椎弓根螺钉固定系统对特发性脊柱侧凸矫正效果的影响

目的:探讨经椎弓根螺钉固定对特发性脊柱侧凸矫正效果的影响。方法:66例特发性脊柱侧凸患者分别采用钩-棒、钩-钉-棒或钉-棒固定的方法进行矫正,对各组患者的一般情况、畸形程度、矫正效果和并发症进行分析比较。结果:各组在畸形程度、手术时间以及手术并发症等无显著性差异,椎弓根钉-棒固定组在冠状面和矢状面的矫正率和维持矫正效果均较钩-棒或钩-钉-棒固定组明显提高。结论:在不增加并发症的前提下,椎弓根螺钉固定可以提高特发性脊柱侧凸的手术矫正效果。     

僵硬性脊柱侧凸前、后路松解效果的比较

目的:比较前、后路松解在僵硬性脊柱侧凸分期治疗中的效果,分析前、后路松解的手术适应证。方法:79例僵硬性脊柱侧凸患者(均为先天性或特发性脊柱侧凸患者),分别一期行脊柱前路或后路松解,头颅骨盆环牵引2～5周,平均18d,二期行矫形内固定术。前路松解组40例,其中先天性脊柱侧凸18例,特发性脊柱侧凸22例。后路松解组39例,其中先天性脊柱侧凸19例,特发性脊柱侧凸20例。对两组患者松解术前、术后Cobb角及脊柱畸形改善率、手术时间和手术并发症进行分析比较。结果:前路松解组先天性脊柱侧凸患者的Cobb角由101°矫正至61°,特发性脊柱侧凸由96°矫正至53°;后路组先天性脊柱侧凸由106°矫正至78°,特发性脊柱侧凸由89°矫正至63°,脊柱畸形改善率前路松解优于后路松解(P<0.05)。两组的手术时间、手术并发症均无显著性差异。结论:前路松解的脊柱畸形改善率明显优于后路松解,前路松解更适合于僵硬性脊柱侧凸的一期松解,不适合行前路松解的患者可选择后路松解。     

Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度脊柱侧凸后路矫形的影响

目的探讨Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度先天性脊柱侧凸及特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形效果的影响。方法选取60例重度脊柱侧凸患者分为先天性脊柱侧凸组及特发性脊柱侧凸组,每组30例。CS组术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸分别为95．7°及70．2°。IS患者术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸为91．6°及50．6°。平均随访38个月。结果60例患者平均牵引23d,平均牵引重量16kg。IS组患者Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达39．3％、57．5％,胸椎后凸平均矫正33．7％。CS组Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达35．3％、45．2％,胸椎后凸平均矫正43．5％。两组患者后路矫形术后侧凸及后凸矫正率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。4例患者在牵引过程中并发臂丛神经麻痹,神经功能均在2个月内获得完全恢复。结论Halo-股骨髁上牵引可大幅提高脊柱侧凸尤其是特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

重度脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的:评价重度脊柱侧凸的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法:65例重度脊柱侧凸患者接受手术治疗。特发性脊柱侧凸17例,先天性脊柱侧凸30例,其它类型脊柱侧凸18例。术前侧凸Cobb角82°~171°,平均108°,其中32例合并后凸,后凸Cobb角60°~108°,平均81.8°。冠状面C7垂线偏移骶中线21~62mm,平均29.7mm。所有患者均有不同程度的肺功能减退,最大肺活量平均为正常值的52%。术前均进行详细的临床和影像学检查评价。根据患者的畸形部位、程度和特点选择包括一期或分期前路松解、半椎体切除、椎体截骨、后路松解、内固定、融合术等进行矫正。结果:所有患者安全完成手术,无死亡及神经损伤并发症发生。术后侧凸矫正36°~102°,平均53°(49.1%),后凸矫正31°~68°,平均47°(58.4%),C7垂线偏移平均矫正21.2mm。随访12~72个月,平均32个月,侧凸和后凸平均丢失分别为12°和8°,无假关节形成。最后随访时81%的患者对治疗结果表示满意。结论:详细全面的术前检查和适当的手术方法选择是重度脊柱侧凸矫正手术的关键,术中和术后的严密观察和及时处理并发症是获得手术安全的保证。     

脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的 探讨脊柱侧凸的分类与手术治疗的关系及其临床效果。方法应用三维矫正技术治疗10例脊柱侧凸(先天性5例,特发性5例)。结果随访6～30个月,10例脊柱侧凸矫正率平均40％,无手术并发症。结论脊柱侧凸明确分类、制定有效的手术方案是提高侧凸矫正效果的前提。     

King Ⅱ型特发性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的：探讨King Ⅱ型特发性脊柱侧凸患者三维矫形融合节段的选择。方法：1997年7月～2002年6月手术矫形治疗King Ⅱ型特发性脊柱侧凸患者79例，平均年龄14．3岁，其中King Ⅱ A型28例，均行选择性胸椎融合，平均融合椎体8．5个；King ⅡB型51例，均固定融合胸椎与腰椎，平均融合椎体11．8个。结果：术后平均随访35个月(12～57个月)，King ⅡA型胸弯矫正率为56％，King ⅡB型的胸弯矫正率为67％，腰弯矫正率为60％。共有5例躯干失平衡并发症，其余患者均获得较好的躯干平衡和矫形效果。结论：KingII型特发性脊柱侧凸进行选择性胸椎融合是可行的，但应慎重。     

King Ⅲ型特发性脊柱侧凸经胸侧前方椎体三维矫形术

[目的]探讨King Ⅲ型特发性脊柱侧凸经胸侧前方椎体三维矫形术的治疗效果。[方法]回顾本院2003年9月-2005年9月应用TSRH、CDH-M。等矫形器械对12例青少年King Ⅲ型特发性脊柱侧凸患者经凸侧胸腔于椎体侧前方行椎间松解、椎体三维矫形、植骨融合内固定术的临床资料，分析评价其手术并发症、侧凸矫正率及随访结果。[结果]术后出现肺部并发症2例，1例肺不张，1例呼吸道梗阻。经气管插管和呼吸机辅助呼吸后缓解。所有病例均未出现大血管损伤、脊髓损伤、肺炎和乳糜胸等并发症。术前胸椎Cobb’s角48^o～66^o，平均52．6^o。术后胸椎残余Cobb，s角平均15.2^o，矫正率77．8％。随访12～36个月，平均18．5个月。12例患者均获得了较好的节段性骨融合，矫正率无明显丢失，未发现假关节、内固定松动或断裂、失代偿等并发症。[结论]经胸椎体侧前方二维矫形手术是治疗King Ⅲ型特发性脊柱侧凸畸形的一种较安全、有效的内固定方式。     

儿童脊柱畸形的支具治疗

目的：探讨应用矫形支具治疗各种儿童脊柱畸形的临床效果及意义。方法：对本院1998年1月-2001年5月采用热塑支具治疗或辅助治疗的138例脊柱畸形患儿进行分组观察分析，包括特发性脊柱侧凸94例、先天性脊柱侧凸29例、脊柱后凸6例、脊柱结核7例、外伤性脊柱侧弯2例。结果：全部病儿均经过2～4年的随访，绝大多数有不同程度的畸形矫正，基本上达到矫治的预期目的。结论：由于儿童的病理及生理特点，支具对各种脊柱畸形均有不同程度的矫正作用，可有效地控制早期脊柱侧凸的发展，甚至可以避免手术或减轻手术患者侧凸的严重程度以及手术难度，减少并发症的发生。     

ISOLA与TSRH技术治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的 探讨应用ISOLA及ISRH技术治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效,分析各自相对通应症。方法 在1997年9月至2002年3月份间分别应用ISOLA(28例)及,TSRH(62例)技术治疗共90例特发性脊柱侧凸患者,对侧凸的矫正度、脊柱的平衡以及并发症等结果进行分析。结果 Cobb角小于65度的患者,ISOLA组矫正率率为67％,TSRH组矫正率为62％;Cobb角大于65度的患者．ISOLA组矫正率为59％,TSRH组矫止率为40％。结论 ISOLA及TSRH技术是治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的行之有效的矫形内固定方法对于脊柱侧凸角度超过65度,伴有脊柱侧后凸的患者,运用ISOLA技术矫正效果较好。     

