纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合人工骨修复颅骨缺损的动物实验研究

目的研究纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合生物活性人工骨作为骨缺损修复材料的可行性。方法将人工骨材料的预制件植入人工形成的兔颅骨临界缺损区域内,通过大体标本观察、X线及锝(99mTc)亚甲基二磷酸盐核素骨显像检查评价该材料的骨缺损修复能力,并动态评价修复后受植区内的骨代谢变化。结果纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺生物活性人工骨具有良好的生物相容性,对颅骨及其颅内代谢无影响,可在兔颅骨临界缺损区域内引导骨再生。结论纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺生物活性人工骨材料具备骨缺损修复材料所需的良好生物学特性。     

致密多晶羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨的组织相容性 Ⅰ.颅骨缺损修复实验

为了解致密多晶羟基磷灰石植入后的组织反应,以及在骨缺损修复中的作用和材料/骨界面关系,将该人工骨材科植入兔颅顶骨缺损中,采用常规组织学方法,扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析法、X线检查作观察手段,对实验结果及意义、实验部位选择、实验骨缺损区大小等进行了探讨。     

纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原材料负载骨髓基质干细胞修复颅骨极限缺损的实验研究

目的:探讨纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原材料(nHAC)负载骨髓基质干细胞作为组织工程骨在修复颅骨极限缺损中的作用。方法:20只新西兰大白兔随机分为复合细胞组、单纯材料组、空白对照组。复合细胞组取自体骨髓基质干细胞并扩增诱导培养后通过负压抽吸及细胞基质膜包裹将细胞与材料复合。材料植入颅骨缺损后8周取材,行大体、X线、组织学观察及灰量测量来研究它们的骨修复能力。结果:复合细胞组成骨能力最强,且材料边缘及内部均有较好的成骨,单纯材料组有部分成骨,空白对照组未修复骨缺损。结论:纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原材料负载骨髓基质干细胞后是一种较为理想的骨替代材料。     

羟基磷灰石修复颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的　临床观察羟基磷灰石植入治疗颌骨缺损疗效。方法　对临床 11例术后颌骨缺损范围 2 .5～ 5 .5cm病例 ,采用块状羟基磷灰石修复颌骨缺损。结果　 11例切口均一期甲级愈合 ,无 1例出现术后感染和排异反应。结论　块状羟基磷灰石修复颌骨缺损 ,使病人短期内恢复功能和面部形态 ,减少了感染机会     

组织工程骨修复颅骨极限缺损种子细胞归宿的探讨

目的：检测纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原／聚乳酸材料（nHAC／PLA,nano-hydroxyapatite／collagen／Polyacticacid）与骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs,bone marrow stroma cells）在体外复合构建的组织工程骨修复兔颅骨极限缺损的能力,并探讨种子细胞的归宿。方法：将圆盘状nHAC／PLA与BrdU标记的自体BMSCs复合后,植入新西兰大白兔颅骨直径1．5cm全层缺损中。设自体髂骨组、空白对照组及nHAC／PLA组,术后8w、16w通过X线片、HE染色、Masson’s三色法染色、荧光组织学和免疫组织化学染色,观察比较颅骨缺损的修复情况及种子细胞的归宿。结果：nHAC／PLA＋自体BMSCs组修复颅骨缺损的能力强,与自体髂骨组类似,nHAC／PLA组材料修复骨缺损的能力较弱,但强于空白对照组,组织工程骨的成骨细胞由植入的种子细胞演化而来。结论：nHAC／PLA复合自体BMSCs具有良好的修复骨缺损能力。     

致密多晶羟基磷灰石煅石膏修复下颌骨缺损

用单纯羟基磷灰石或煅石膏修复骨缺损的效果已获临床肯定,近年屡见应用两者修复骨腔性骨缺损的动物实验报告。1992年,我们对两例下颌骨良性肿瘤术后的骨缺损应用致密多晶羟基磷灰石微粒煅石膏(ＨＡ-ＰＰ)修复,随访至今,效果满意,报告如下。材料与方法材料:将北京红星化工厂生产的“红化牌”分析纯硫酸钙置干燥箱内,经1200℃烘烤脱水,制成煅石膏。致密多晶羟基磷灰石微粒(四川省新津县龙马化工厂“龙马牌”,2040)与煅石膏以2∶1重量比混合均匀,分装小瓶,密封后与手术器械一起灭菌备用。方法:①剜除肿瘤、搔刮、烧灼骨腔彻底冲洗、止血、隔湿…     

