复方左氧氟沙星凝胶剂的质量标准研究

目的　研制复方左氧氟沙星凝胶剂 ,制定质量控制标准。方法　以卡波姆 94 0为主要凝胶基质 ,左氧氟沙星、替硝唑为主药制备凝胶剂。采用紫外分光光度法同时测定左氧氟沙星和替硝唑的含量。结果　制备的凝胶剂均匀细腻 ,粘附性好 ,质量稳定 ,左氧氟沙星在 3.0～ 8.0 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,替硝唑在 12 .0～ 32 .0 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,左氧氟沙星和替硝唑平均回收率分别为 10 0 .15 %、10 0 .14 % ,RSD分别为 0 .84 %、1.31%。结论　制剂制备工艺简单 ,含量测定操作简便 ,结果准确。     

双波长系数倍率法测定替硝唑凝胶剂含量

本采用双波长系数倍率法测定替硝唑凝胶剂含量，测定波长和参比波长为276nm和257nm，平均回收率为983％，RSD＝0．90％，本法快速，、简便、结果准确，适用于该制剂质量控制。     

替硝唑葡萄糖注射液的制备及质量控制

 为探讨替硝唑葡萄糖注射液的制备工艺及质量控制标准,评价其稳定性.参照类似产品设计处方,考察活性炭对替硝唑的吸附程度,紫外分光光度法测定替硝唑含量,褶合光谱法和经典恒温法同时考察其稳定性.结果表明:活性炭对替硝唑有较大的吸附作用,吸附量与活性炭量呈正相关,紫外分光光度法测定含量,结果可靠,产品稳定性较好.采用本制备工艺和质量标准,节省了原料,保证了制剂质量,工艺合理,质量可靠,对该制剂的开发利用具有一定的参考价值.     

复方氟康唑泡腾栓的质量标准研究

目的　制备复方氟康唑泡腾栓 ,制定质量控制标准。方法　用半合成脂肪酸甘油酯为栓剂基质 ,氟康唑、替硝唑为主药 ,制备复方泡腾栓 ,并采用紫外分光光度法 ,分别在 2 6 1nm和 2 77nm处测得氟康唑、替硝唑有最大吸收值。结果　氟康唑在0 .0 4mg·ml-1～ 0 .2 4mg·ml-1范围内线性良好 ,替硝唑在 0 .0 4 μg·ml-1～ 12 μg·ml-1范围内线性良好 ,氟康唑和替硝唑平均回收率分别为 99.87%、99.88% ,RSD分别为 0 .2 6 %、0 .2 9%。结论　复方氟康唑泡腾栓制备工艺简单 ,含量测定操作简便 ,结果准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方替硝唑栓剂中两组分的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法分离并测定复方替硝唑栓剂中两组分的含量,为该制剂制订质量标准提供科学依据。方法 采用Symmetry C18柱（2．5cm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇：水：磷酸（65：35：0．1）,pH值=3．65,检测波长为282nm,流速为1．0ml／min。结果 替硝唑、克霉唑的浓度线性范围分别为41．50～207．50μg·ml^-1;21．22—106．10μg·ml^-1。平均回收率分别为97．63％、98．02％,RSD分别为0．85％、1．09％;结论 方法简便,结果准确,重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

富马酸氯马斯汀凝胶的研制与质量控制

目的 研制富马酸氯马斯汀凝胶剂,建立质量控制方法。方法 用卡波姆-940为凝胶基质,用分光光度法测定含量。考察制剂的稳定性。结果 该制剂均匀性、分散性好;含量测定平均回收率为99．78％,RSD为0．81％（n=3）。结论 该制剂制备工艺简单,质量可控。     

氯麻鼻用凝胶剂的制备和质量控制

目的 开发一种含有氯雷他定和麻黄碱的复方鼻腔给药新制剂.方法 以卡波姆为辅料,制备了氯麻鼻用凝胶剂;同时采用HPLC进行氯雷他定和麻黄碱的含量测定.结果 氯雷他定、麻黄碱的平均回收率分别为100.17%、99.99%;RSD分别为0.62%、0.67%.结论 该制剂处方合理、工艺简单、质量可控,适用于医院制剂.     

呋麻鼻用凝胶剂的质量控制

目的制备呋麻鼻用凝胶剂并建立其质量控制方法。方法用卡波姆934作为凝胶基质制备呋麻鼻用凝胶剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定呋喃西林和盐酸麻黄碱的含量,对制剂的稳定性进行了考察。结果呋喃西林在6.25~100μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),盐酸麻黄碱在312.5~5000μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率分别为99.80%和99.95%,制剂质量稳定。结论该制剂工艺简单,质量可控,稳定性好,可满足临床用药需求。     

氧氟沙星凝胶剂的研制和质量控制

本作研制了氧氟沙星凝胶剂，采用一阶导数光谱法测定含量，初步建立了质量控制方法，该制剂工艺简单，临床疗效好，质量控制方法准确可靠，适于医院制剂。     

托吡卡胺聚丙烯柄眼药膜的制备

目的：研制托吡卡胺聚丙烯柄眼药膜,并制定质量控制方法,考察稳定性、刺激性、散瞳作用,为进一步开发眼膜剂提供经验。方法：以聚丙烯输液袋制成眼药膜柄,以ＰＶＡ和ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ作为成膜材料。结果：制剂稳定,组方合理、刺激性小、散瞳作用明显、使用方便。结论：托吡卡胺聚丙烯炳眼药膜为一良好的新型带柄眼用膜剂。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.