两种矫形方法治疗成人特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的:比较单纯后路矫形术和一期前路松解、Halo-股骨髁上牵引加二期后路矫形术治疗成人特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:选取我院脊柱外科2003年1月～2007年12月收治的有完整影像学资料、Cobb角65°～90°的成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者30例,年龄20～30岁,平均23.4岁。均为初次手术,术前无神经损害。根据不同手术方法分为两组,行单纯后路矫形术的14例患者为A组,行一期前路松解、Halo-股骨髁上牵引及二期后路矫形术的16例患者为B组。两组患者术前侧凸Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、年龄、性别比、侧凸类型相匹配。随访时间为12～72个月,平均40个月。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间、并发症情况、侧凸矫正率和冠状面平衡情况。结果:平均手术时间和平均住院时间A组分别为6.7±1.2h和24±18d,B组分别为9.9±1.4h和41±10d,B组均显著长于A组(P<0.05)。所有病例术后均无瘫痪、呼吸衰竭、死亡等并发症发生。术后侧凸矫正率A组为(51.3±11.8)%,B组为(64.5±11.6)%,B组显著大于A组(P<0.05);胸椎后凸角、C7中垂线与骶骨中线的距离A组为20.6°±8.4°、1.32±0.65cm,B组为20.4°±6.7°、1.30±0.70cm,两组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时A组侧凸矫正丢失率为(3.5±2.4)%,B组为(2.8±1.5)%,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种治疗方案治疗中度成人特发性脊柱侧凸均可获得较好的畸形矫正,一期前路松解、Halo-双侧股骨髁上牵引可以增加侧凸Cobb角矫正率,但是存在显著增加手术时间和住院时间等不足。     

A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing surgical correction. OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate prospectively, at regular intervals, the changes in pulmonary function after surgical arthrodesis of primary thoracic and double primary thoracic-lumbar (double major) types of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a homogeneous population; 2) to compare the changes in pulmonary function after surgical correction relative to the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis; and 3) to determine if short- to midterm morbidity with respect to pulmonary function is associated with the type of surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effect of surgical correction on the pulmonary function of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is controversial. Studies have shown improvement, decline, or no change in pulmonary function after surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing surgical treatment at the authors' institution were prospectively evaluated with pulmonary function tests assessing volume (forced vital capacity and total lung capacity) and flow (forced expiratory volume in 1 second). Pulmonary functions were evaluated before surgery and after surgery at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, and at the final follow-up visit. All patients were divided into four groups depending on the surgical approach used for spinal fusion: Group 1 (n = 47) underwent a posterior spinal fusion with iliac crest bone graft; Group 2 (n = 33) underwent a posterior spinal fusion with rib resection thoracoplasty; Group 3 (n = 7) underwent an anterior spinal fusion with a rib resection thoracotomy; and Group 4 (n = 11) underwent a combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion with autogenous rib and iliac crest graft used, respectively. RESULTS: Patients in Group 1 had improved pulmonary function values at 3 months after surgery, whereas patients in Groups 2, 3, and 4 showed a decline at 3 months after surgery. Two years after surgery, Group 1 had significantly improved pulmonary function values (P < 0.0001), whereas the pulmonary function values of patients in Groups 2, 3, and 4 had returned to preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Patients with chest cage disruption during surgical treatment showed a decline in pulmonary function at 3 months after surgery. 2) In contrast, patients without chest cage disruption showed an improvement in pulmonary function at 3 months after surgery. 3) Irrespective of the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis, postoperative pulmonary function tests (absolute values) returned to preoperative values at 2 years after surgery. 4) Patients who had no chest cage disruption experienced a significantly greater improvement in two of their pulmonary function values at 2 years after surgery than patients with chest cage disruption.     