胶原与羟基磷灰石复合人工骨的实验研究

以具有良好生物相容性和生物降解性的胶原为颗粒型羟基磷灰石人工骨的粘接成形剂,将ＨＡ－胶原复合材料植入狗下颌实验性骨缺损中,采用组织学、定量组织学和Ｘ线等方面法评价其骨缺损修复能力。研究结果发现ＨＡ－胶原复合人工骨具有良好的相容性、骨引导性,能与新骨形成紧密结合,抑制ＨＡ颗粒散动及改善其操作性能,胶原在植入后４周完全吸收。本研究表明,ＨＡ－胶原复合人工骨作为新的骨修复材料,人有良好的组织相容性和较理     

致密多晶羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨引导新骨形成的示踪观察

本实验采用荧光显微法,大体放射自显影和~(45)Ca掺入骨定量分析法示踪致密多晶羟基磷灰石微粒植入兔颅骨缺损后引导新骨形成过程,结果证实了该人工骨材料的骨引导作用。     

胚胎骨和羟基磷灰石复合移植的实验研究

以－７０℃冷冻同种胚胎骨和微粒型致密多晶羟基磷灰石（ＨＡ）复合移植修复兔实验生骨缺损，并以单纯ＨＡ植入作比较。结果显示，所有动物创口一期愈合，植入材料外形规则无排出，同位素骨显像示实验侧核素浓聚较对照侧高，组织学检查示，实验侧为多中心性成骨，成骨成，成骨量多，对照侧成骨慢，成骨量少，局限于植床边缘。实验结果表明，该复合材料具有良好的骨诱导和骨引导作用，免疫原性低，能加快骨缺损的修复，是一种较理想的     

鸵鸟骨转化多相钙磷陶瓷用于组织工程支架修复颅骨缺损实验研究

目的 观察鸵鸟骨转化多相钙磷陶瓷支架用于组织工程支架修复颅骨缺损的成骨性能.方法 来源于髂骨松质骨的自体骨髓基质细胞经含地塞米松、抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠的诱导液培养,直至培养皿底部形成一层膜性结构,用该膜性结构包绕多相钙磷陶瓷支架后将其植入兔颅骨缺损区.单纯支架材料植入和不植入材料作为对照.植入后4 w、8 w取材,通过X线片分析、大体和组织学观察评价其成骨性能.结果 支架/细胞复合物植入后4 w,在材料表面及孔隙内形成部分成熟骨和骨髓组织;植入后8w,更多的成熟骨形成,新形成的组织工程骨与颅骨融合.结论 支架/细胞复合物能够有效地修复颅骨缺损,鸵鸟骨转化多相钙磷陶瓷可能成为一种有发展前景的骨组织工程支架材料.     

组织工程材料大鼠颅骨缺损修复过程中的磨片三色染色观察

目的:用自体细胞复合含孔磷酸钙陶瓷修复颅骨极量骨缺损的SD大鼠骨组织工程模型标本,制作不脱钙磨片并通过改良Masson氏三色染色以观察新骨形成及其与支架材料的关系。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠 14只,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组 7只。全麻及无菌条件下取其左侧胫、股骨骨髓,体外诱导培养大鼠自体骨髓基质细胞。实验组将已分化的自体成骨细胞与含孔磷酸钙陶瓷复合用于修复同体大鼠颅骨极量骨缺损;对照组颅骨缺损处仅置入无细胞的单纯陶瓷。分别于术后 4、8、12、16、20、24及 28周每组各处死1只动物并取材,制成不脱钙磨片并进行改良Masson氏三色染色,光学显微镜下观察比较颅骨修复情况及其矿化程度。结果:实验组 4周时不脱钙磨片,即可见骨缺损修复中央区陶瓷孔隙内蓝色的新骨形成;随着时间的推移,形成新骨逐渐矿化成为红色的成熟骨组织, 28周时骨缺损修复区可见大片新骨呈岛状或条索状排列,其间的陶瓷支架部分已降解,同时加以墨汁灌注的磨片显示骨组织中已形成大量新生血管网。结论:以含孔磷酸钙陶瓷为支架的组织工程骨缺损修复明显优于单纯生物陶瓷修复法,磨片三色染色方法既可了解新骨形成及其矿化程度,又可观察新骨形成与陶瓷支架之间的关系。     

