睾丸肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声特征

目的 :探讨睾丸肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及其特征。　方法 :应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪 ,对 4 6例经手术病理证实为睾丸肿瘤病人的睾丸声像图和彩色多普勒血流图进行分析和比较。　结果 :4 6例睾丸肿瘤中除 4例为转移性恶性淋巴瘤和 6例睾丸间质瘤外 ,其余均为睾丸生殖细胞瘤。　结论 :彩色多普勒超声诊断睾丸肿瘤具有较高的准确性和特异性 ,是睾丸肿瘤的首选影像学检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断急性睾丸扭转4例

急性睾丸扭转是外科阴囊急症之一,是青少年阴囊急性肿痛的主要原因,多发生于外伤或运动后,在彩色多普勒超声出现以前,早期诊断睾丸扭转较为困难,现将近年来经我院彩超诊断并经临床治疗或手术证实的4例睾丸扭转报告如下。     

彩色多普勒超声在睾丸扭转诊断中的应用

<正>睾丸扭转是泌尿外科较常见的急症,多因剧烈运动或暴力损伤阴囊时螺旋状附着于精索上的提睾肌强烈收缩,导致扭转并引起睾丸的急性血液循环障碍。好发于青少年。虽然发病率低,但误诊率较高,易被误诊为急性睾丸炎、附睾炎,延治误治可导致睾丸坏死或不可逆性睾丸萎缩。故早期诊断对于保留睾丸及减轻患者痛苦具有重要意义。2012-01—2015-02,我院共手术治疗13例睾丸扭转患者,现将其彩色     

高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断价值.方法 对经手术证实的32例睾丸扭转患者的超声诊断结果及其彩色多普勒声像图特点进行回顾性分析.结果 超声首诊符合31例,诊断符合率96.88%.二维超声和彩色多普勒血流成像相结合,有助于对睾丸扭转的正确诊断.结论 高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断具有重要价值.     

彩色多普勒超声在睾丸扭转诊断中应用

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声在睾丸扭转诊断的应用价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声(CDU)对临床疑诊为睾丸扭转的17例患者的患侧睾丸和健侧睾丸进行检查对比。结果：经CDU确诊睾丸扭转5例，经手术及手法复位证实。结论：CDU对确诊睾丸扭转有重要意义，可帮助临床医师迅速做出诊断，指导治疗。     

男性不育与阴囊彩色多普勒超声异常

目的评价彩色多普勒超声对男性不育患阴囊检查的临床意义。方法对486例男性不育患行阴囊彩色多普勒超声检查,并将异常发现同临床体格检查进行比较。结果发现阴囊异常192例(39．5％)。其中精索静脉曲张141例(29．0％),附皋囊肿39例(8．0％),皋丸囊肿5例(1．0％),睾丸微小结石4例(0．8％),睾丸肿瘤3例(0．6％),该3例皋丸肿瘤在体格检查时均未触及。结论阴囊超声检查常能发现触诊触不到的阴囊异常,是诊断不育男性阴囊异常有价值的方法。     

甲状腺疾病的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺疾病的诊断。方法对230例甲状腺疾病的彩色多普勒超声检查进行分析,并与病理及实验室检查进行对照。结果甲状腺各种声像图的异常均源于甲状腺内部结构的病理改变。结论彩色多普勒超声是诊断甲状腺疾病的有效诊断方法。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫肌瘤的体会

目的总结分析应用彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫肌瘤的价值。方法将50例术前接受彩色多普勒超声检测的子宫肌瘤患者与术后病理诊断结果进行对比分析。结果彩色多普勒超声与术后病理诊断符合率96.00%(48/50),误诊率4.00%(2/50)。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫肌瘤具准确率高,操作简单,具有无创性和可反复检查。     

超声诊断睾丸网扩张与附睾头部精液囊肿体积的相关研究

目的:探讨超声诊断睾丸网扩张与患侧附睾头部精液囊肿体积大小的相关性。方法:整理分析新疆自治区人民医院超声科2005～2012年应用彩色多普勒超声诊断睾丸网扩张,并经手术或细针穿刺确诊合并睾丸网扩张附睾头部精液囊肿36例为病例组,不合并睾丸网扩张附睾头部精液囊肿病例44例作为对照组;比较两组族别、年龄、精液囊肿体积、患侧睾丸向心动脉阻力指数(RI)。结果:病例组与对照组对比:维吾尔族与汉族没有明显差异(P>0.05);平均年龄差异不显著(P>0.05);病例组附睾头部精液囊肿体积为(2.081±1.147)cm3,对照组为(1.009±0.848)cm3,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);病例组睾丸向心动脉阻力指数RI为0.644±0.099,对照组为0.608±0.116,两组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:附睾头部精液囊肿体积大小对于睾丸网扩张的形成有重要影响。     

