大肠癌p53蛋白与PCNA表达的预后意义

大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一，近年来发现ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ在多种肿瘤中均有过度表达，并与肿瘤分化、转移有关。但对大肠癌预后国外仅有少数报道。我们应用免疫组化观察了ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ在大肠癌中的表达特征及其与预后的关系。探讨该指标对大肠癌表达的意义。１材料...     

甲状腺肿瘤中p53蛋白表达和DNA指数检测及其意义

正常细胞转化成恶性细胞的整个演变过程中 ,均涉及到癌基因及相关基因的活化和抑癌基因的失活。因此 ,对肿瘤诊断将有可能从传统的显微镜形态学观察转向分子水平检测〔1〕。本研究应用免疫组化方法检测 ｐ5 3蛋白 ,并结合图像分析方法测量肿瘤细胞ＤＮＡ指数在甲状腺良恶性肿瘤中的诊断意义。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　收集遵义医学院病理科甲状腺肿瘤石蜡标本73例 ,其中 15例乳头状癌、15例滤泡状癌、7例嗜酸性细胞癌、15例乳头状腺瘤、15例滤泡状腺瘤及 6例嗜酸性细胞腺瘤。ｐ5 3(ＤＯ 7)单克隆抗体及ＥｎＶｉｓｉｏｎＨＲＰ标记的羊抗鼠Ｉ…     

p53和bcl-2蛋白过度表达与大肠癌生物学行为的关系

目的：探讨p53蛋白和bcl－2蛋白共同表达与大肠癌生物学行为的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学染色ABC法检测p53蛋白及bcl－2蛋白在67例大肠癌组织中的表达。结果：全阴性组和p53阴性bcl－2阳性组的PCNA增殖指数低于p53阳性bcl－2阴性组及全阳性组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。全阳性、p53阳性bcl－2阴性组及p53阴性bcl－2阳性组均多呈浸润性生长（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。全阳组浸润深度多至浆膜外（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。两蛋白全阴性组5年生存率高（P＜0．05）。P53和bcl－2蛋白表达与大肠癌Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和组织学类型均无统计学意义。结论：bcl－2蛋白表达对细胞增殖的相关性不大。主要是p53蛋白的作用。只要有1种蛋白表达时大肠癌即多呈浸润性生长，两种蛋白全部阳性组浸润深度较深，蛋白全部阴性组的预后较好，提示p53和bcl－2蛋白的表达情况可部分地反映大肠癌的生物学行为。     

青年人结直肠癌DNA错配修复基因表达和DNA倍性检测

目的 探讨青年人结直肠癌的临床病理特点和致癌途径。方法 应用免疫组织化学（ＳＡＢＣ）法和流式细胞学方法对６３例广东籍青年人结直肠癌中ｈＭＳＨ２和ｈＭＬＨ１蛋白表达和ＤＮＡ倍性进行检测,结合临床病理学资料,分析它们之间的相关性。结果 广东籍青年人结直肠癌患者占中山医科大学第一附属医院接受手术的１２６２例广东籍结直肠癌患者的５．６％。６３例结直肠癌中,有４４例（６９．８％）为非粘液型腺癌,３９例（６１．９％）肿瘤处于Ｄｕｋｅｓ Ｃ或Ｄ期。５９例同时进行免疫组织化学和流式细胞学检测的结直肠癌中,有１０例（１６．９％）丢失了ｈＭＳＨ２或ｈＭＬＨ１蛋白,全部为二倍体或近二倍体的ＤＮＡ含量,２６例（４４．１％）结直肠癌为非整倍体ＤＮＡ含量,均呈２种错配修复蛋白的正常表达;另外还有２３例（３９．０％）结直肠癌既表现为二倍体或     

肺鳞状细胞癌中p53蛋白表达及p53基因突变的检测

目的 通过检测肺鳞状细胞癌及癌旁组织中Ｐ５３蛋白积聚及相同癌组织中Ｐ５３基因的突变，探讨Ｐ５３蛋白积聚及Ｐ５３基因突变在肺鳞癌发病中的意义。方法 采用免疫组化和银染－ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法检测１２０例肺鳞癌及癌旁肺组织中Ｐ５３蛋白的状况及相同鳞癌组织中，Ｐ５３基因５、６、７、８外，显子突变的情况。结果 Ｐ５３蛋白了性率为５２．５％，Ｐ５３基因突变率为５６．７％，突变便数在第５、６、７、８外显子的分布     