Use of a mineralized collagen membrane to enhance repair of calvarial defects in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate mineralized collagen membranes for enhancement of bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats received calvarial full thickness defects with a diameter of 8 mm. In 20 animals, the defects were covered with a mineralized collagen membrane, and 20 animals served as controls. After 6, 13, 26 and 52 weeks, bone regeneration was evaluated using undecalcified thick-section histometry. There was no clear enhancement of bone regeneration during the first 26 weeks after the operation. Bone regeneration underneath the membrane produced consistently thicker bone, albeit without statistical significance. Accumulation of membrane material occurred in the center of the defects surrounded by multinuclear giant cells during early stages of healing. After complete resorption of the membrane, significantly increased bone formation was seen after 52 weeks in the defects that had received membrane coverage. It was concluded that mineralization in the present form did not increase mechanical strength of the membrane to prevent interference of the membrane with bone regeneration in the defect. The reason for the increase in bone formation after resorption of the membrane after 26 weeks remains to be clarified.     

The effect of a hydroxyapatite impregnated PCL membrane in rat subcritical calvarial bone defects

ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the effect of polymeric-nanofibers membranes impregnated with microparticulate hydroxyapatite (HA) in the subcritical calvarial bone defects (SCBD) healing.DesignPCL membranes with and without HA were obtained by electrospinning. SCBD were perforated (3.3 mm) in left and right sides of 36 rat calvarias. The right-side SBCD of 18 animals was filled with HA mixed with blood clot and blood clot at the contralateral side. The remaining animals received PCL + HA membrane at the right-side SCBD and PCL membrane at the contralateral side. Animals were killed after 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Bone defect volume (in mm³) was measured by tomography (CBCT). Qualitative histological analysis and SBCD area (in mm²) were measured. Quantitative data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests.ResultsReduction of SBCD volume was observed in all treatments but PCL. Association with HA significantly improved bone healing induced by PCL and blood clot. PCL + HA induced the lowest SBCD volume at 60 and 90 days. Complete bone healing was not observed even at 90 days in SCBD treated with blood clot. In every period, more bone formation was observed for SCBD treated with membranes.ConclusionsWe concluded that both PCL membrane and HA were able to improve bone healing.     

新型双层骨引导再生壳聚糖膜修复大鼠颅骨缺损的实验研究

目的: 通过比较新型双层壳聚糖膜和Bio-Gide膜对大鼠颅骨缺损的修复效果,评估其作为引导骨再生膜的可行性。方法: 双层壳聚糖膜与MC3T3-E1细胞共培养,应用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）观察细胞对膜的黏附效果;采用cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）法在3、7和10 d检测膜的细胞毒性;选择18只Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠,随机分为A、B、C组,在其颅骨中线两侧制作5 mm的极量骨缺损,左侧为实验侧,覆盖双层壳聚糖膜,右侧为对照侧覆盖Bio-Gide膜,分别于术后第2、4及8周时处死各组大鼠,通过大体观察、微计算机体层扫描技术（micro-computed tomography,micro-CT）及组织学方法,评价2种膜修复骨缺损的效果。采用SPSS20.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果: 通过MC3T3-E1细胞在双层壳聚糖膜上培养2 d后的扫描电镜照片,观察到细胞较好地粘附于多孔层上。第3、7及10天时,实验组细胞相对增殖率分别为114.49%、107.17%和98.73%,细胞毒性级别为0或1级,表明膜的细胞毒性轻微。2周时,Bio-Gide膜组的骨形成量（BV）和骨体积分数（BVF、BV/TV）与实验组差异显著（P<0.05）;但在第4和8周时,2组的BV和BVF无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: 新型双层壳聚糖的体外和体内生物学性能符合GBR技术的要求,具有作为GBR膜的潜力。     

