CTA在中晚期宫颈癌TACE治疗中的应用研究

目的分析CTA在中晚期宫颈癌经动脉导管内化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析连续采集的50例中晚期宫颈癌患者(年龄26～70岁,平均46岁)的数据;研究对象按纳入时间顺序分成三组,对应每组的患者分别为20、20、10例。第1组的患者直接行DSA寻找明确靶血管后行TACE治疗;第2组在CTA协助下,配合DSA确定靶血管后行TACE治疗;第3组尽可能不做DSA,依靠透视和CTA判断靶血管再行TACE治疗。所有患者均在TACE前进行了CTA检查,两名放射诊断医师独立分析CTA得出统一结果。衡量三组患者TA-CE治疗效率;研究对比参数包括:手术时间、透视时间、患者的辐射剂量、对比剂剂量等;对参数进行t检验。结果经CTA和DSA判断46例患者的靶动脉为双侧子宫动脉,并进行了常规经双侧子宫动脉TACE治疗(第1、2、3组研究对象对应的病例数分别是20、16和10例)。4例患者CTA图像双侧子宫动脉显示不清,术中DSA显示子宫动脉细小,导管进入困难,后行双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗。研究患者共100支子宫动脉中有92支(92%)在CTA中清晰显示。第2、3组对比第1组患者,在CTA帮助下并且少用DSA可使经双侧子宫动脉TACE手术时间缩短,从90.2min缩短到50.5 min(P=0.036),术中透视时间从28.3 min缩短到17.5 min(P=0.032),剂量面积乘积从109.5Gy.cm2降低到24.5 Gy.cm2(P<0.001),对比剂用量从100.4 ml降至25.0 ml(P<0.001)。结论 CTA在中晚期宫颈癌TACE术中运用有助于识别靶动脉,提高TACE治疗效率。     

明胶海绵条与明胶海绵颗粒在栓塞子宫动脉治疗切口妊娠中的疗效对比研究

目的 探讨明胶海绵2种栓塞剂型栓塞子宫动脉后清宫治疗子宫切口妊娠疗效对比.方法 收集本院94例确诊为子宫切口妊娠患者的临床资料,按照栓塞方式的不同,将其分为明胶海绵颗粒栓塞组(49例)和明胶海绵条栓塞组(45例).分别对其清宫术中总出血量、介入术后疼痛程度、介入手术费用、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)降至正常的时间进行对比.结果 明胶海绵条栓塞组在术后患者疼痛程度、介入手术费用方面明显优于明胶海绵颗粒栓塞组,而在清宫术中总出血量、β-HCG降至正常的时间差异无统计学意义.结论 用明胶海绵条代替明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉后行清宫术治疗切口妊娠可以显著降低患者介入术后疼痛,降低患者手术费用,值得临床推广.     

输尿管动脉栓塞在难治性产后出血介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨输尿管动脉向子宫供血的特点及其在介入栓塞治疗难治性产后出血中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析3例难治性产后出血的盆腔侧支血管数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及经动脉栓塞(TAE)止血情况.结果 3例患者均有输尿管动脉参与子宫供血,其中2例起源于髂外动脉,1例起源于子宫动脉和髂外动脉,将其栓塞后产后出血得到有效控制.结论 输尿管动脉是参与子宫供血的重要侧支血管;输尿管动脉参与子宫供血是单纯子宫动脉/髂内动脉栓塞后止血效果不佳的重要原因之一.     

The Efficacy of Gelatin Sponge in Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancers with Hemorrhage

目的 探讨药物明胶海绵颗粒在中晚期宫颈癌合并出血中的应用价值.方法 23例中晚期宫颈癌患者,采用Seldinger经皮穿刺方法灌注双侧子宫动脉或髂内动脉前干,再用化疗药物中的一种细胞周期特异性药物与明胶海绵颗粒充分混合栓塞子宫动脉或髂内动脉前干.术后观察止血情况、肿块大小变化及与周围组织的边界情况.结果 (1)23例宫颈癌合并出血患者出血在术后2～3天均得到完全控制,总有效率100％;(2)原发灶经双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗及药物明胶海绵栓塞后,所有病例临床症状均有明显改善;(3)2例行1次介入治疗后肿块完全消失;7例在介入治疗后1个月改行妇科手术宫旁浸润得到明显改善;其余14例在行2～3次介入治疗后9例获得了二次妇科手术机会,术中出血少,肿块周边界限清晰,另外5例介入前分期在Ⅲb以上,尽管介入治疗次数达到了2～3次,局部肿块得到了一定控制,但周边淋巴结控制不明显.结论 对于中晚期宫颈癌合并出血患者,药物明胶海绵栓塞肿瘤的供血动脉治疗不仅可以起到直接阻断肿瘤血供,有利于出血部位止血,而且因明胶海绵的吸附作用,可以使药物长时间释放并作用于肿瘤细胞,达到双重治疗目的,不失为一种行之有效的治疗方法.     

