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1.
Background and aims Little is known about the intestinal epithelial expression and secretion of CXCL10 (IP-10), a chemokine involved in recruiting
T cells and monocytes. We aimed to study CXCL10 gene expression and regulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin
(IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in intestinal epithelial cell lines.
Materials and methods CXCL10 expression and secretion kinetics were assessed in Caco-2, HT-29 and DLD1 human colon epithelial cells, treated with
IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ alone or in combination with each other by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Northern blotting
and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Transient transfections with TGL-IP10 (CXCL10 promoter) and TGL-IP10-κB2
mutant promoter and gelshifts and supershifts for nuclear factor (NF)-κB were also performed.
Results Real-time PCRs and ELISA experiments revealed that IL-1β was the strongest and earliest inducer of CXCL10 messenger ribonucleic
acid (mRNA) expression and protein secretion in Caco-2 cell line, whereas INF-γ had a delayed kinetics. There was a strong
synergistic effect of either TNF-α or IL-1β with IFN-γ both on CXCL10 mRNA expression and protein secretion in all three cell
lines. Real-time PCR and ELISA experiments using a specific NF-κB inhibitor and transfection experiments with a NF-κB-binding
defective CXCL10 promoter construct revealed that the induction of CXCL10 by IL-1β and its synergism with IFN-γ is NF-κB dependent.
Conclusion These data demonstrate that in colonic epithelial cells, depending on the cellular context and utilizing the NF-κB pathway,
IL-1β alone and/or in synergism with IFN-γ may play a major role in the induction of CXCL10. 相似文献
2.
Hiroki Fukuma Syed Ahmed Morshed Seishiro Watanabe Naohito Uchida Toru Ezaki Atsushi Minami Hiroshi Matsuoka Shuko Hirabayashi Toshiaki Nakatsu Mikio Nishioka 《Journal of gastroenterology》1996,31(4):538-545
To determine whether the liver plays an immunological role in certain extrahepatic disorders, we investigated the expression
of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in 11 patients who had recovered from
cholecystolithiasis, 12 patients with gastric cancer, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 6 healthy controls. Cytokine
mRNAs in the liver were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcribed-polynerase chain reaction. Serum cytokines and soluble
IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Increases in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ
mRNAs were found in the livers of patients with extrahepatic diseases. TNF-α and IL-6 peptides were increased in the sera
of patients with gastric cancer. TNF-α in the sera and TNF-α mRNA in the liver were correlated in gastric cancer patients.
Surprisingly, sIL-2R in the serum of gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than the level in healthy controls.
Our findings suggest that the liver produces cytokines in reaction to extrahepatic lesions. Further, the increase in sIL-2R
in gastric cancer patients indicates that malignancy may affect the immune network in vivo. 相似文献
3.
4.
Miyaso H Morimoto Y Ozaki M Haga S Shinoura S Choda Y Murata H Katsuno G Huda K Takahashi H Tanaka N Iwagaki H 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2006,51(11):2007-2012
Nafamostat mesilate (NM) is a synthetic protease inhibitor with various biological effects. To determine its effect on liver injury related to sepsis, we investigated the effects of NM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Wistar rats were allocated into two groups; the NM group underwent intraperitoneal NM administration 30 min before LPS administration, and the control group underwent PBS administration. Serum AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased in NM-treated rats. Reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were observed after LPS administration in NM-treated rats. No significant differences were observed in IL-6 levels between the NM and the control group. In contrast, HGF levels were significantly increased only in control rats. NM treatment decreased protein and mRNA levels of TLR-4 and CD14. Our data suggest that NM treatment has protective effects against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through downregulation of TLR4 and CD14 in liver, which decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γproduction in liver. 相似文献
5.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are intracellular pathogens that elicit a specific T-cell response characterized by the
production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-12.
However, little information exists regarding the levels of specific cytokines in patients with NTM lung disease. Therefore,
we compared cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with NTM lung disease with that
in PBMCs from healthy controls. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay in the PBMCs of 29 patients with NTM lung disease and 15 healthy controls. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IFN-γ production
and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α and IL-12p40 were significantly lower in the PBMCs of patients with
NTM lung disease than in those of the healthy controls. The production of these cytokines did not differ significantly between
patients infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and those infected with Mycobacterium abscessus; however, IL-10 production was lower in patients infected with M. abscessus than in those infected with MAC. Decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 production may be associated with host susceptibility
to the development of MAC and M. abscessus lung disease. 相似文献
6.