阴囊疾病的彩色双工超声检查

彩色双工超声检查用于伴有血流变化的服囊疾病有重要的诊断价值，本文简述了其检查方法，超声解剖和常见病的诊断。     

Early Effects of Efferent Duct Ligation on the Rat Rete Testis

Early effects of efferent duct ligation (EDL) were studied in adult rats using histological serial sectioning and electron microscopy.
From 30 min to 3 h after EDL the rete cavities dilated and there was accumulation of sperm and cellular debris. The lumen of the transitional zone, the junction of the seminiferous tubules with the tubuli recti, opened and the Sertoli cell bodies straightened up. The direction of sperm tails in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules near the transitional zone changed suggesting a backflow from the rete towards the seminiferous tubules. These changes progressively increased until 12 h. The distensibility of various parts of the rete was unequal. Likewise, the susceptibility of the junctional zone to pressure effects was related on its structure and position. Early changes in the rete testis and the transitional zone epithelium were fully reversible and seemed to be caused by mechanical influence of flow direction only. No evidence of a valve function of the transitional zone was obtained.     

彩色多普勒对亚临床型精索静脉曲张不育患者的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒(CDFI)对亚临床型精索静脉曲张(SVC)不育患者的诊断价值。方法:采用CDFI检测56例精液异常不育患者的精索静脉,观察蔓状静脉血管内径及血液返流时间,并行X线选择性精索内静脉造影对照分析。结果:平静状态下蔓状静脉内径为(2.24±0.16)mm;Valsalva运动时内径为(2.67±0.26)mm;返流时间为(1 487±203.66)m s,CDFI检测SVC的准确性为92.8%。结论:在男性不育的病因筛选中,CDFI检测对SVC的诊断比临床型精索静脉曲张更有意义。     

Electron Microscopy (SEM and TEM) of the Rete Testis in the Monkey

The present report shows the topography of the rete testis in normal and ductuli efferentes ligated monkeys. The epithelium of the rete testis has been studied by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It shows two main surfaces. One covering the main cavity is rather flat with microvilli and ill-defined cellular limits. The other surface is found close to the opening of ductuli efferentes and shows bulging cupola-like cells with better defined limits, microvilli and blebs. Both zones have cells with one cilium. Many of the cupola-like cells show the presence of phagocytized spermatozoa in different stages of digestion. Phagocytic activity appears to be more pronounced in the ligated animals.     

The Ultrastructure of the Rete Testis and Its Permeability Barrier Before and After Efferent Ductule Ligation

The rete testis of the bull, ram, boar, goat, rabbit, cat and rat was lined with a simple epithelium that varied in height from flat to tall columnar. The ultrastructure of the rete epithelium did not indicate protein secretion. The presence of many microvesicles in the rete epithelium suggested that these cells might be involved in transport of substances across the epithelium. A few spermatozoa were observed within the cytoplasm of the apical part of the cells. Neighbouring cells were attached together by desmosomes and adluminal tight junctions. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were frequently observed between the rete cells near the basal lamina. The adluminal tight junctions between the rete cells efficiently blocked lanthanum from reaching the lumina of the rete channels. Efferent ductule ligation had no harmful effect upon the permeability of the blood-testis barrier in the rete testis as judged by lanthanum technique. A few myoid cells were found in the connective tissue of the mediastinum near the rete channels.     

On the Morphology of the Transitional Zones from the Rete Testis into the Ductuli Efferentes and from the Ductuli Efferentes into the Ductus Epididymidis. Investigations on the Human Testis and Epididymis

Transitions from the rete testis into the ductuli efferentes and from the ductuli efferentes into the ductus epididymidis were examined in the epididymes of 4 patients with prostatic cancer aged 65, 72, 77 and 78 years, in the epididymis of a 19 year-old accident victim and in the epididymis of an embryo of the 12th week. Concerning the former area, the results published up to now were confirmed. But according to our examinations, the transition from the ductuli efferentes into the ductus epididymidis is different from what has been described in the literature so far. In the adult human, the ductuli efferentes do not show end-to-side connections with the ductus epididymidis, but end-to-end junctions with "extensions" of the ductus epididymidis which finally join the ductus epididymidis end-to-side. However, in the epididymis of the embryo, one still finds end-to-side connections of ductuli efferentes and the ductus epididymidis. It was concluded that the extensions of the ductus epididymidis are formed during the development of the system of canaliculi in the epididymis from the embryonal stage to adult age.     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺癌的声像图特征分析