宫颈癌供血动脉灌注化疗及栓塞选择

目的　探讨宫颈癌子宫动脉灌注栓塞的临床应用价值。方法　 78例经病理证实的宫颈癌 ,分期为 :Ⅰ期 13例 ,Ⅱ期 2 8例 ,Ⅲ期 2 2例 ,Ⅳ期 4例 ,残端癌 3例 ,多次放化疗无效 8例。所有病例做子宫动脉选择性插管行灌注栓塞治疗。结果　有效率为82 .1% ,治疗后 2 8例行广泛性全宫切除术 ,2 7例做放射治疗 ,8例做全身化疗。治疗后有 3例出现阴道宫颈破溃 ,急性肾功能衰竭1例 ,尿失禁 2例。结论　子宫动脉灌注栓塞是宫颈癌有效的辅助治疗方法。     

盆腔动脉灌注化疗在晚期及复发性宫颈癌治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨髂内动脉灌注化疗在晚期及后复发或未控的宫颈癌综合治疗中的最佳时机及其价值。方法：对40例晚期（包括局部晚期）、治疗后复发或未控的宫颈癌者进行髂内动脉灌注化疗。患者年龄27－67岁，平均年龄48岁。全部病例均采用Seldinger技术经右侧股动脉穿刺向双侧髂内动脉内灌注化疗药物。治疗疗效及所致毒性均按世界卫生组织（WHO）制定标准判定。结果：全部病例随访时间3．0－120．0个月，平均30．9个月。总的临床有效率（完全缓解＋部分缓解）为57．5％。其中介入治疗前未行其他治疗的13例全部达到临床有效（完全缓解7例＋部分缓解6例），其平均生存时间达105．0个月。介入治疗前经过其他治疗[ 包括手术和（或）放、化疗]但病情未控或复发的27例中完全缓解2例，部分缓解8例，其平均生存期为17．0个月（3．0－40．0），中位生存期仅为14．0个月。治疗后最常出现的毒副作用有发热、恶心、呕吐及血白细胞头减少症等。其中有3例患者在灌注化疗后出现了臀及会阴部的皮肤黏膜组织溃疡、坏死。结论：对于晚期宫颈癌患者应尽可能在手术及放射治疗前或放射治疗 同时进行髂内动脉灌注化疗，以提高疗效、延长患者生存期。     

综合应用碘油、PVA、明胶海绵颗粒介入治疗子宫肌瘤的临床研究

目的探讨应用碘油、PVA、明胶海绵颗粒介入治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果.方法对36例子宫肌瘤进行选择性双侧子宫动脉栓塞灌注碘油、PVA、明胶海绵,随访3～20个月,平均9个月,观察术后症状缓解情况,子宫缩小和肌瘤缩小程度.结果36例右侧股动脉穿刺操作全部成功.子宫肌瘤动脉造影,表现为子宫动脉明显增粗、迂曲、分支增多、子宫增大、肿瘤染色灶明显.栓塞后肌瘤染色灶明显消失,栓塞剂加用抗生素,术后反应(发热、疼痛、呕吐)明显减轻,子宫肌瘤缩小率46.3%～91.7%,其中肌瘤缩小50%以上占86.6%,性激素术前、术后无明显差异.结论综合应用碘油、PVA、明胶海绵颗粒介入治疗子宫肌瘤是非手术治疗的良好方法.     

PVA颗粒和明胶海绵联合栓塞在急性大咳血治疗中的临床应用和疗效观察

目的:探讨PVA颗粒和明胶海绵联合栓塞支气管动脉在急性大咯血中的临床应用.方法:采用Seldinger法对我院1996年～1998年收治的48例急性大咯血患者经内科保守治疗无好转的35例行PVA颗粒(PVA直径300～500μm)联合明胶海绵(1mm×1mm×1mm)在路径的引导下经支气管动脉进行栓塞,并进行2年内随访观察.结果:技术成功率为91.4%(32/35),在32例成功栓塞患者中,即时止血成功率96.8%(31/32),30天止血率90.6%(29/32),1年内的止血率62.5%(20/32),2年内的止血率43.7%(14/32).结论:采用PVA和明胶海绵联合栓塞支气管动脉对于急性咯血患者是必要应急治疗,是一种及时有效的方法.     