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 secretion from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts: role of interleukin-17 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Background. Subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs) play a role in extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in the colon. In this study, we
investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3
secretion in colonic SEMFs. Methods. MMP-3 secretion and MMP-3 mRNA expression were determined by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. The secretion of
tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. In human colonic SEMFs, MMP-3 secretion and MMP-3 mRNA expression were induced by IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The effect of
IL-17 was observed, but this was weak as compared with those induced by IL-1β or TNF-α. A c-Jun/activating protein-1 (AP-1)
inhibitor, curcumin, reduced the IL-17-, IL-1β-, and TNF-α-induced MMP-3 mRNA expression, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)
kinase inhibitors (U0126, PD098059, and SB203580) also blocked MMP-3 secretion. There findings indicate a role for AP-1 and
MAP kinases in cytokine-induced MMP-3 secretion. Furthermore, costimulation by IL-17 + IL-1β and by IL-17 + TNF-α induced
a marked increase in MMP-3 secretion. The costimulatory effects of these combinations were also observed for TIMP-1 mRNA expression
and TIMP-1 secretion. Conclusions. Colonic SEMFs actively secreted MMP-3 in response to IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α. This was coupled with TIMP-1 secretion. Colonic
SEMFs may play an important role in ECM turnover via MMP secretion.
Received: July 2, 2002 / Accepted: December 18, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Reprint requests to: A. Andoh 相似文献
7.
8.
Ahmad Zubaidi W. Donald Buie David A. Hart David Sigalet 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(6):1581-1588
Background
Previous studies have shown that healing in intestinal wounds is proportionally faster than skin. Cytokines and growth factors play a major role in these coordinated wound-healing events. We hypothesized that this more rapid intestinal healing is due to an early upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), followed by increases in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and growth factor TGF-β. 相似文献9.
Aims/hypothesis
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α may contribute to pancreatic beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. A mechanism requiring nitric oxide, which is generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis has been proposed. Here, we tested the role of nitric oxide in cytokine-induced ER stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) in beta cells. 相似文献10.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The complement system participates in the local immune system in various tissues. In this study, we investigated the local secretion of complement C3 into the pancreatic fluid and attempted to determine a possible biosynthetic site. METHODS: C3 protein in human pancreatic fluid was analyzed by, immunoblotting. The C3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in several pancreatic carcinoma cell lines was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction and/or Northern blotting. The secretion of C3 by these pancreatic carcinoma cells was assessed by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation experiments. RESULTS: In five samples of human pancreatic fluid, C3 was detected as a molecule composed of alpha and beta chains. C3 mRNA expression was observed in the ductal cell carcinoma lines (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2) but not in the acinar cell line (HPC-YO and AR-42J). C3 production in these cells was enhanced by interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha at both the protein and the mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Complement C3 is secreted into the exocrine fluids of the pancreas. (2) Ductal epithelial cells are possible biosynthetic sites for C3. (3) The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha are effective stimulators of local C3 production in the pancreas. (Gastroenterology 1996 Jun;110(6):1919-25) 相似文献
11.
Shibahara T Miyazaki K Sato D Matsui H Yanaka A Nakahara A Tanaka N 《Journal of gastroenterology》2005,40(9):878-886
Background Intimate cross-talk may take place between intestinal epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The purpose
of this study was to analyze the influence of lymphocyte migration into the epithelium on epithelial function, using an in
vitro “IEL homing” model.
Methods Molecular expression on epithelial cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The barrier function of the epithelial monolayer
was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance. Cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA).
Results (1) IEL homing into the epithelia induced significant phenotypic changes in epithelial cells; upregulation of MHC class I,
and II, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and CD44. IEL-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) could partially account for this
alteration, as a neutralizing antibody (Ab) against IFN-γ inhibited the upregulation of these molecules, except for CD44.
(2) A marked fall in transepithelial electrical resistance was observed 4 h after IEL homing started, and Ab against IFN-γ
slightly inhibited this fall in resistance. (3) The production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10),
but not transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in the epithelial monolayer was markedly induced
after IEL homing in a basolaterally polarized fashion. IEL-conditioned media also induced the production of these cytokines
in epithelial cells, thus suggesting that IEL-derived soluble factor(s) induce epithelial chemokine production.
Conclusions Under inflammatory conditions, IEL obviously interact with epithelial cells and upregulate adhesion molecules, alter barrier
function, and enhance chemokine production. Because such alterations may increase epithelial permeability to luminal antigens
or accelerate the migration of other inflammatory cells, our results suggest that IEL have a critical role in mucosal immunity. 相似文献
12.
Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on development of stress-induced gastric mucosal injury 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yamamoto N Sakagami T Fukuda Y Koizuka H Hori K Sawada Y Hikasa Y Tanida N Shimoyama T 《Journal of gastroenterology》2000,35(5):332-340
Immediately after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in Kobe in 1995, the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer in patients infected
with Helicobacter pylori was higher than that in patients in whom H. pylori had been eradicated. We evaluated the influence of H. pylori infection on stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in Mongolian gerbils and C57BL/6 mice. These animals were immersed in
water for 30, 120, and 720 min 12 weeks after inoculation with H. pylori, and then killed to assess gastric mucosal damage, and to measure cytokine production (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and
IL-10; interferon [IFN]-γ; and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in the gastric tissue of the mice. The stress treatment for
30 min resulted in a significantly higher bleeding rate and bleeding index among infected gerbils and mice compared with results
in uninfected animals. Conversely, the bleeding and ulcer indexes were significantly higher in uninfected gerbils after 720
min of the stress treatment than in infected gerbils. Prior to the stress treatment, gastric IL-1β and IFN-γ production was
significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group. After 120 min of the stress treatment, TNF-α production
was increased in the infected group, and IL-1β and IL-10 production was increased in the uninfected group. However, the production
of these cytokines showed no change at 30 min of the stress treatment. These results suggest that H. pylori infection influences the development of gastric mucosal injury in the early phase of stress exposure; cytokines do not play
a major role in this process.
Received: March 29, 1999 / Accepted: November 26, 1999 相似文献
13.
Ko F Yu Q Xue QL Yao W Brayton C Yang H Fedarko N Walston J 《Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,34(3):705-715
Mice homozygous for targeted deletion of the interleukin 10 gene (Il-10) have been partially characterized as a model for human frailty. These mice have increased serum interleukin (IL)-6 in midlife,
skeletal muscle weakness, and an altered skeletal muscle gene expression profile compared to age and sex-matched C57BL/6 (B6)
control mice. In order to further characterize for use as a frailty model, we evaluated the evolution of inflammatory pathway
activation, endocrine change, and mortality in these mice. Serum was collected in groups of age- and sex-matched B6.129P2-Il10
tm1Cgn
/J (IL-10tm/tm) mice and B6 control mice at age 12, 24, 48, 72, and 90 weeks. Cytokines including IL-6, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (KC), IL-12, and IL-10 were measured
using electro-chemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was measured using solid-phase
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A separate longitudinal cohort was monitored from age 35 weeks to approximately 100 weeks.
Survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and detailed necropsy information was gathered in a subset of mice
that died or were sacrificed. In IL-10tm/tm mice compared to B6 controls, serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, KC levels were significantly elevated across the age groups,
serum mean IGF-1 levels were higher in the 48-week-old groups, and overall mortality rate was significantly higher. The quadratic
relationship between IGF-1 and age was significantly different between the two strains of mice. Serum IL-6 was positively
associated with IGF-1 but the effect was significantly larger in IL-10tm/tm mice. These findings provide additional rationale for the use of the IL-10tm/tm mouse as a model for frailty and for low-grade inflammatory pathway activation. 相似文献
14.
Circulating Cytokine Concentrations in Tuberculosis and Other Chronic Bacterial Infections 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Poveda F Camacho J Arnalich F Codoceo R del Arco A Martínez-Hernández P 《Infection》1999,27(4-5):272-274
Summary
Cytokines are a group of hormone-like polypeptides that play a variety of regulatory roles in host defense against infection.
Because of the possible different involvement of these mediators in bacterial infections and tuberculosis, enzyme immunoassay
was used to measure comparatively the plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-β), tumor necrosis
factor alpha (TNF-α), interleikin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)) in 25 immunocompetent patients divided into two groups:
in 12 patients clinical and microbiological diagnosis showed a chronic bacterial infection and 13 patients had pleuropulmonar
tuberculosis. After resolution of the infectious disorders (≥ 3 month), these measurements were repeated for each patient.
High levels of IL-1b, TNF-α and IL-6 were observed at study entry, but no significant difference was found between the groups.
In contrast, plasma levels (mean ±: SEM) of IFN-γ were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis when compared with
the bacterial group (0.753 ± 0.201 vs 0.325 ± 0.105 IU/ml; P = 0.020). This different pattern of plasma proinflammatory cytokines
could be ascribed to a prevaling role of the mediators of so-called Th-1 immune response (IFN-γ) in host defense against infection
with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Received: September 17, 1998 · Revision accepted: January 22, 1999 相似文献
15.
