早期康复护理干预与急性脑梗塞患者NIHSS评分及C反应蛋白的关系

目的 探讨早期康复护理和脑卒中患者神经功能NIHSS评分以及C反应蛋白的关系.方法 选取2012年1月至2014年12月在我院住院的急性脑梗死患者150例,包括73例男性和77例女性.随机分为早期康复护理干预组和对照组.早期康复护理组和对照组均接受神经内科常规治疗及常规护理.康复护理组除接受神经内科常规治疗及常规护理外,再分阶段由神经科医师、康复医师和护士进行早期康复护理,分别于治疗前、治疗第14天和第30天对患者的神经功能缺损程度采用NIHSS评分及C反应蛋白含量的测定.结果 与对照组相比较,康复护理组干预前两者NIHSS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05),康复护理组第14天和第30天NIHSS评分均显著降低(P＜0.05).且对照组和康复护理组两组第14天和第30天与干预前比较,均显著降低(P＜0.05).与对照组相比较,康复护理组干预前两者C反应蛋白含量无统计学差异(P＞0.05),康复护理组第14天和第30天C反应蛋白含量均显著降低(P＜0.05).且对照组和康复护理组两组第14天和第30天与干预前比较,均显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 早期康复护理可显著降低急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分及C反应蛋白的含量,为急性脑梗死患者的临床护理提供理论依据.     

131I治疗后分化型甲状腺癌患者近期外周血中中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞的动态表达

目的 分析分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者接受131I治疗后近期外周血中白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(Neu)、淋巴细胞(LY)的动态表达情况.方法 前瞻性分析86例在我院就诊的DTC患者的临床资料,按照接受131Ⅰ治疗剂量分为:大剂量组(共38例,累积放射剂量3.60～5.50GBq)和小剂量组(共48例,累积放射剂量1.11 ～ 1.50 GBq).于治疗前、治疗后第3天、第7天、第14天、第30天及第60天分别检测并比较两组患者的外周血WBC、Neu及LY差异,并分析外周血WBC、Neu及LY水平动态变化过程.结果 治疗后第3天至第30天,小剂量组外周血WBC、Neu及LY水平显著高于大剂量组(均P＜0.05),而自治疗后第60天两组外周血WBC、Neu及LY水平差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).大剂量组患者外周血WBC、Neu及LY水平在治疗第3天降至最低,后随时间延长而增加(均P＜0.05),但仍较治疗前水平低(均P＜0.05).小剂量组患者外周血LY水平在治疗第7天将至最低,后随时间延长而增加(均P＜0.05),在治疗第60天与治疗前水平无差异(P＞0.05);而外周血WBC及Neu在治疗第3天升高,后随时间延长而降低(均P＜0.05),在治疗第30天与治疗前水平无差异(P＞0.05).结论 小剂量131I放射治疗DTC患者的近期外周血Neu及LY动态影响更小,应在临床实际予以选择.     

CT早期动态监测脑外伤手术治疗及其预后评估的价值

目的探讨CT早期动态监测与脑外伤临床手术治疗及预后的相关性。方法选择572例脑外伤患者,其中男性404例,女性168例;年龄16~75岁,平均年龄44.2岁。分为手术组131例,非手术组441例。进行CT早期动态监测。分析CT早期动态监测与脑外伤患者手术时机选择、患者死亡率及3个月、6个月格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分的相关性,以及Rotterdam CT评分与脑外伤患者预后的相关性进行统计学分析。结果脑外伤后24 h之内与伤后24 h之后手术治疗者数量间差异有显著统计学意义(P0.001)。Rotterdam CT评分越高,死亡率越高;Rotterdam CT评分与脑外伤患者出院时死亡率及伤后3个月、6个月GOS评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组与非手术组间患者死亡率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间3个月及6个月GOS评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.002、0.003)。Rotterdam CT评分越高,患者伤后3个月及6个月GOS评分越低,即预后越差(3个月:秩相关系数r_s=0.369,P0.001;6个月:秩相关系数r_s=0.382,P0.001)。结论 CT早期动态监测可及时了解脑外伤患者颅内情况的动态变化,指导临床治疗策略,降低脑外伤患者的死亡率,但其在改善患者预后方面作用有限。     

化疗患者留置针敷料更换频率的研究

目的 探讨化疗患者浅静脉留置针透明敷料减少更换频率的可行性与临床效果.方法 将100 例化疗患者随机分为实验组(48例)和对照组(52例),实验组在置管成功后第3天更换透明敷料1次;对照组在置管成功后每天更换透明敷料1次.同时观察记录两组并发症及留置时间差异情况.结果 实验组滑脱、渗漏发生率少于对照组(P＜0.01),留置平均时间明显长于对照组(P﹤0.01);两组静脉炎和堵塞的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 化疗患者浅静脉留置针透明敷料留置后第3天更换1次优于每天更换1次,既减少患者痛苦,也节省人力和物力资源成本.     