食管鳞状细胞癌p53基因突变及其蛋白表达

食管鳞癌常伴有ｐ５３基因突变和（或）ｐ５３蛋白积聚。文献报道ｐ５３基因改变与ｐ５３蛋白积聚常出现不一致的现象〔１，２〕。我们应用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ及免疫组化方法探讨食管鳞癌ｐ５３基因突变与ｐ５３蛋白表达的关系。１　材料和方法１１　材料　取食管癌新鲜组织３０例，同一标本分为２份，１份按常规方法提取ＤＮＡ，另１份经福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋，连续切片。１２　ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ〔３〕　ＰＣＲ常规扩增反应后，取１０μｌＰＣＲ产物与等量电泳缓冲液混合，９６℃变性５ｍｉｎ后立即置冰浴，电泳后，凝胶经固定、银染、…     

大肠腺癌p53基因cDNA突变与突变型p53基因蛋白表达的相互关系和意义

目的：探讨大肠腺癌突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白表达与ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变间的相互关系和意义。方法：对１００例新鲜大肠腺癌组织采用ＰＡｂ２４０单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色（ＬＳＡＢ法）检测突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白表达、ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ检测ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变，并比较它们间相互关系。结果：１００例大肠腺癌中，７６例ＰＡｂ２４０单抗阳性（７６％），５１例ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变阳性（５１％）；ＰＡｂ２４０单抗反应与ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变比较，两者皆阳性４９％，两者中一者阳性２９％，两者皆阴性２２％（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。结论：ｐ５３基因ｃＤＮＡ突变与其基因蛋白产物结构改变高度吻合，大肠腺癌ｐ５３基因ｍＲＮＡ（ｃＤＮＡ）突变是参与和影响突变型ｐ５３基因蛋白结构改变和生物学行为的主要因素     

肺癌DNA倍体分析和p53蛋白表达的定量观察

肺癌ＤＮＡ倍体分析和ｐ５３蛋白表达的定量观察王新允张乃鑫赵凤喜宋文静贾易晔赵凤云一、材料和方法收集本室档案材料中肺癌３８例，常规石蜡包埋，ＨＥ染色。按ＷＨＯ国际肿瘤分类标准重新进行组织学分类。（１）细胞ＤＮＡ检测样品的制备：每例制成４０μｍ厚切片，分...     

结直肠癌mdm2,p21和p53蛋白的表达

一、材料与方法1.标本 :89份石蜡组织取自 1991～ 1994年期间本院结直肠腺癌手术切除标本 ,术后随访 3～ 6年。其中高分化腺癌 30例 ,中分化腺癌 44例 ,低分化腺癌 15例。按Ｄｕｋｅｓ临床分期 ,无Ａ期病例 ,Ｂ期 42例 ,Ｃ期 37例 ,Ｄ期 10例。纤维结肠镜及病理检查未发现异常的结直肠粘膜活检标本 12例做对照。组织均常规甲醛溶液固定 ,石蜡包埋 ,连续切片 ,分别作常规ＨＥ染色 ,ｍｄｍ2、ｐ2 1、ｐ5 3蛋白免疫组化染色。2 .免疫组化染色 :采用ＳＰ法 ,鼠抗ｍｄｍ2 (ＳＭｐ14)、ｐ5 3(Ｄｏ 1)、ｐ2 1(187)为ＳａｎｔａＣｒｕｚ公司试剂 ,Ｓ…     

肺癌p53蛋白表达和基因突变与临床病理的相关研究

目的 检测肺癌中ｐ５３蛋白表达和基因突变状况及其与临床病理和预后的相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学（ＬＳＡＢ法）和聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）二种方法。结果 检测肺鳞癌４６例，共９５例。免疫组化ｐ５３蛋白总阳性率为５０．５％（４８／９５例），肺鳞癌阳性率为５６．５％（２６／４６例）、肺腺癌为４４．７％（２２／４９例）。ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ检测ｐ５３基因突变率为４１．１％（３９／９     

大肠肿瘤中p53和bcl-2蛋白的表达

目的：研究Ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２在大肠肿瘤发生中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法分别检测大肠正常、腺瘤及腺癌中Ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２表达。结果：大肠腺癌Ｐ５３表达率高于腺瘤组;Ｐ５３表达与大肠癌的临床病理因素无关,ｂｃｌ－２在正常粘膜基底部上皮细胞表达,在腺瘤（７７．５％）和腺（５５％）ｂｃｌ－２表达差异显著,高分化腺癌ｂｃｌ－２表达率（７３．７％）高于差分化癌（４１．２％）,在腺瘤和腺癌中ｂｃｌ－２和     

