者认为,其照射剂量应不低于60Gy.靶区范围的制定,要结合肿瘤的生物学规律和患者的具体情况,体现治疗的个体化.超分割和大剂量分割放射治疗在一定程度上提高了NSCLC的疗效.立体定向放射治疗为早期NSCLC的治疗提供了一种新的治疗手段,初步的临床实践表明是安全、可行的.     

新辅助化疗对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

目的：探讨新辅助化疗对非小细胞肺癌肿瘤细胞凋亡及对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法：选取Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者56例行新辅助化疗后并手术．并选取同期50例直接手术患者作为对照组。两组患者的手术标本．分别采用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记法（TUNEL）行细胞凋亡检测，采用免疫组化标记链菌亲和素生物素法（LSAB），检测细胞增殖抗原Ki－67的表达。结果：新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数（AI）均数为9．34％，对照组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数均数为5．27％．两组比较有显著差异（P〈0，001）。新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞增殖抗原Ki－67阳性表达率均数为35．68％．对照组Ki－67阳性表达率均数为59.35％，两组比较差异显著（P〈0．001）。新辅助化疗组及对照组中，肿瘤细胞凋亡指数AI与增殖指数Ki-67的阳性表达均成负相关。结论：新辅助化疗能诱导Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌肿瘤细胞的凋亡．并能抑制其增殖。