胃粘液癌和普通型胃部中P53蛋白,CgA和Syn的表达

目的：研究胃癌伴神经内分泌（ＮＥ）分化时的病理特征。方法：采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法及ＡＢ－ＰＡＳ染色技术在１００例胃癌中对比观察普通型与粘液型癌Ｐ５３表达与伴ＮＥ分化的关系。结果：１００例胃癌中ＮＥ分化标记嗜铬素Ａ（ＣｇＡ）和（或）突触素（Ｓｙｎ）阳性率为４２．１００％，其中ＣｇＡ阳性率３６．００％，ＣｇＡ与Ｓｙｎ同时阳性率１０．００％。Ｐ５３阳性率为５０．００％，普通型与粘液型癌中Ｐ５３表达差异无显     

大肠腺癌p53基因cDNA突变与突变型p53基因蛋白表达的相互关系和意义

目的：探讨大肠腺癌突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白表达与ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变间的相互关系和意义。方法：对１００例新鲜大肠腺癌组织采用ＰＡｂ２４０单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色（ＬＳＡＢ法）检测突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白表达、ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ检测ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变，并比较它们间相互关系。结果：１００例大肠腺癌中，７６例ＰＡｂ２４０单抗阳性（７６％），５１例ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变阳性（５１％）；ＰＡｂ２４０单抗反应与ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变比较，两者皆阳性４９％，两者中一者阳性２９％，两者皆阴性２２％（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。结论：ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变与其基因蛋白产物结构改变高度吻合，大肠腺癌ｐ５３基因ｍＲＮＡ（ｃＤＮＡ）突变是参与和影响突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白结构改变和生物学行为的主要因素     

恶性黑色素瘤的免疫组织化学鉴别诊断

以Ｓ－１００、Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ、ＨＭＢ４５、Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ、ＥＭＡ、ＬＣＡ抗体，ＳＰ法对原病理诊断或疑诊的３５例恶性黑色素瘤（ＭＭ）进行染色。结果１０例典型的少色素性ＭＭ均呈Ｓ－１００、Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ和ＨＭＢ４５阳性，符合原ＭＭ诊断。原病理诊断１９例和疑诊６例共２５例无色素性恶性黑色素瘤（ＡＭＭ）中，２１例同时呈Ｓ－１００、ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ和ＨＭＢ４５阳性，故确诊为ＡＭＭ；４例Ｓ－１００和ＨＭＢ４５阴性肿瘤中，３例为Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ阳性、ＥＭＡ弱阳性，１例为ＬＣＡ和Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ阳性，证实不是ＭＭ而是癌和淋巴瘤。结果表明，Ｓ－１００和ＨＭＢ４５是ＭＭ诊断性标志物，后者具有特异性。     

乳腺癌组织中郎罕细胞免疫组化研究

应用ＡＢＣ法对１４１例乳腺癌组织的郎罕细胞进行Ｓ－１００蛋白抗体标记。结果发现Ｓ－１００蛋白阳性的ＬＣ分布差异与乳腺癌的肿块大小，分化程度，淋巴结转移，临床分期，组织学类型及生存期有关（Ｐ＜０．００１）；而与乳腺癌的发病年龄无关（Ｐ＞０．００５）。因此检测乳腺癌组织中郎罕细胞的Ｓ－１００蛋白表达，对临床指导治疗及估计预后可能有一定的帮助。     

吐温80合并温热对B16黑色素瘤细胞hsp70,c—fos泛蛋白及S—100蛋？…

目的：研究吐温８０与温热合并的协同抗肿瘤机理及凋亡的关系。方法；用免疫组化方法，观察吐温８０合并４１℃温热作用后抑郁，４小时和７２小时，Ｂ１６肿瘤细胞热休克蛋白７０（ｈｓｐ７０）ｃ－ｆｏｓ泛蛋认及Ｓ－１００蛋白表达的改变，并进行定量分析，结果：ｈｓｐ７０和ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白呈中等阳性反应，分别位于Ｂ１６细胞的胞质和胞核；泛蛋白为弱阳性，Ｓ－１００蛋白呈强阳性，分布于胞质，４１℃６０分钟作用可增中ｈｓｐ     

大肠腺癌P53基因cDNA突变与突型P53基因蛋白表达的

探讨大肠腺癌突变型Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达与Ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变间的相互关系和意义。方法对１００例新鲜大肠腺癌组织采用ＰＡｂ２４０单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色检测突变型Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达、ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ检测Ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变，并比较它们间相互关系。     