应用珊瑚／骨髓基质细胞／富血小板血浆组织工程骨修复兔颅骨缺损

目的：评价珊瑚／骨髓基质细胞（MSCs）／富血小板血浆（PRP）组织工程骨修复骨缺损的效果。方法：将兔MSCs悬液与同一供体来源的PRP混合后滴加到珊瑚团片上,形成珊瑚／MSCs／PRP复合物,用其修复MSCs和PRP来源兔颅骨极限缺损。自体颅骨或单纯珊瑚植入作为对照。术后6周和12周,通过组织学观察和组织形态测量分析．评价其骨修复效果。实验数据采用SPSS11．0软件包处理,两组之间差异采用t检验。结果：组织学观察显示,珊瑚／MSCs／PRP组,术后第6周,在整个缺损区珊瑚表面及其孔洞内有大量新骨形成;第12周,缺损区珊瑚完全降解吸收,被成熟的板层骨取代,缺损表现为完全的骨修复.图像分析显示：术后第6周和第12周,珊瑚／MSCs／PRP组的成骨量显著多于珊瑚组（P〈0．01）;术后第12周,珊瑚／MSCs／PRP组成骨量与自体骨组接近（P〉0．05）。结论：应用珊瑚作为支架材料、MSCs作为种子细胞、PRP作为内源性生长因子构建的组织工程骨修复骨缺损效果良好,与自体骨移植相近．是较理想的骨移植替代材料．     

胶原膜与羟基磷灰石修复牙槽骨缺损的远期疗效观察

目的：观察国产BME-10X型医用胶原膜与羟基磷灰石(HA)联合引导组织再生治疗牙周炎、根尖囊肿造成骨缺损的I临床疗效。方法：选择18例患者的9颗Ⅱ度根分叉病变牙的9个位点、11颗近远中二、三壁骨下袋牙的16个位点、6颗根尖囊肿牙，在骨缺损区填入HA后，用胶原膜覆盖，观察1年以上的愈合情况。结果：骨下袋病变成功率75％，根分叉病变成功率77.8％，根尖囊肿成功率100％。结论：胶原膜／HA引导再生术在牙槽骨缺损修复中有一定应用价值。     

类骨质羟基磷灰石修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的:了解类骨质羟基磷灰石(OHA)的生物相容性,初步探讨其作为骨替代材料的可行性。方法:12只新西兰白兔随机分为4组,在双侧股骨内侧髁形成9mm×4mm×5mm大小的缺损,分别植入OHA和对照材料,术后2、4、8、12周取标本,进行大体标本、X线、组织学切片、扫描电镜观察及成骨面积的定量分析。结果:实验组成骨细胞易于粘附、生长、增殖,骨小梁形成钙化早,新骨面积百分比高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论:类骨质羟基磷灰石是一种良好的骨替代材料,具有广阔的应用前景。     

The effect of bacterial cellulose membrane compared with collagen membrane on guided bone regeneration

PURPOSE

This study was to evaluate the effects of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes as a barrier membrane on guided bone regeneration (GBR) in comparison with those of the resorbable collagen membranes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

BC membranes were fabricated using biomimetic technology. Surface properties were analyzed, Mechanical properties were measured, in vitro cell proliferation test were performed with NIH3T3 cells and in vivo study were performed with rat calvarial defect and histomorphometric analysis was done. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used (α<.05).

RESULTS

BC membrane showed significantly higher mechanical properties such as wet tensile strength than collagen membrane and represented a three-dimensional multilayered structure cross-linked by nano-fibers with 60 % porosity. In vitro study, cell adhesion and proliferation were observed on BC membrane. However, morphology of the cells was found to be less differentiated, and the cell proliferation rate was lower than those of the cells on collagen membrane. In vivo study, the grafted BC membrane did not induce inflammatory response, and maintained adequate space for bone regeneration. An amount of new bone formation in defect region loaded with BC membrane was significantly similar to that of collagen membrane application.

CONCLUSION

BC membrane has potential to be used as a barrier membrane, and efficacy of the membrane on GBR is comparable to that of collagen membrane.