全科住院医师内分泌代谢疾病临床规范化培训问题与对策

提高全科住院医师规范化培训内分泌代谢疾病专业临床教学质量是培养合格的全科医生的关键。本文通过分析全科住院医师规范化培训中内分泌代谢疾病专业教学要求及目标,结合临床教学实践,从教学内容方法、师资水平以及全科住院医师自身情况3方面总结全科住院医师规范化培训中内分泌专业教学中存在的问题,并结合本专业临床教学特点,提出提高全科住院医师规范化培训中内分泌专业教学质量的具体实施建议,包括如何优化教学内容、教学方法实施、提高全科医师自我认知以及全科师资培训建议。     

强化临床“三结合”教学 引导医学生创新思维

江泽民主席在十五大报告中指出:“培养同现代化要求相适应的数以千计高素质的劳动者和数以千万计的专门人才,发挥我国巨大人力资源优势,关键在教育。”作为高等教育组成部分的医学高等教育,应努力贯彻江主席的指示,积极推行素质教育和创新教育。由于临床见(实)习课是临床医学教学过程中必不可少的重要环节,它有助于医学生强化大班课的理论知识,初步过渡到理论与实践的统一。同时也是加强医学生素质教育的重要途径。多年来的临床教学使我们体会到:实施素质教育,必须重视并强化临床教学“三结合”,在实践中培养学员创新意识。     

将介入治疗学引入内分泌临床教学的方法探索

介入治疗技术的引入为糖尿病的治疗提供了方向,自体骨髓干细胞移植及糖尿病下肢血管病变介入治疗为糖尿病及其并发症的治疗开辟了新的领域。我科将介入治疗学引入内分泌临床诊疗领域,面对这一全新的教学领域,我们在对既往临床教学经验不断总结的基础上,对将介入治疗学引入内分泌临床教学的方法进行了初步探索,取得了较理想的教学效果。     

多媒体技术在内分泌临床教学中的应用

计算机辅助教学（Computer Assisted Instruction，CAI）是教师利用计算机对信息进行贮存、处理和多形态呈现的功能来支持自己教学的一种方式，其基于对根据一定教学目的、表现特定教学内容、反映一定教学策略的多媒体软件的应用。本文就多媒体技术在内分泌临床教学中的应用进行初步探讨。     

循证骨科学在髋关节置换手术教学中的应用

骨科临床教学是医学生巩固理论知识，培养临床实践能力的重要阶段，是培养年轻骨科医生不可缺少的过程。但与其他临床学科相比，骨科临床教学具有一定的特殊性，主要表现在骨科学与影像学、生物力学、材料学等密切相关，骨科疾病种类繁多、分科广泛、病情复杂、治疗周期长等。当今世界循证医学的兴起，特别是循证骨科学的发展给骨科临床教学带来了新的机遇，为骨科临床教学带来新的实施方法。     

在临床医学教学中开展循证医学教育

循证医学(evidence-based m ed ic ine,EBM)的哲学思想起源于19世纪,作为与传统医学完全不同的医学模式,其理念已为越来越多的临床工作者所接受。本文依据国内外开展循证医学教育的成功经验,结合我们自身的临床教学体会,着重探讨了在内分泌临床教学中引入循证医学理念,指导临床实习生开展循证医学实践的重要性及意义。1循证医学的基本理论循证医学即“遵循证据的医学”,国外学者将其定义为:慎重、准确和明智地应用当前所能获得的最好研究依据,结合临床医生的个人专业技能与多年临床经验,考虑到患者的价值和愿望,完美地将三者结合,制定出适…     

心血管外科住院医师体外循环教学方法探讨

心血管外科是一个实践性、专科性很强的学科,如何使一个本科毕业学员迅速成长为一名合格的心血管外科医生是目前临床教学中面临的重要问题。为了使年轻的心血管外科住院医师更快更好地熟悉体外循环理论知识、掌握体外循环操作技能,我科根据实际情况,积极探索一些具有心血管外科特点的临床教学方法，总结出了提高体外循环教学质量的有效措施，取得了较好的临床教学效果，现总结如下。．     

八年制临床医学专业妇科内分泌学教学方法的调查

目的 调查北京协和医学院八年制医学生对妇科内分泌学的临床教学需求,并根据学生对教学的反馈意见及妇科内分泌疾病的特点探讨妇科内分泌学的教学特点与最佳方式.方法 2020?09?01—2020?12?31对北京协和医学院(PUMC)临床轮转的八年制医学生进行80份问卷调查,调查问题围绕学生对妇科内分泌相关疾病的学习难度、学...     

浅谈临床医学生科研素质的培养

临床教学是培养合格医生的重要环节，在某种意义上可说是高等医学专业教育中最重要的阶段。科研素质的培养应贯穿在整个临床医学教育之中。只有不断总结经验，加强临床教学，对学生全面培养，才能使我们的医学生不仅能够救死扶伤、治病救人，同时具备一定的科研素质和能力，为提高医学发展作出贡献。     

心血管系统临床教学的体会

临床教学是医学人才培养的重要内容，是医学生能否由理论进入实践、转变为临床医生的关键环节。循环系统的教学因其在诊断学、内科学中所占比例大、难点多，一直是同学学习、教员授课的重点及难点。多年来，我科承担了大量的临床教学任务，积累了一定的教学经验，通过临床教学，学生基本掌握了心内科常见病、多发病的诊断和治疗原则，取得了较好的效果。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.