负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀对急性脑梗死的临床疗效及脑血流动力学的影响

目的观察负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀对急性脑梗死的疗效及脑血流动力学指标的影响。方法选择2014年1月至2016年6月急性脑梗死患者126例,随机分为观察组63例(负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀,首次40 mg,以后20 mg,1次/天)与对照组63例(常规剂量瑞舒伐他汀,每次10 mg,1次/天),疗程均为3个月。比较2组治疗前、治疗1个月、3个月后的神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、日常生活(Barthel)指数,以及治疗3个月后的疗效与脑血流动力学指标变化。结果治疗1个月、3个月后,观察组NIHSS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组Barthel指数分值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的总有效率为88.89%,高于对照组的77.78%,但差异不具统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的双侧搏动指数(PI)均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),收缩期血流速度(Vs)与平均血流速度(Vm)均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),2组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀对急性脑梗死具有明显的治疗效果和脑血流动力学改善作用。     

亚低温对颅脑创伤患者早期凝血纤溶及炎症指标的影响及其意义

目的:研究亚低温对重型颅脑损伤患者血清早期凝血、纤溶及炎症因子的影响。方法:66例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为亚低温治疗组和对照组,对照组除了不进行亚低温治疗外其他治疗方法与亚低温治疗组相同,分别于治疗前和治疗第1、3、7天采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的含量;采用免疫浊度法测定抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)的含量。伤后1年对两组患者预后按GCS进行评估。结果:亚低温组与对照组患者伤后入院第1天及第3天各指标比较,两组无统计学差异;住院后第7天检测,对照组PAI-I、t-PA、IL-8值较亚低温组高,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组AT-Ⅲ值显著低于亚低温组(P0.05);GOS预后评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。亚低温治疗组患者预后良好(轻残+中残)率明显高于常温治疗组(P0.05),植物生存率及死亡率低于常温治疗组(P0.05)。结论:亚低温对重型颅脑损伤患者早期凝血纤溶及炎症指标具有显著影响。以早期凝血纤溶及炎症指标作为量化指标,在一定程度上能反映亚低温的疗效并预测预后。     

血必净注射液对重症蝮蛇咬伤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 研究血必净注射液对重症蝮蛇咬伤患者对机体免疫调节功能的影响。方法 对2014年7月~2017年10月本院急诊科收治的重症蝮蛇咬伤患者46例,常规治疗组按照经典的毒蛇治疗法,观察组使用血必净注射液治疗;健康对照组选择为同期体检正常人。分析各组在治疗前、治疗第1天、第3天及第7天,检测其血清促炎介质IL-6和抗炎介质IL-10水平,代表性评估患者的免疫功能。结果 治疗前和治疗第1天,2个治疗组IL-6无明显区别,但均高于对照组,两治疗组于治疗第3天、第7天IL-6水平均降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但观察组较常规治疗组下降（P＜0,05）;各组IL-10水平在治疗前与治疗第1天,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但第3天、第7天,治疗组则高于健康对照组（P＜0.05）,两治疗组间,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 重症蝮蛇咬伤患者的免疫功能可出现紊乱,表现为早期促炎介质占优势,后期抗炎介质升高明显,血必净注射液可下调促炎介质（IL-6）水平,在一定程度上调节机体免疫功能。     

降钙素原在抗感染治疗中的动态变化研究

目的：观察血清降钙素原( PCT)在细菌感染治疗中的动态变化,评估PCT在抗感染治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年4月我院68例细菌感染患者的临床资料,根据对抗生素的最终疗效分为抗生素有效组和抗生素无效组,观察2组患者治疗第1天、第3天、第5天及第7天血清PCT水平。结果2组患者入院第1天血清PCT浓度差异无统计学意义,第3天、第5天及第7天抗生素有效组血清PCT水平逐渐下降,抗生素无效组血清PCT水平逐渐升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清PCT水平与感染患者的炎症程度呈正相关,监测PCT变化可以更合理地使用抗生素。     

LDC、Fg、hs-CRP对TIA后早期脑梗死风险的预测价值研究

目的 探讨LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后早期脑梗死风险的预测价值.方法 选择2013年1月至2016年10月于我院就诊的120例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者作为研究对象,根据7d内是否出现脑梗死情况,将患者分为继发脑梗死组(48例)和未继发脑梗死组(72例).同时随机选择同期体检正常者42例为对照组.根据ABCD2评分将继发脑梗死组患者分为低危8例(0～3分)、中危15例(4～5分)、高危25例(6～7分).分析各组患者LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP水平变化情况,并分析其与TIA后早期脑梗死风险的预测的关系.结果 与对照组比较,继发脑梗死组LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP水平明显升高(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,继发脑梗死中危组和高危组LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP水平明显升高(P均＜0.05).继发脑梗死组患者LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP水平随危险程度加重而升高,低危组各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP是TIA发展为脑梗死的独立危险因素.结论 TIA后继发性脑梗死患者LDL-C、Fg、hs-CRP水平升高,且升高水平与患者危险程度密切相关,可作为TIA患者早期继发脑梗死的预测指标.     

经颅彩色多普勒微栓子监测与缺血性脑血管病进展相关性分析

目的:探讨微栓子监测与进展性缺血性脑血管病的临床相关性.方法:将151例急性脑梗死患者分进展性脑梗死(观察组)和非进展性脑梗死(对照组)两组,进行经颅彩色多普勒检查微栓子监测.结果:观察组微栓子信号检测阳性率为8.7%(6/69),对照组微栓子信号检测阳性率1.2%(1/82),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:进展性脑梗死的微栓子信号检出阳性率高,急性期脑梗死患者微栓子信号检测,有助于脑梗死病程预测和预防性治疗.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.