明胶海绵加丝线微粒栓塞支气管动脉治疗大咯血

目的：观察明胶海绵加丝线微粒栓塞支气管动脉治疗大咯血中的疗效。方法：22例急性大咯血患者，男14例，女8例，支气管扩张症12例，肺结核6例，肺癌并出血4例，均用海绵加丝线粒栓塞。结果：22例患者术后咯血量明显减少，3天后咯血完全停止，1例1周后复发经第二次栓塞止血。所有病例组随访四个月以上均无复发。结论：支气管动脉栓塞控制急性大咯血为有效、安全的微创手术。     

Efficacy of Portal Vein Embolization with a Procedure of Sheath Injection and Balloon Occlusion with Gelatin Sponge

Introduction:To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and associated complications of a novel and simple approach to portal vein embolization that utilizes sheath injection and balloon occlusion (PVE-SIBO) with gelatin sponge (GS) for the purpose of increasing future liver remnant (FLR) volume.Methods:Between 1 January, 2006, and 31 August, 2020, 20 patients (15 men, 5 women, aged 64.6 ± 10.2 years) diagnosed with hepatobiliary malignancy underwent presurgical PVE-SIBO at our institution via a percutaneous transhepatic approach to the right portal vein and embolization of the portal vein with GS. We evaluated the increased ratio of FLR volume, operation duration, recanalization rate, and complications following this procedure.Results:All procedures were successful and without complications such as subcapsular hematoma, intra-abdominal bleeding, and bile leakage. The increased ratio of FLR volume was 34.7 ± 23.7% after a mean of 14.3 ± 2.57 days, and there was a significant difference in the FLR volume before and after PVE (P < 0.01). Procedure time was 52.7 ± 11.4 minutes.Conclusion:PVE-SIBO with GS is a simple, effective, and safe procedure to increase the ratio of FLR volume prior to hepatic surgeries.     

13例骨盆骨折大出血的急诊介入治疗

目的:探讨经导管选择性血管栓塞术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折所致大出血的临床价值。方法:对13例骨盆骨折所致大出血合并失血性休克的患者进行选择性动脉造影,均发现髂内动脉或其分支出血,并对出血动脉进行栓塞。结果:13例失血性休克患者栓塞成功,手术均在1～2h完成,复查DSA,动脉出血停止,血压稳步上升并保持稳定。结论:急诊经导管选择性栓塞髂内动脉是治疗骨盆骨折所致大出血的首选方法,具有安全、迅速、准确、疗效高的优点。     

Randomized Comparison of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Versus Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy and Gelfoam Embolization for Treatment of Advanced Cervical Carcinoma

Purpose: We evaluated the effects of intra-arterial infusion therapy by comparing the results obtained with a combination of intra-arterial anticancer drugs with and without transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients with cervical cancer. Methods: Between April 1999 and March 2003, intra-arterial therapy was administered to 45 patients (mean age 49 years) with cervical cancer. Of these, 18 had stage IIb , 4 had stage IIIa, 19 had stage IIIb, and 4 had stage IVb cancer; the histopathologic types were squamous cell carcinoma (n = 35), adenocarcinoma (n = 8), and adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 2). A total of 45 patients gave their informed consent and were randomized on a continuous basis into one of three groups according to the therapeutic protocols: group A consisted of 15 patients who received cisplatin, group B consisted of 17 patients who received cisplatin, mitomycin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and 5-fluorouracil, and group C consisted of 13 patients who received cisplatin and TAE. Each protocol was administered twice with a 3 week interval between treatments. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of the tumor reduction ratio (%) using MR imaging and the side effects were analyzed. Results: In groups A, B, and C, the tumor reduction ratio was 54%, 84%, and 86%, respectively; it was significantly greater in groups B and C than in group A (p < 0.01). The difference between groups B and C was not statistically significant. Although all group C patients developed severe pain after TAE, the pain was controlled with analgesics. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 6 of 17 (35%) group B patients. Conclusion: Group B and C patients had better tumor reduction than those in group A. Fewer hematologic complications occurred in group C patients compared with group B.     

骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的临床价值。资料与方法 15例骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血患者,经抗休克、止血等内科保守治疗无效,在外伤后2～5h行急诊血管造影,根据造影结果,选用明胶海绵颗粒或细条、不锈钢圈栓塞髂内动脉或出血动脉分支。结果 除1例在造影过程中死亡而未行栓塞外,其余14例均在1h内完成栓塞治疗,成功率93．3％（14／15）,栓塞后活动性出血停止,失血性休克得到纠正,有效率达100％（14／14）,其中12例经康复治疗后出院,2例因发生弥漫性血管内凝血（DIE）或合并颅脑损伤而死亡。未出现严重的栓塞后并发症。结论 经导管动脉栓塞是急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

子宫动脉药物灌注动脉栓塞刮宫术联合治疗颈妊娠的应用研究

目的 评价经子宫动脉化疗灌注，动脉栓塞，刮宫术联合应用治疗宫颈妊娠的疗效。方法 9例宫颈妊娠患者中7例行超选择性子宫动脉插管并通过灌注甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、运用自制明胶海绵颗粒栓塞后联合刮宫术进行治疗，另2例因发生大出血仅行子宫动脉栓塞和刮宫术，所有患者术后均观察β-HCG值变化。结果 9例患者中7例子宫动脉灌注、栓塞治疗均成功，2例大出血患者经栓塞后出血即停止，所有患者术后顺利行刮宫术，出血量仅为5mL-10mL，一周后β-HCG下降，均无与操作有关的严重并发症发生。结论子宫动脉药物灌注，动脉栓塞，刮宫术联合治疗宫颈妊娠是一种安全、简便、有效的方法，这项技术必将得到广泛的应用。     

Neoadjuvant Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Uterine Cervical Cancer: Clinical Efficacy and Factors Influencing Response

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy (NAIC) for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer, and to analyze factors influencing the response to the chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty-four patients with invasive cervical cancer more than 4 cm in diameter were enrolled in this study. NAIC was performed using cisplatin-based regimens. The response was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examination of surgical specimens. Pretreatment factors involved in the response to NAIC were evaluated and the relationship between the factors and the prognosis was assessed. Results: Clinical response was achieved in 28 (82%) patients. Thirty-one of 49 invasions in the parametrial halves disappeared. Seventeen of 28 lymph node swellings responded to NAIC. Six of the 14 stage III patients became operable. In the 19 surgical cases, pathologically complete responses were found in four. Twenty-eight of the 38 parametrial halves were free from cancer. No lymph node metastases were found in eight patients. Initial tumor volume was found to be an independent, significant determining factor of the response to NAIC. Patients with initial tumor volumes less than 80 cm³ had a significantly better estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate compared with those with larger tumors. Conclusion: NAIC for locally advanced cervical cancer is useful for preoperative tumor reduction. Tumor volume is a significant determining factor for the response to NAIC.     

LEEP刀治疗宫颈病变的疗效观察及护理

目的：研究超高频电波刀（LEEP刀）治疗各种宫颈疾病（包括宫颈糜烂、宫颈息肉、宫颈湿疣、子宫颈上皮内瘤病变、宫颈肥大等）的临床疗效以及术后最佳护理措施。方法：选择2009-01～2010-12于我院就诊,并明确诊断患有宫颈疾病的患者302例,其中宫颈湿疣16例,宫颈肥大31例,宫颈上皮样瘤变（即CIN）49例,宫颈息肉105例,宫颈糜烂101例,根据术中情况给予LEEP刀环切或锥切术治疗,并切除病理组织送活检。同时记录手术时间,观察患者的一般情况及伤口出血情况,并给予积极合理的护理措施,观察患者的预后情况。结果：本组302例患者,手术时间最长为9 min,最短为4 min,平均时间为6.2 min,术中出血量最多为16 mL,最少约4 mL,平均10.2 mL,临床上给予积极、合理、耐心的护理措施,及时止血,注重伤口卫生,防止感染,患者局部症状均有所好转。出院后2月,护理人员以电话采访形式进行随访,302例患者均成功治愈,无特殊不适。结论：LEEP刀使用方便简单,手术时间短,安全系数高,术中危险性较小,术后不良情况较少,费用较低,配合护理人员积极、合理、耐心的护理,对于多种宫颈病变有显著临床疗效,术中可随时选取标本进行活检,可以早期发现宫颈癌,具有重要的临床价值。     

肝脏巨大血管瘤的动脉栓塞治疗

目的分析和探讨肝动脉栓塞治疗对肝巨大血管瘤(直径大于5cm)的治疗效果。方法运用超液态碘化油 明胶海绵颗粒和平阳霉素碘化油混合乳剂 明胶海绵颗粒对我院36例肝脏巨大血管瘤患者进行动脉栓塞治疗。结果所有病例术前肝动脉造影显示“枝上挂果”、“早出晚归”的异常血管湖样改变,栓塞后肿瘤内碘油沉积良好;术后除1例出现严重并发症,除4例栓塞后无明显效果外,其他患者肿瘤均缩小,18例患者肿瘤缩小大于50%。结论动脉介入栓塞治疗对肝巨大血管瘤患者是一种疗效肯定、相对安全较为理想的治疗方法。