保留肋骨间神经和胸前神经入路对乳腺癌术后并发症发生率及预后的影响

目的:探讨保留肋骨间神经的入路方式、经胸前神经入路方式用于乳腺癌手术中的效果.方法:选取择期接受改良乳腺癌根治术的80例患者作为观察对象,随机分成观察组与对照组,每组40例.对照组在手术入路上采取经胸前神经入路,观察组采取经胸大肌前入路保留肋骨间神经,比较两组围术期指标、术后并发症与生命质量.结果:两组患者在手术时间、...     

42例改良乳腺癌根治术的临床分析

目的：探讨改良乳癌根治术保留胸前神经及肋间壁神经的方法和临床意义。方法：选择Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳癌患者42例，采用经胸大肌前入路清扫腋窝淋巴结，保留胸小肌、胸前神经及肋间神经。结果：28例有效地防止胸大肌萎缩，只有14例有轻度萎缩，保护了胸部美观，预防了上肢感觉障碍。结论：保留胸前神经及肋间壁神经的改良乳腺癌根治术能够有效地防止胸大肌萎缩和患侧腋窝上肢感觉障碍的发生率。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后胸大肌功能的临床评估

目的应用肌力测定、B超和肌电图对乳腺癌改良根治术后胸大肌功能进行评估,探讨保留胸前神经在乳腺癌改良根治术中的意义。方法回顾性分析从2001年1月至2003年12月行乳腺癌改良根治术的46例患者,术后应用肌力测定、B超和肌电图对胸大肌功能进行检测的结果。结果在不同分组中肌力测定显示胸大肌的肌力均为5级,差异无统计学意义。B超和肌电图检查在不同分组结果中存在差异。结论对乳腺癌改良根治术后胸大肌功能进行评估,应用肌力测定法不够精确,用B超和肌电图能较好地反映胸大肌的功能状态。提示在乳腺癌改良根治术中有意识地保护胸前神经的重要性。     

保留肋间臂神经和胸前神经在乳腺癌改良根治术中的临床意义

目的 探讨保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经在乳腺癌腋淋巴结清扫术中的方法 及临床应用价值.方法 2000年3月至2007年3月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲa期乳腺癌患者288例,随机分为两组,试验组152例,保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经.对照组136例,切除胸前神经和肋间臂神经.术后对患者上臂内侧感觉功能和胸大肌萎缩度进行随访.结果 试验组患侧上肢感觉异常发生率为39.5%,对照组发生率55.9 %,两者相比均有显著性差异 ( P<0.01).术后胸大肌重度萎缩:试验组78例,对照组105例,两组相比均有差异性.结论 在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲa期乳腺癌改良根治术中施行保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经是可行的,它保存了患侧上臂内侧及腋部皮肤感觉功能和胸大肌的外形,明显减少术后患者上肢感觉障碍和疼痛,提高了患者的生活质量.     

乳腺癌Ⅱ式改良根治术中胸大肌神经血管的保护及其意义(附21例报告)

目的：探讨在乳腺癌Ⅱ式改良根治术中胸大肌神经血管保护的方法及其意义：方法：回顾性分析近4年施行乳腺癌Ⅱ式改良根治术的21例病人的临床资料。术中确切分离出支配胸大肌的神经和血管并加以保护，切除胸小肌，保留胸大肌，淋巴结清除范围等同于乳腺癌根治术(Halsted手术)。结果：21例实施保留胸大肌神经血管的改良Ⅱ式根治术均顺利完成，术后伤口愈合良好，患侧上肢及肩关节功能恢复满意。结论：在乳腺癌Ⅱ式改良根治术中确切保护好支配胸大肌的神经和血管是改善病人术后患侧上肢及肩关节功能的重要措施，可明显提高病人术后生活质量。     

乳腺癌扩大根治术功能性保留胸大肌36例

自1984年Patey等报道乳腺癌改良根治术后,这一毁容较小的手术逐步为人们所接受,国内外相继出现了类似报道.但是,由于改良根治术时,只保留了胸大肌,而不保留支配该肌的神经,将引起肌肉萎缩,严重者与标准Halsted术式并无区别,失去了保留胸大肌的实际意义.近年来提出了既能使胸大肌及其支配神经完全保留,又能彻底扩清淋巴结,即所谓功能性根治术.作者自1987年至今对36例乳腺癌扩大根治术作了功能性保留胸大肌,效果满意.临床资料     

保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经的乳腺癌改良根治术疗效分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者行乳腺癌改良根治术中保留胸前神经(ATN)和肋间臂神经(ICBN)的可行性及临床意义.方法:在125例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者中,行改良根治术时完整保留ATN和ICBN65例,切除60例.比较两组患者术后胸肌萎缩情况和上臂内侧及腋窝部皮肤感觉功能.结果:保留ATN和ICBN组65例,重度胸肌萎缩2例.切除...     

乳腺癌改良根治术一种新的入路保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经60例临床分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌改良根治术腋窝淋巴结清扫,保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经的手术方式及其临床意义。方法:选择I期、II期乳腺癌患者60例,在行腋窝淋巴结清扫时改进入路,游离并保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经,术后测试胸大小肌萎缩情况和患侧上臂内后侧的感觉和运动功能。结果:60例患者术后胸肌均无明显萎缩现象,上臂后内侧感觉异常发生率为5%(3/60),3个月后感觉异常症状消失,随访1个月～3a。60例均无肿瘤局部复发。结论:腋窝淋巴结清扫新入路既有利于清扫淋巴结,又容易显露神经,而且保留了胸前和肋间臂神经,既保存了上臂内侧及腋部皮肤感觉功能,又改善患者术后生活质量,值得临床上推广应用。     

保留肋间臂神经在乳腺癌改良根治术中的意义

目的探讨保留肋间臂神经OCBN）在乳腺癌改良根治术中的方法和临床意义。方法选择拟行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者128例随机分成两组,实验组64例．经胸大肌行入路清扫腋淋巴结,保留ICBN;对照组64例,清扫腋窝淋巴结同时切除ICBN。术后对两组患者术后并发症、上肢内侧感觉功能进行随访观察。结果两组乳腺癌根治术,手术过程顺利,实验组患者术后上臂感觉障碍发生率为12.8％,而对照组高达40．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对乳腺癌行改良根治术的患者,术中保留肋间臂神经可明显减少术后患侧上臂内侧感觉障碍的发生率,不增加手术并发症的发生,不影响手术的根治性。     

保留肋间臂神经和胸肌神经在乳腺癌腋淋巴结清扫术中的应用

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术中保留肋间臂神经和胸肌神经的方法及临床应用价值。方法选择98例早期乳腺癌手术病人，分成2组：A组56例，在腋淋巴结清扫术中保留胸大肌、胸小肌，同时保留胸肌神经及肋间臂神经；B组42例腋淋巴结清扫术中切断肋间臂神经及胸肌神经，术后对比分析胸肌萎缩情况及患侧上臂、腋部感觉功能。结果A组胸大肌轻度萎缩22例（39．3%），无重度胸大肌萎缩；患侧上肢感觉障碍6例（10．7％）。B组胸大肌重度萎缩33例（78．6％），轻度萎缩9例（21．4％）；患侧上肢感觉障碍36例（85．7％）。2组比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0．05）。结论乳腺癌手术中保留肋间臂神经和胸肌神经是可行的，可以有效防止患侧腋部及上肢感觉障碍的发生和胸肌萎缩，改善乳腺癌患者的术后生活和生存质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.