尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的研究

为研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重，分为悬吊7天和21天及相应同步对照共4组，每组10只健康雄性SD大鼠，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织的VEGF mRNA表达情况。发现同正常对照组相比，7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的表达水平明显增高（P＜0．05），且21天悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的表达水平仍较高（P＜0．05），但同7天悬吊组相比增高程度已明显降低。提示在模拟失重条件下肺组织VEGF的表达水平增高。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织一氧化氮合酶mRNA的研究

为探讨尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶mRNA(iNOS mRNA)的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重法，将大鼠分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照组4组，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织iNOS mRNA的表达情况，发现同正常对照组相比，7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平明显增高（P＜0．01），21天悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平仍显著增高（P＜0．01），提示NO参与了在模拟失重条件下的肺组织损伤的过程。     

地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的　探讨地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响。方法　采用尾悬吊大鼠模拟失重模型 ,将健康雄性SD大鼠分为尾悬吊组 (尾悬吊 7天模拟失重 )、地塞米松干预组 (尾悬吊第 3天开始腹腔注射地塞米松 5mg/kg,共 5天 )和正常对照组 ,每组 10只 ,用TUNEL技术检测肺组织细胞凋亡情况。结果　尾悬吊组凋亡指数显著高于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,地塞米松干预后细胞凋亡水平明显低于尾悬吊组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　尾悬吊模拟失重的大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡指数增高 ,而地塞米松可抑制模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞的凋亡。     

模拟失重对大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的研究模拟失重条件下健康大鼠肺组织中核因子-κB（NF-κB）的表达变化及其意义。方法采用尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型,分为悬吊7天、21天组及相应对照组,每组10只健康雄性Wistar大鼠。免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中NF-κB的表达水平。结果悬吊7天及21天组大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达水平与相应对照组比较均显著升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。悬吊21天组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB表达水平较悬吊7天组减弱（P〈0．05）。结论尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达水平明显上调,考虑与肺组织损伤有关。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠卵巢组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α表达变化

目的 研究模拟失重环境下大鼠卵巢组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达变化.方法 取性成熟期健康雌性Wistar大鼠60只作为研究对象,体重200±20g,随机分为10组(n=6),按模拟失重时相分为悬吊0.25、0.5、1、2、3、5、7、14、21d组和0d组(对照组).采用尾悬吊法建立模拟失重动物模型.各组大鼠卵巢组织中HIF-1 α的表达分别应用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法进行检测.结果 各实验组及对照组大鼠卵巢卵泡卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和膜细胞中均可见HIF-1α阳性染色细胞.对照组大鼠卵巢HIF-1 α染色阳性颗粒主要位于细胞质中,悬吊0.25d和0.5d组大鼠卵巢卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和膜细胞的HIF-1α颗粒由细胞质向细胞核转移;尾悬吊1d组HIF-1 α表达情况与对照组接近,HIF-1α核染色消失.尾悬吊0.25d、0.5d大鼠卵巢HIF-1α mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),持续尾悬吊1d以后各组卵巢HIF-1α的蛋白和mRNA水平逐渐恢复至对照组水平.结论 尾悬吊模拟失重使大鼠卵巢组织中HIF-1α蛋白及mRNA表达发生明显变化,早期同步过表达,提示卵巢HIF-1α表达变化与失重应激反应和失重耐受有密切关系.     

地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的　研究地塞米松对模拟失重大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)表达的影响。方法　采用尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型 ,将健康雄性SD大鼠分为尾悬吊 7天组和地塞米松干预组 ,每组各 10只 ,并采用免疫印迹和免疫组化两种方法检测肺组织iNOS的表达。结果　同尾悬吊 7天组相比 ,地塞米松干预组大鼠肺组织iNOS表达明显减低 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　地塞米松通过抑制iNOS表达对模拟失重所致大鼠肺组织损伤起保护作用。     