用流式细胞术检测胃癌p53蛋白的表达

目的：检测并比较胃癌及癌前病变p53蛋白表达水平,探讨p53蛋白在胃癌发病中的意义。方法;采用间接免疫荧光标记,流式细胞术分析。以DNA指数、增殖指数、荧光指数为分析指标。结果：胃癌、不典型增生及肠上皮化生的荧光指数（FI）值与正常胃粘膜相比差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）,前三者与浅表性胃炎相比差异也都有显著性（P＜0．05）。不同病变间的比较,可见胃癌FI高于不典型增生及肠上皮化生（P＜0．05）。不典型增生p53蛋白阳性率为27％,胃癌为68％,在不典型增生及胃癌病例中,其异倍体的FI值、增殖指数（PI）值和p53蛋白阳性率与二倍体者相比差异都有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：胃癌组织p53蛋白的表达水平高于癌前病变及正常胃粘膜组织,随病变向恶性转化,p53蛋白、PI及异倍体率均增高。检测p53蛋白表达水平对胃癌的诊断具有一定意义。     

Prognostic significance of p53 expression in relation to DNA ploidy in colorectal adenocarcinoma

p53 expression, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction were analysed retrospectively in colorectal adenocarcinomas from 293 patients in whom the long-term outcome was known. The frequency of nuclear p53 staining was increased in non-diploid tumours (42%) when compared with diploid tumours (33%). Cytoplasmic p53 positive tumours were more common in the proximal colon (32%) than in the distal sites (21%). In univariate survival analysis, nuclear p53 and cytoplasmic staining were significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with Dukes' A-C tumours. The patients showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic p53 staining had the poorest survival and the patients with tumours negative in both the nucleus and cytoplasm showed the best prognosis. The patients with tumours positive in the nucleus alone or in the cytoplasm alone presented an intermediate survival. In multivariate survival analyses, nuclear p53 expression, cytoplasmic p53 expression and DNA ploidy were prognostic indicators independent of Dukes' stage and each other. Further analysis suggested that the prognostic importance of cytoplasmic p53 expression was greater in diploid than in non-diploid tumours. We conclude that nuclear p53 expression, cytoplasmic p53 expression and DNA ploidy provide important prognostic information in colorectal adenocarcinomas.     

p53 Protein,PCNA staining,and DNA content in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland

Forty-nine follicular adenomas and 11 follicular carcinomas of the thyroid were investigated by immuno-histochemistry for the expression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The DNA ploidy and the S-phase fraction (SPF) of the neoplasms were analysed by flow cytometry. Twelve adenomas (24 per cent) and six carcinomas (55 per cent) were DNA non-diploid (P=0·07). The carcinomas had a higher proliferation rate than the adenomas when assessed either by SPF size (median 9·9 per cent vs. 2·9 per cent, P=0·0003) or by PCNA staining intensity (P<0·0001). Some scattered nuclei in two (4 per cent) adenomas and in three (27 per cent) carcinomas stained positively for p53 (P=0·04). The two adenomas with positive staining for p53 were subserially sectioned, but no signs of invasion were found; both patients are alive and well 6 and 7 years after surgery. One of the two adenomas showing positive p53 nuclear staining was DNA aneuploid, and both were positive in PCNA staining, but their SPFs were low (2·1 and 3·3 per cent). We conclude that p53 protein expression is not confined to follicular carcinomas; scattered p53-positive cells may also be present in histologically and clinically benign follicular adenomas. Because both follicular adenomas and carcinomas may be DNA aneuploid and their SPF and PCNA staining distributions overlap, the distinction between follicular adenoma and carcinoma should still be based on histological criteria.     

An evaluation of six antibodies for immunohistochemistry of mutant p53 gene product in archival colorectal neoplasms

Immunohistochemical detection of intranuclear p53 gene product may indicate mutation of the p53 suppressor gene on chromosome 17p. We used six commercially available antibodies for p53 immunohistochemistry on 19 archival colorectal neoplasms and compared the results with the mutation status of the p53 gene and 17p allelic deletion status. By Friedman's ranking analysis, use of mouse monoclonal antibody DO7 with Target Unmasking Fluid (TUF) for antigen retrieval was the most sensitive and specific procedure (P<0·0001). Six of 7 cases with high expression (p53 Labeling Index >30 per cent using a CAS 200 image analyser) had p53 mutation. Of seven tumours without expression (LI < 1 per cent), six had no mutation and one had a truncating mutation which prohibited nuclear localization of gene product. The low expression group (1 per cent < LI <30 per cent, n = 5) consisted of three tumours without and two tumours with mutation. The sensitivity of high expression with the DO7–TUF method for p53 gene mutation was 67 per cent with specificity of 90 per cent, predictive value of a positive of 86 per cent, predictive value of a negative of 75 per cent, and efficiency of 79 per cent. This study suggests that immunohistochemistry is valuable for assessing p53 gene mutations in colorectal neoplasms, but further study is needed to elucidate the precise link between immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic alterations.     