心脏粘液瘤免疫组织化学观察和组织发生的探讨

对５２例心脏粘液瘤进行免疫组织化学观察。其中有２例伴有腺样结构。免疫标记显示：５２例粘液瘤中全部瘤细胞Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ为阳性。ＦＶⅢ，Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ和Ａｃｔｉｎ为阴性。５例瘤细胞Ｓ－１００蛋白为阳性。２例伴腺样结构者ＣＥＡ，ＥＭＡ和Ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｏｎ为阳性。组织化学染色显示：腺样结构ＰＡＳ－ＡＢ（ｐＨ１．０），ＰＡＳ－ＡＢ（ｐＨ２．５）和ＨＩＤ－ＡＢ均为阳性。结果提示：心脏粘液瘤可能来源于胚胎     

肝细胞癌和癌周肝组织免疫组化研究

本文对２６例肝癌及癌周肝组织进行甲胎蛋白，抗胰蛋白酶，乙型肝炎表面抗原，核心抗原，抗－ＧＢｃ，纤维连接蛋白，溶菌酶，组织细胞抗原，Ｓ－１００蛋白免疫酶标记观察。结果发现在肝癌细胞及癌周非癌肝细胞都能检出表达ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｃＡｇ的阳性细胞，提示肝癌细胞和癌周肝细胞的ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｃＡｇ的表达形式相同，推测ＨＢＶ感染和肝癌发病有直接或间接作用。本组研究尚提示ＨＢｃＡｇ和肝癌发病也有关，肝癌细胞分化     

大鼠坐骨神经干内S—100蛋白检测

用Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ Ｂｌｏｔ方法确认周围神经于内含有Ｓ－１００，然后运用免疫组化ＰＡＰ方法对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠坐骨神经的近侧和远侧进行Ｓ－１００检测，染色结果用电子图像进行系统分析处理。结果显示：Ｓ－１００分布于周围神经束间膜，雪旺氏细胞浆内及细胞膜上，神经轴内未见有Ｓ－１００存在，图像处理结果证实，正常大鼠坐骨神经干内的Ｓ－１００呈均匀分布。     

大鼠坐骨神经钳伤后变性和再生过程中S—100蛋白的变化

选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠４０只，分设正常，神经损伤，损伤对照组，运用免疫组化ＰＡＰ方法对神经干内的Ｓ－１００蛋白检测。染色结果经形态学观察及电子计算机图像处理系统分析结果表明：坐骨神经干内Ｓ－１００蛋白含量与损伤神经再生时间有密切关系，并观察到损伤第５，７天，损伤神经侧Ｓ－１００轴浆转运现象，推测Ｓ－１００可能参于了周围神经再生微环境的变化，从而影响损伤神经元的存活和神经纤维的再生。     

胃肠道间质肿瘤组织发生的探讨

目的探讨胃肠道间质肿瘤（ｇａｓｔｒｏｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｓｔｒｏｍａｌｔｕｍｏｒ，ＧＩＳＴ）的组织发生。方法对３６例ＧＩＳＴ进行组织学、组织化学及免疫组织化学观察。结果胃和大肠间质肿瘤呈间叶细胞表型，但光镜下观察到在１５例发生于小肠的梭形细胞肿瘤中，瘤细胞之间存在着嗜酸性小体即丝团样纤维（ｓｋｅｉｎｏｉｄｆｉｂｅｒ，ＳＦ），Ｍａｓｓｏｎ三色染色呈蓝色，ＰＡＳ呈强阳性；免疫组化染色显示Ｓ－１００蛋白阳性率为４４．４４％，ｄｅｓｍｉｎ阳性率为８．３３％，瘤细胞的免疫表达与其分化程度无关。结论胃和大肠的间质肿瘤免疫表型复杂，提示其起源与原始间叶细胞有关，而小肠间质肿瘤大多数为神经源性肿瘤。可能起源于肠壁内在神经丛的神经膜细胞或来自小肠的自律神经。     

Schwann Cell Properties: II. The Identity of Phagocytes in the Degenerating Nerve

The present study was undertaken to identify the cells from which phagocytes originate following traumatic injury to the sciatic nerves in rats. The morphologic evolution of the phagocytes was correlated daily with changes in axon, myelin, Schwann cell and neurilemmal tube at light and electron microscopic levels. Autoradiography with tritiated thymidine was employed to label the proliferative cells immediately before and following the injury. The result indicated that degeneration of Schwann cells occurred with the onset of myelin breakdown and that the degenerated products of myelin, axon and Schwann cells were removed by macrophages. While most of the macrophages were originally blood monocytes, some were derived from vascular pericytes. They penetrated the neurilemmal tubes on the third postoperative day and began engulfing first the Schwann cells and then the myelin and axons. Having filled their cytoplasm with debris, some macrophages moved out of the neurilemmal tube while others remained temporarily inside the envelopes formed by the persisting neurilemmal tubes—thus the macrophages can inherit a basal lamina from degenerated Schwann cells.     