Summary Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with an inflammatory response, mainly caused by the trauma of surgery, contact
of blood with the artificial surface of the circuit, and reperfusion injury, resulting in increased capillary permeability,
respiratory distress, low cardiac output, and multiorgan failure. The inflammatory reaction includes an activation of the
humoral and cellular immune system with enhanced release of cytokines. The present study focused on the effect of CPB on the
time course of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, the plasma
concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10
was investigated pre-, intra-, and postoperatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. With the exception of IFN-γ,
all the other cytokines could be detected in the patients plasma. However, neither TNF-α nor IL-1β and IL-2 revealed significant
changes in concentration during the investigated time period. In contrast, IL-6 and IL-8 levels peaked early postoperatively,
reaching median concentrations of 430 pg/ml (221 pg per ml/558 pg per ml; lower/upper quartiles, respectively) and approximately
12 pg/ml (0/17 pg/ml; lower/upper quartiles, respectively). IL-4 and IL-10, respectively, revealed maximal concentrations
of approximately 2 pg/ml (0/39 pg/ml; lower/upper quartiles, respectively) and 208 pg/ml (76 pg per ml/380 pg per ml; lower/upper
quartiles, respectively) immediately after protamine administration, preceding the maximal concentration of IL-6. The degree
of the observed modulation of cytokine patterns during and after CPB seemed to be patient-dependent, since large interindividual
variations in cytokine levels were observed, not only preoperatively, but especially during and following CPB. However, IL-6
and IL-10 showed the least interindividual variations, suggesting that these cytokines may give reliable information regarding
modulation of the immune response following CPB and its consequences for the patient’s outcome. 相似文献
16.
Shouji Shimoyama Frank Gansauge Susanne Gansauge Takeshi Oohara Hans G. Beger 《Journal of gastrointestinal cancer》1995,18(3):227-234
Summary The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and distribution patterns of both integrins and extracellular matrix
(ECM) molecules in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) compared with normal pancreas (NP). Expression
of nine α-subunits (α2-α6, αv, αl, αm, and αx), four β-subunits (β1, β3-β5), and four ECM molecules (type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin) was investigated
immunohistochemically. In CP, all integrins except αv showed nearly the same staining patterns compared with NP. Some acinar cells in CP expressed αv. Whereas α2, α3, and α6 expression was stronger and diffuse, no α5 expression was seen in PC. Basement membrane (BM) showed
continuous staining in CP, whereas it showed discontinuous/absent staining in PC with antitype IV collagen, laminin, and vitronectin
antibodies. Some carcinoma cells showed reverse correlation between α2, α3, and α6 expression and type IV collagen and laminin
expression. Fibronectin showed diffuse stromal expression in CP and PC. Some acinar cells or duct cells in CP carcinoma cells
in PC showed intracellular VN expression. These results suggest that these integrins and ECM molecules are involved in inflammatory
and malignant processes in pancreas. 相似文献
17.
Morita Y Yamamura M Kawashima M Aita T Harada S Okamoto H Inoue H Makino H 《Rheumatology international》2001,20(2):49-54
The purpose of this study was to compare the potential of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 to interrupt two major inflammatory
pathways in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), i.e., overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokine-mediated fibroblast
growth. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were all able to significantly inhibit the production of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
IL-6, and IL-8 by freshly isolated RA synovial tissue cells; IL-10 was most effective in terms of IL-1β and TNF-α reduction.
The IL-1 receptor antagonist was enhanced by IL-4 and IL-13, but only slightly enhanced by IL-10. Spontaneous interferon-γ
secretion was diminished by IL-4 and IL-10 but not by IL-13. Addition of anti-IL-10 neutralizing antibody to RA synovial tissue
cells resulted in a substantial increase in IL-1β and TNF-α levels, whereas neither anti-IL-4 nor anti-IL-13 antibody had
a significant effect. IL-1β-stimulated proliferation of RA synovial fibroblast cell lines was inhibited by IL-4 and IL-13,
but not by IL-10; IL-4 was over tenfold more effective than IL-13. These results suggest that IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 all have
the therapeutic potential to regulate the disease activity mediated by proinflammatory cytokines in RA, but each cytokine
may have different potencies.
Received: 29 June 2000 / Accepted: 20 July 2000 相似文献
18.