Thoracoscopic approach for spine deformities

BACKGROUND: We reviewed our experience using anterior thoracoscopic procedures in the correction of severe idiopathic scoliosis and kyphotic deformities to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of such procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgical correction of the spine between March 1995 and December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. A team consisting of one orthopaedic surgeon and one thoracic surgeon performed anterior thoracoscopic soft tissue release, disc excision, and bone grafting followed on the same day with posterior instrumentation and correction of deformity. RESULTS: There were 16 female and 8 male patients, with a median age of 16 years (range 11 to 47 years) with idiopathic scoliosis (20 patients) or kyphotic deformity (4 patients). The average time for the thoracoscopy was 125 minutes (range 60 to 175 minutes). Blood loss averaged 135 mL (range 20 to 350 mL), and a median number of five discs (range two to eight) were excised. The median ICU time was 2 days (range 1 to 8 days), and the median length of hospital stay was 6 days (range 4 to 11 days). One patient required conversion to an open procedure because of arterial bleeding from the cancellous bone (T5). Postoperative complications occurred in four patients (atelectasis, pneumothorax, pneumonia, and wound infection in one patient each). All patients had an uneventful hospital course after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic anterior procedures can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis and kyphotic deformity. This minimally invasive approach might decrease procedure-related trauma, operative time, blood loss, and length of hospitalization and may also alleviate postthoracotomy pain.     

Preoperative halo-traction in severe paralytic scoliosis

AIM: During the past decades the treatment of severe paralytic scoliosis has developed towards surgical treatment. However there is controversial discussion about the need of pre-operative Halo-traction. The aim of this study was to built two groups of patients -- one group with and another one without pre-operative Halo-traction -- and to compare the results after surgical correction of scoliotic deformity with data from literature. METHOD: Between 2000-2003 twenty-five patients with severe neuromuscular spine deformity were treated surgically. Eight patients had preoperative Halo-traction, seventeen patients underwent directly operative correction and instrumentation. The evaluation included the pre- and postoperative X-rays as well those after Halo-traction before surgery. RESULTS: In the group without Halo-traction the scoliotic angle according to Cobb was reduced from 77 degrees to 33 degrees on average (mean correction of 44 degrees [57 %]). In the group with Halo-traction scoliosis was reduced from 85 degrees to 33 degrees on average (mean correction of 52 degrees [61 %]). CONCLUSION: The preoperative Halo-traction in patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis indeed leads to radiologically higher correction, but this is not significant (p = 0.19) and only in single cases clinically relevant. In our point of view except from specific indications Halo-traction should not be applied in general as a standard procedure.     

Thoracic scoliosis fusion in adolescent and adult idiopathic scoliosis using posterior translational corrective techniques (Isola): is maximum correction of the thoracic curve detrimental to the unfused lumbar curve?

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Postoperative coronal decompensation in selective thoracic fusion was reported with derotation maneuvers when using the Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) system. Isola instrumentation is a multiple anchor system that corrects spine deformity with segmental vertebral translation to a predetermined contoured longitudinal member. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of translational corrective techniques using Isola instrumentation in thoracic fusion for adolescent and adult idiopathic scoliosis patients. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a retrospective review of adolescent and adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior thoracic fusion using translational corrective techniques with Isola instrumentation. PATIENT SAMPLE: Twenty-two patients (14 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, 8 adults with scoliosis) who underwent posterior thoracic fusion using translational corrective techniques were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES: The charts, radiographs and self-assessment questionnaire were reviewed. METHODS: Comparative analysis was done between patients who had Lenke Type A curves (Group 1) and Lenke Type B or C curves (Group 2) for both adolescent and adult scoliosis groups. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 54 months (range, 33 to 80 months). The mean preoperative Cobb angle of thoracic and lumbar curves in all 22 patients was 48 degrees (range, 34 to 64 degrees) and 31 degrees (range, 20 to 46 degrees), respectively. Postoperative measurements were 16 degrees (range, 0 to 28 degrees) for thoracic and 13 degrees (range, 2 to 25 degrees) for lumbar (67% thoracic and 60% lumbar correction) in Group 1, and 19 degrees (range, 1 to 33 degrees) for thoracic and 12 degrees (1 to 21 degrees) for lumbar at latest follow-up (61% thoracic and 61% lumbar correction) in Group 2. There was no difference in the final correction of the lumbar curves between Groups 1 (64%) and 2 (58%), although the Cobb angle in Group 2 was larger. Radiographic coronal decompensation occurred in only one patient in Group 2, who remained asymptomatic and required no further treatment. Clinical outcome assessment showed 100% satisfaction (n=15), 92% relief of symptoms (n=13) and 92% improvement of activities in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fusion of the major thoracic curve using translational corrective technique (Isola) in patients with idiopathic scoliosis is an effective procedure that achieves high patient satisfaction while providing excellent correction of both the thoracic and lumbar curves. Unlike rotational corrective techniques (CD), clinical decompensation requiring further treatment did not occur in any patient treated with this method.     

Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for pediatric patients with spinal cord pathology undergoing spinal deformity surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 38 pediatric patients with spinal cord pathology who underwent corrective spinal deformity surgery from January 1989 through June 1998. OBJECTIVES: To report reliability and specificity in obtaining intraoperative data in this population. These data were compared with monitoring results obtained in a group of pediatric patients with idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Reports in the literature suggest intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology may be of limited value. No optimal monitoring protocol has been suggested for this population. METHODS: The study group consisted of 38 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of spinal cord pathology who underwent corrective spinal deformity surgery from January 1989 through June 1998. All patients had lower extremity function. Somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials were used to monitor neurologic status during surgery. These data were compared with data obtained in 429 pediatric patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Study patients were divided into Group I, those who had had spinal cord surgery (n = 20), and Group II, those who had not (n = 18). RESULTS: Somatosensory evoked potentials were obtained in 93.2% and remained consistent with baselines in 87.2% of the study group patients. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials were obtained in 50.8% of the study subjects and remained consistent in 76.6% of those cases. The false-positive rate was 27.1% in the study group, compared with 1.4% in the group with idiopathic scoliosis. The study group had no true-positive or false-negative findings. Group I data differed from Group II data. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative monitoring should be used in patients with spinal cord pathology who undergo surgery for spinal deformity. Monitoring should not miss a neurologic deficit but demonstrates greater variability, resulting in more frequent use of an intraoperative wake-up test.     

Endoscopic instrumentation, correction, and fusion of idiopathic scoliosis.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Endoscopic techniques have been used since 1993 to treat thoracic disk disease. Thorascopic techniques evolved into means of treating not only disk disease but also correcting thoracic spinal deformity with instrumentation and fusion. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic instrumentation, correction, and fusion of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 50 patients who have undergone endoscopic instrumentation, correction, and fusion for scoliosis. PATIENT SAMPLE: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing treatment for primary thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of operative time, curve correction, and fusion rates were evaluated. METHODS: Fifty patients with the diagnosis of primary thoracic scoliosis underwent thoracoscopic techniques of instrumentation, correction, and fusion. On follow-up, the patients were evaluated for spinal alignment restoration, axial derotation, postoperative pain, rehabilitative time, and complications. RESULTS: The initial curve correction averaged 50%, improving to over 68% in the last 10 cases. Hypokyphosis correction averaged 21 degrees. Additionally, there has been a decrease in rehabilitation time, less time off work or school, and decreased blood loss and postoperative pain. There were 14 complications and no deaths recorded. The factors involved in a successful fusion include total diskectomy, complete cartilaginous end plate removal, and autogenous bone graft. CONCLUSIONS: The initial results of the thoracoscopic-assisted techniques for primary thoracic scoliosis are promising. As with most evolving techniques, surgical times are decreasing and rates of correction are improving.     