韧带样型纤维瘤病的临床病理学及遗传学研究

目的研究韧带样型纤维瘤病的临床病理学和遗传学特点,探讨用荧光原位杂交的方法在石蜡包埋组织中检测8号染色体三体的可行性。方法分析96例韧带样型纤维瘤病的临床资料,对69例进行组织学形态和免疫学表型分析（免疫组织化学EnVision两步法,抗体包括波形蛋白、结蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、B—catenin、CD34、CD117、S-100）、对2例行电镜观察,采用荧光原位杂交检测20例石蜡包埋组织中的8号染色体三体。结果96例病例中男20例,女76例,年龄范围8～86岁,平均35．3岁。腹部以外部位的病变44例,腹壁和盆腔的病变28例,腹腔内病变23例,其中2例与Gardner综合征伴发。病变直径在0．6～24．0cm之间,平均8．4cm,结节或者条索状肿块,质地韧,切面粗糙。显微镜下形态较一致的梭形细胞分布于大量增生的胶原纤维间质内,梭形的纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞常排列成束状,胞质界限不清,细胞异形性不明显。透射电镜下,纤维母细胞有丰富的粗面内质网和发达的高尔基复合体,肌纤维母细胞还可以看到应力纤维、纤维连接复合体、中间连接和缝隙连接。所有病例均表达波形蛋白,部分病例还表达结蛋白和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白。B—catenin胞质和核的异位表达阳性率为47．8％（33／69）。8号染色体三体阳性率为30．0％（6／20）,原发病例中8号染色体三体阳性率为1／12,显著低于复发病例的5／8。结论韧带样型纤维瘤病是主要发生于年轻女性的中间型肿瘤。它主要由纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞构成,而肌纤维母细胞有应力纤维、纤维连接复合体等特征性结构。可用荧光原位杂交方法在石蜡组织中检测8号染色体三体,其可能为韧带样型纤维瘤病的复发预测因子,并界定某种高复发风险亚型。     

Desmoplastic fibroma as a rare bone tumor

A desmoplastic fibroma of the left humerus with a pathological fracture in a 9-year-old girl is presented. The postoperative course was uncomplicated: no recidive occurred. The histological picture of this rare bone tumor (76 similar cases were reported in the literature) is identical both with aggressive fibromatosis and with the desmoid tumor. It contains areas with abundant collagen fibers and densely packed areas composed of fibrocytes, fibroblasts as well as myofibroblasts. Myofilaments have been detected by electron microscopy in the latter cell type.     

Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma versus fibromatosis: A comparative study of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features

We have studied 11 cases of low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) and 15 cases of fibromatosis with respect to clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of Ki‐67, nm23, cyclinD1, and p53, in order to investigate the differential diagnosis between this two groups. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections from 11 cases of LGFMS and 15 cases of fibromatosis were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. The immunostainings were semiquantitatively evaluated using the Allred score system. Microscopically, LGFMS was composed of bland spindle cells arranged in a whorled pattern showing alternating myxoid zones and fibrous stroma zones with prominent arcade curvilinear capillaries. Cytological atypia, mitotic figures, and tumor necrosis were absent in all 11 cases of LGFMS. In contrast, fibromatosis was less cellular and more fascicular, containing more collagen and showing no alternating fibrous and myxoid zones as compared with LGFMS. The immunostaining scores of nm23 in LGFMS were significantly lower than that in fibromatosis. The immunostaining scores of Ki‐67, p53, and cyclinD1 in LGFMS were significantly higher than that in fibromatosis. Thus, we consider that LGFMS can be distinguished from fibromatosis by clinicopathological features, and assessments of the immunohistochemical expression level of cyclinD1, p53, nm23, and Ki‐67 are helpful in the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR (NEUROEPITHELIOMA) OF SPINAL NERVE ROOT–Report of an Adult Case and Establishment of a Cell Line–

A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the cervical nerve root of a 28-year-old man is presented. Histologically, the tumor was characterised by proliferation of primitive neuroectodermal cells and formation of numerous Homer-Wright type rosettes. A cell line (Nagal line) was established from the tumor. Electron microscopic examination of Nagai cells revealed numerous microrosette formation with microvilli-like cytoplasmic processes projecting into the central lumina. Neurosecretory granules appeared in the cytoplasmic processes when Nagai cells were treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Primitive satellite cells which completely surrounded other tumor cells with their tongue-like slender cytoplasmic processes were also found. Histogenesis of this unique tumor was discussed comparing with the neuroblastoma of sympathetic nervous system, medulloblastoma of the central nervous system, and with the tumors induced by Adenovirus type 12 in animals. It was concluded that the tumor was neuroepithelioma derived from a primitive stem cell of neural crest origin which possesses the bipotency to differentiate toward either neuroblastic or neurilemmal line.     

Nuclear beta-catenin in mesenchymal tumors.