Mohammadi Kaouass Patricia Deloyer Isabelle Gouders Olivier Peulen Guy Dandrifosse 《Endocrine》1997,6(2):187-194
In the present investigation, the authors aimed to evaluate the role of cytokines in intestinal postnatal maturation induced
by dietary polyamines. Neonatal rats were administered either saline or spermine (8 μmol) orally. Spermine increased interleukin-1β
(IL-1β), IL-6, and TNF-α plasma concentration. The maximum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were, respectively, observed
at 4, 4, and 8 h posttreatment. Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of IL-1β increased the specific activity of sucrase in whole
small intestine, whereas the specific activities of maltase and lactase were significantly enhanced only in the jejunum. IL-6
elicited sucrase and increased maltase specific activity in the whole small intestine, but lactase specific activity was not
affected. TNF-α had no effect on sucrase and maltase specific activity, but a slight augmentation of lactase specific activity
was detected in the jejunum. Spermine and spermidine content in the intestine was increased by ip injection of IL-1β and IL-6.
Corticosterone secretion was elevated by single ip injection of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α. These findings suggest that spermine
could induce postnatal intestinal development and corticosterone secretion through a cytokine-dependent mechanism. 相似文献
19.
S. Benyoucef Ph.D. Prof. G. Lion M. D. Y. Gérard M. D. P. Wattré M. D. D. De Groote Ph.D. D. Hober M. D. Ph.D. 《Infection》1998,26(2):109-112
Summary The possible association between the emergence of cytopathogenic HIV-1 variants and disturbance of the cytokine production
in the course of HIV-1 infection was studied in 18 infected patients. The cytopathogenicity of the isolates was studied in
a microassay based on the use of HIV-1-infectible Hela-CD4 cells carrying the bacterial LacZ gene under the control of the
HIV-LTR (P4 cells). In addition, the production of cytokines by heparinized whole blood (HWB) obtained the same day from HIV-1(+)
patients was measured. TNF-α was determined in a one-step procedure combining HWB culture in the presence of LPS+PHA for 24
h and detection of cytokines in the same wells. In separate experiments HWB was cultured in the presence of LPS+PHA for 48
h, then the supernatants were collected and stored until assayed by ELISA for IFN-γ and IL-4. Higher TNF-α levels were found
in activated HWB of patients with cytopathic strains (n=9) than in patients with non-cytopathic strains (n=9, p=0.02) as assed
with P4 cells. A defective production of type 1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and no increased secretion of type 2 cytokines (IL-4) was
observed in patients with cytopathic strains. IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios were significantly lower in patients with cytopathic strains
(n=9) than in other patients (n=9, p=0.009). The results show that the disarray of cytokine production, as assessed with whole
blood culture, is associated with the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 isolates in HIV-1-infected individuals. 相似文献
20.
Objective Graves' disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. TSHR Ab plays the most important role for the
pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Recently, the role of cytokines for the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been studied
extensively. Royal jelly (RJ) is a creamy product secreted by young nurse worker bees (Apis mellifera), and it is synthesized in the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands. RJ has been reported to have such pharmacological characteristics
as antitumor, antibacterial, antihypercholesterolemic, antiallergic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The
major aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of RJ on autoimmunity in peripheral lymphocyte culture and to establish
the therapeutic doses.
Research Design and Methods In the first phase, lymphocyte cell isolation from four voluntary healthy subjects was performed to find the effective concentration
of RJ on immunity. Serial dilutions of the RJ were prepared (0–5 mg/mL). All isolated lymphocyte cells were treated with the
above diluted samples. MTT test was carried out after incubation of 72 h. In the second phase, six patients with Graves' disease,
newly diagnosed by clinical and laboratory methods and admitted to my hospital and untreated were identified. RJ samples of
0 and 4 mg/mL were incubated in a culture medium for 72 h with isolated lymphocytes obtained from the patients. After incubation,
MTT test in lymphocyte cell culture, Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Il-12, and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and Il-10 levels by the
enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) method and TSHR Ab by the radioreceptor method were determined.
Results The concentration causing lymphocytes to proliferate was found to be 4 mg/mL by MTT test after incubation of 72 h in cell
culture medium. Of the cytokines produced and secreted from lymphocytes, IFN-γ increased, whereas, other cytokines decreased
in RJ concentration of 4 mg/mL. Significant differences were found only for IFN-γ and TNF-α. IL-4 concentrations were kept
near the level of significancy. Of Th1/Th2 ratios, IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios also exhibited significant differences
between 0 and 4 mg/mL. RJ treatment in lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease shifted the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio to
the side of Th1 cytokine. Therefore, RJ using the treatment and establishing a remission of Graves' disease may be effective
as an antithyroid drug treatment. TSHR Ab levels of lymphocyte cell culture supernatants treated with RJ showed significant
decreases. Also, the result may suggest that RJ may exert an effect similar to an antithyroid drug for decreasing TSHR Ab
levels.
Conclusions RJ may be effective as an immunomodulatory agent in Graves' disease. 相似文献