Surgical treatment of adult idiopathic scoliosis: long-term clinical radiographic outcomes

More adults are suffering from adult idiopathic scoliosis and seeking treatment for their spinal deformities. Adult idiopathic scoliosis can lead to painful spinal osteoarthritis, progressive deformity, spinal stenosis with radiculopathy, muscle fatigue from coronal and sagittal plane imbalance, and psychological effects with a visible deformity. Primary treatment of such conditions is conservative; however, some patients are resistant to conservative treatment or are not candidates for it, and they require surgery. Back pain is likely the most common indication for surgical treatment of scoliosis in adult patients. Pedicle screws offer 3-column purchase and a longer arm compared with hook placement on the lamina. This study is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis who were treated with pedicle screw placement. Significant back pain relief and satisfaction can be achieved and maintained over the long term. Restoration of coronal and sagittal balance, or improvement thereof, was achieved in all patients with balance problems. This study clarified several important characteristics of adult scoliosis, and we believe that useful conclusions can be drawn regarding its surgical indications and strategies: (1) pedicle screw construct can gain effective results for treatment of adult idiopathic scoliosis due to its perceived superior power of correction; (2) younger patients present for surgery for different reasons than older patients (progressive deformity or pain); and (3) pain improvement is a more reliable outcome in older patients than younger patients, although younger patients rarely have severe pain symptoms.     

Anterior fusion for idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: A review of the charts and radiographs of 22 patients with idiopathic lumbar, thoracolumbar, and thoracic scoliosis who underwent single-stage anterior fusion with rigid third-generation instrumentation and titanium surgical mesh implants. OBJECTIVES: To validate a new technique for scoliosis correction by assessing the initial correction of deformity, trunk shift, and rotation. Perioperative statistics as well as complications were reviewed. The maintenance of sagittal balance and rate of fusion were also determined after a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior correction of scoliosis has been the preferred method of treatment since the introduction of Harrington rods. Recent advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to approach scoliosis correction through the chest and abdomen. These new techniques must be validated before they become accepted alternatives to the standard of care. METHODS: One male and 21 female patients, aged 11-18 years, were observed for an average of 44 months. Matched-pairs t tests were used to compare pre- and postoperative curve measurements. RESULTS: Statistically significant curve improvements were seen when postoperative radiographs were compared with preoperative ones. The instrumented coronal plane curve was corrected 82%. A 65% spontaneous correction of the uninstrumented coronal plane curve was observed. Sagittal kyphosis improved 7 degrees, and apical rotation and tilt angles improved 71% and 80%, respectively. A mean loss of 4 degrees of correction was seen on final follow-up radiographs. Lumbar lordosis did not change significantly, and postoperative hyperlordosis was not detected. Ninety-six percent of all instrumented levels fused within 6 months. Although the perioperative complication rate was low, five patients (23%) had asymptomatic idiopathic retrolisthesis develop at the caudal end of the fused vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS: Accepted correction of idiopathic scoliosis can be achieved with anterior instrumented fusion alone.     

脊柱畸形手术失败原因与对策

目的探讨脊柱矫形手术失败原因、预防措施、处理方法及翻修手术适应证。方法31例患者,男18例,女13例;翻修手术时年龄4～35岁,平均14.7岁;既往平均手术史1.5次。初次手术距翻修手术时间平均47.9个月(13～114个月)。术前出现腰背部酸困疼痛、活动后加重16例,内植物并发症(断裂、松脱或外露等)5例,畸形进行性加重21例,下肢部分肌力和感觉障碍5例。翻修术前平均侧凸角75.3°,脊柱柔韧性9.8%;后凸角76°,柔韧性25.2%。分别采用脊椎截骨、椎弓根螺钉固定,原位固定和分期手术治疗。结果20例患者平均随访31.8个月,侧后凸平均矫正率分别为55.2%和67.5%。手术并发症:出现暂时性神经功能障碍4例(12.9%),经脱水、激素和电脉冲刺激等治疗,均在术后1～3周内得到完全恢复;内植物断裂2例,无其他严重并发症。结论正确掌握脊柱矫形手术治疗原则、良好的植骨融合、对先天性侧凸进行必要的内固定以及避免过早拆除内固定等,是防止矫形手术失败的有效手段。对有顽固性腰背痛、脊柱假关节和术后畸形进行性加重者,应根据患者年龄、畸形程度和脊柱柔韧性,采用不同的治疗方法。