89Sr诱发K562癌细胞凋亡及其相关基因表达研究

目的 探讨^89Sr诱发K562癌细胞凋亡放射毒理效应的分子机理。方法 采用分子病理和定量病理技术研究^89Sr内照射诱导的K562癌细胞凋亡，剂量效应关系和重要相关基因bcl-和bax在其中的表达。结果 K562细胞经^89Sr内照射6和24h，提取DNA，琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上出现典型的“阶梯状”区带，伴有“拖尾”，而对照组未见“阶梯状”区带，荧光双标记流式细胞仪法定量检测，^89Sr内照射6，9，12，24和48h后，K562细胞凋亡率和坏死率均较对照组有明显升高（P＜0．01），随着^89Sr内照射时间的延长，累积剂量的提高，均无显著变化（P＞0．05），免疫组织化学染色显示，对照组K562细胞中bcl-2和bax蛋白均有表达，bcl-2蛋白表达阳性细胞率82．8％，bax为44.4%,bcl-2/bax比值1.86;^89Sr内照射24h后的K562细胞中，bcl-2蛋白表达阳性细胞率31.4%,bax为38.2%,bcl-2/bax比值0.82，与对照组相比，差异显著（P＜0．05）；RT－PCR显示bcl-2 mRNA在对照组K56细胞中高表达；^89Sr内照射12h后已有明显的下调，24h后则非常显著。结论 ^89Sr内照射K562细胞后，细胞凋亡与细胞坏死并存，且^89Sr诱导K5622细胞的凋亡可能是通过bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白表达降低，bcl-2/bax比值下降而调控的。     

川芎嗪对模拟失重大鼠肺组织钙调神经磷酸酶-β表达的影响

目的探讨模拟失重大鼠肺组织内钙调神经磷酸酶-β（calcineurin-β）的表达变化及川芎嗪对其的影响。方法采用大鼠尾部-30&#176;悬吊（TS）模拟失重生理效应。30只健康Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、尾吊7d组和尾吊＋川芎嗪7d组,每组10只。采用免疫组织化学和Western blotting方法观察各组大鼠肺组织内calcineurin-β蛋白表达水平的变化。结果免疫组化及Western blotting检测显示,尾吊7d组肺组织内calcineurin-β表达水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,经川芎嗪干预7d后大鼠肺组织calcineurin-β表达水平与尾吊7d组比较显著降低（P〈0.05）,与对照组比较已无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论尾吊模拟失重可引起大鼠肺组织calcineurin-β蛋白表达水平增加,而川芎嗪可下调肺组织calcineurin-β蛋白的表达。     

长期模拟失重大鼠心肌收缩性能的改变

应用在体及离体实验对一批悬吊90d大鼠的心肌收缩性能进行了观察。在体实验结果表明：悬吊组大鼠左室舒张本压及主动脉血压与对照组无显著性差别（P＞0．05）；但悬吊组大鼠左心室内压峰值较对照组降低16％（P＜0．01），左心室内压最大上升速率与最大下降速率也分别较对照组减慢28％（P＜0．05）与21％（P＜0．05）。对同一批大鼠的离体乳头肌，又用等长收缩灌流技术观察了力学特性变化。结果是：反映心肌收缩强度的指标，如最大发展张力（DT），在两组间无显著差别；反映心肌收缩速度的指标，如最大张力发展速率对DT的校正值，悬吊组较对照组降低了17．2％（P＜0．05）；反映收缩时程的指标，如悬吊组的至峰张力收缩时间与至峰张力发展速率收缩时间分别较对照组延长了12．7％（P＜0．01）和22．2％（P＜0．05）；反映心肌舒张的时程指标，如张力下降一半时间与至峰张力下降速率舒张时间分别较对照组延长183％（P＜0．01）与20．3％（P＜0．01）。以上结果表明，长期模拟失重大鼠心肌收缩性能明显降低，并主要表现为心肌收缩速率减慢和收缩与舒张时程延长。     

长期尾部悬吊大鼠血浆儿茶酚胺反应性的初步研究

为了探讨模拟失重大鼠心血管脱适应的机理，应用高效液相电化学检测法，观察了三个月尾部悬吊模拟长期失重大鼠血浆几条酚胶反应性的变化。结果发现，悬吊组大鼠血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度（6.18±0.76ng／ml血浆）效对照组（12．5±2．28ny／ml血液）降低（P＜0．05），而血浆肾上腺素和多巴胺浓度无显著性变化。说明悬吊大鼠血浆去甲肾上腺素对急性失血的反应显著降低。由此推测悬吊大鼠交感神经反应性减弱。这可能是失重或模拟失重引起心血管脱适应的重要机理之一。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.