Beta-catenin is a crucial part of the Wnt and E-cadherin signalling pathways, which are involved in tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of these pathways allow beta-catenin to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus, where it may activate oncogenes. Such nuclear accumulation can be detected by immunohistochemistry, which may be useful in diagnosis. Although the role of beta-catenin has been established in various types of carcinomas, relatively little is known about its status in mesenchymal tumors. A number of studies suggest that beta-catenin dysregulation is important in desmoid-type fibromatosis, as well as in synovial sarcoma. We wished to determine whether nuclear beta-catenin expression is specific to and sensitive for particular bone and soft-tissue tumors, including sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis. We studied the nuclear expression of beta-catenin using tissue microarrays in a comprehensive range of bone and soft-tissue tumor types. A total of 549 cases were included in our panel. Nuclear immunohistochemical staining was determined to be either high level (>25% of cells), low level (0-25%) or none. High-level nuclear beta-catenin staining was seen in a very limited subset of tumor types, including desmoid-type fibromatosis (71% of cases), solitary fibrous tumor (40%), endometrial stromal sarcoma (40%) and synovial sarcoma (28%). Although occasional cases of fibrosarcoma, clear cell sarcoma and carcinosarcoma had high-level staining, no high-level nuclear beta-catenin expression was seen in any of 381 fibrohistocytic, muscular, adipocytic, chondroid or osseous tumor cases representing 42 diagnostic categories. All primary immunostain tissue microarray images are made publicly accessible in a searchable database. High-level nuclear beta-catenin staining serves as a useful diagnostic tool, as it is specific to a small subset of mesenchymal tumors.     

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (neuroepithelioma) of spinal nerve root -- Report of an adult case and establishment of a cell line.

A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the cervical nerve root of a 28-year-old man is presented. Histologically, the tumor was characterised by proliferation of primitive neuroectodermal cells and formation of numerous Homer-Wright type rosettes. A cell line (Nagai line) was established from the tumor. Electron microscopic examination of Nagai cells revealed numerous microrosette formation with microvilli-like cytoplasmic processes projecting into the central lumina. Neurosecretory granules appeared in the cytoplasmic processes when Nagai cells were treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Primitive satellite cells which completely surrounded other tumor cells with their tongue-like slender cytoplasmic processes were also found. Histogenesis of this unique tumor was discussed comparing with the neuroblastoma of sympathetic nervous system, medulloblastoma of the central nervous system, and with the tumors induced by Adenovirus type 12 in animals. It was concluded that the tumor was neuroepithelioma derived from a primitive stem cell of neural crest origin which possesses the bipotency to differentiate toward either neuroblastic or neurilemmal line.     

Aggressive fibromatosis of the leg and sacrococcygeal region: a report of two cases

Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare soft tissue tumor that composes of myofibroblasts that arise from musculoaponeurotic structures. It usually affects the abdominal wall but may be also found in other less common sites including the head and neck, submucosa of the oral cavity, spinal, haunch and limbs, especially, the limbs and sacrococcygeal region are rare locations. We described two cases of aggressive fibromatosis. One was 3-year-old girl with aggressive fibromatosis arising from the right leg region. The other was 20-year-old female arising from in the sacrococcygeal region. They were resected with satisfied results. Pathological examination showed that they were composed of fibroblasts, fibrocytes and bundles of collagen fiber. The aggressive fibromatosis, although rare, should be differentiated from some other soft tissue tumors with similar histological features and different localizations of intra-abdominal, abdominal wall and extra-abdominal.     

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone: an immunohistochemical study including beta-catenin expression and mutational analysis for beta-catenin

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone is a very rare primary bone tumor morphologically resembling desmoid-type fibromatosis, its much more common counterpart of soft tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical profile and the involvement of the beta-catenin pathway in desmoplastic fibroma as it is known in desmoid-type fibromatosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 13 cases of desmoplastic fibroma for muscle-specific markers, estrogen and progesterone receptors, CD117, beta-catenin, and the potential downstream target of beta-catenin, namely, cyclin D1. In all 13 cases, DNA sequencing was performed for the detection of activating beta-catenin gene mutations. There was no immunoreactivity of CD117, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. Seven cases were immunoreactive for one or more muscle-specific markers. In 6 cases, there was overexpression of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm; in one of these cases, there was also accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus. In 6 cases in which DNA sequencing was successful, no beta-catenin mutations were detected. Search in a national database showed that not a single case over a frame of 23 years was associated with occurrence of colon cancer in the same patient. The epidemiological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings in desmoplastic fibroma are suggestive of desmoplastic fibroma being the bony counterpart of the more common desmoid-type fibromatosis of soft tissue. However, the beta-catenin pathway does not seem to have the same essential role in the tumorigenesis of desmoplastic fibroma, as it has in desmoid-type fibromatosis.