目的观察应用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺癌的声像图特征,分析高频彩色多普勒超声对诊断甲状腺癌的应用价值。方法对笔者所在医院2008年4月～2010年12月应用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺癌的声像图特征进行总结分析。结果甲状腺癌以乳头状癌最多见,其彩色多普勒超声的声像图特征主要表现为彤态不规则、边界清晰的低同声,内部多有钙化,以砂砾样钙化为多见,部分病例后方回声有衰减,含纤维组织越多的病灶,衰减越明显,病灶纵横比接近1：1,血流信号没有特点。滤泡状癌为低回声,多有完整包膜,边缘欠规整,血流多丰富。木分化癌与髓样癌体积较大,回声不均,无包膜,未分化癌常有坏死液化及钙化,髓样癌可有钙化。结论高频彩色多普勒超声的广泛应用为甲状腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了可靠的依据。     

On the Microscopic Anatomy of the Rete Testis A Scanning Electron Microscopic and Light Microscopic Study

The microscopic anatomy of the transitional zone of the seminiferous tubules, the tubuli recti and the rete testis in adult rats was studied with histological serial sections, semithin sections and scanning electron microscopy. In paraffin section most transitional zones of the seminiferous tubules seemed to be obliterated by the modified Sertoli cells. Thinner plastic sections showed always a lumen, however. PAS - positive material, throught to represent masses of degenerating spermatozoa surrounded by Sertoli cell nuclei was found in 20% of transitional zones. About 80% of the tubuli recti had an initial widening which surrounded the bulging Sertoli cell bodies of the transitional zones.
The intratunical rete consisted of five to seven intercommunicating channels, usually of small caliber. One wide communication was regularly present, however. The extratesticular rete was usually formed of two wide cavities. From their subdivisions the five to seven ductuli efferentes arose. The rete epithelium varied from very thin squamous to cuboidal and even columnar. The epithelial cells contained a flagellum surrounded by peripheral microvilli. Loose connective tissue was found under the epithelium of all parts of the rete.     

超声影像及彩色多普勒血流显像技术在成骨肉瘤诊断中的应用价值

作者通过１０１例成骨肉瘤的超声影像对比分析，论述了成骨肉瘤的超声图像及彩色多普勒血流显像的特征与结果。证实此种检查不仅能显示其骨质破坏、骨膜反应的特异性表现，而且还能清晰显示其周围软组织肿物，证实了超声影像在成骨肉瘤诊断中的应用价值。     

On the Morphology of the Transitional Zone of the Seminiferous Tubule and the Rete Testis in Man

Die Morphologie der Übergangszonen zwischen Samenkanälchen und Rete testis beim Menschen
Die Übergangszonen zwischen den Tubuli seminiferi und den Tubuli recti des Rete testis beim Menschen wurden licht-und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht.
Es ließen sich drei Anastomosierungstypen darstellen: End-zu-End-Anastomosen, End-zu-Seit-Anastomosen und Seit-zu-End-Anastomosen. Im Terminalsegment besteht das Keimepithel aus modifizierten Sertolizellen, zwischen denen vereinzelt Spermatogonien liegen. Das Tubuluslumen ist eng, die Lamina propria ist dick. Am Abschluß des Tubulus seminiferus sind die modifizierten Sertolizellen lippenartig in das Lumen des Tubulus rectus vorgewölbt. Die Sertolizellen des Terminalsegments sind gegenüber den normalen Sertolizellen charakteristisch verändert: die Zellkerne sind oval und glatt begrenzt, perinukleäre Einschlüsse fehlen, im apikalen Bereich des Zytoplasmas befinden sich zahlreiche Lipidtropfen und Residualkörper. Im gesamten Zytoplasma sind Mikrotubuli und Mikro-filamente vermehrt. Die Lamina propria besteht aus einer Basalmembran und aus unregelmäßig angeordneten Myofibroblasten, zwischen denen dicke Bündel kollagener Fibrillen das Terminalsegment ringförmig umschließen. Am Anfang der Tubuli recti findet man häufig ektopische Inseln des modifizierten Keimepithels, die um ein bindegewebiges Zentrum angeordnet sind.     

彩色多普勒超声在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声鉴别精索扭转和急性睾丸炎。　方法 :回顾性分析 13例急性睾丸疼痛病人的彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)表现和治疗情况。　结果 :8例显示睾丸内血流信号稀疏或消失 ,诊断为精索扭转 ,其中 1例手法复位成功 ,7例手术探查并得以证实。其余 5例显示患侧睾丸血流信号丰富 ,诊断为急性睾丸炎或睾丸附睾炎 ,经抗生素治疗后症状好转 ,超声复查显示血流减少。　结论 :CDFI在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要意义 ,可作为急性睾丸疼痛病人的首选检查方法