p53 protein expression and nuclear DNA content in breast intraductal proliferations

Immunohistochemical analysis of the p53 gene protein and cytometric assessment of nuclear DNA were performed in a series of 51 cases of intraductal breast proliferation. The series included 22 cases of intraductal hyperplasia without atypia, 6 cases of intraductal hyperplasia with atypia, and 23 cases of pure intraductal carcinoma. Expression of p53 protein was detected in one case of intraductal hyperplasia without atypia (4·5 per cent), one case of intraductal hyperplasia with atypia (16·6 per cent) and six cases of intraductal carcinoma (26·0 per cent). No significant correlation was observed between p53 expression and histological subtype of intraductal carcinoma. Aneuploidy was demonstrated in two cases of intraductal hyperplasia with atypia (33·3 per cent) and in 18 cases of intraductal carcinoma (78·2 per cent). All cases of intraductal hyperplasia without atypia were euploid. No significant association was observed between p53 protein expression and ploidy in intraductal hyperplasia. The only case of intraductal hyperplasia without atypia positive for p53 was euploid, whereas the only p53-positive case of intraductal hyperplasia with atypia was aneuploid. Among the intraductal carcinomas, only the aneuploid cases showed positivity for p53, regardless of histological subtype. The results suggest that some of the changes observed in invasive breast carcinoma, such as p53 expression and aneuploidy, are already present in breast intraductal proliferation, especially in areas with atypia and in intraductal carcinoma. The expression of p53 in breast intraductal proliferation may reflect the acquisition of p53 gene mutations in cells unable adequately to repair DNA damage, with genomic instability which would lead to clonal expansion and putative evolution to invasive disease.     

错配修复蛋白和p53蛋白表达与结直肠癌的临床病理关系及其相关性

目的探讨错配修复蛋白(mismatch repair protein,MMRP)及p53蛋白在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)中的表达,进而分析微卫星不稳定(microsatellite instability,MSI)、p53与CRC临床病理特征的关系及其相关性。方法采用组织芯片及免疫组化法对980例CRC中4种MMRP及p53进行检测,将4种MMMP中的1种及以上表达缺失定为MSI组,全部阳性表达定为微卫星稳定(microsatellite stable,MSS)组。结果 (1)MMRP表达缺失率为11%,MLH1、PMS2、MSH2及MSH6的表达缺失率分别为7.3%、7.1%、2.0%及1.9%;其中共同缺失表达类型为MLH1-PMS2、MSH2-MSH6者分别为52例、14例,统计分析结果显示二者均呈正相关(rs=0.712),4种蛋白均缺失者3例。(2)p53阳性率为59.1%。(3)MSI与患者年龄、肿瘤部位、大小、组织学类型、淋巴结转移、临床分期及Ki-67有关(P0.05)。(4)p53与组织学类型、大体分型、浸润深度、远处转移及Ki-67有关(P0.05)。(5)MSI与p53呈负相关(rs=-0.118)。结论 MLH1、PMS2缺失表达较MSH2和MSH6多见。MLH1与PMS2、MSH2与MSH6常常协同表达或缺失。MSI及p53与CRC临床病理特征关系密切,对预测CRC的风险、恶性程度的评估等具有指导意义。MSI与p53表达呈负相关,提示二者可能参与CRC的不同发生、发展过程。     

p53 protein expression in colorectal adenomas: an immunohistochemical study using an antigen retrieval system

The immunohistochemical expression of the p53 gene product was examined in 91 colorectal adenomas from patients without (group 1,50 cases) or with (group 2,41 cases) concurrent sporadic colorectal carcinoma, and in 15 additional cases of randomly selected carcinomas from group 2 patients. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed with the DO-7 monoclonal and the CM1 polyclonal antibodies, following microwave irradiation of the tissues in an antigen retrieval solution, and the proportion of the immunoreactive cells was semiquantitatively assessed. p53 protein immunoreactivity was present in 46.1% (42, of 91, i.e., 20 out of 50 of group 1 and 22 out of 41 of group 2) and 33% (30 of 91, i.e. 14 out of 50 of group 1 and 16 out of 41 of group 2) of the adenomas using DO-7 and CM1 antibody, respectively. High p53 expression (i.e. immunolabelling of more than 30% of the tumour cell nuclei) was found in 13.2% of the adenomas (12 of 91, i.e. three out of 50 of group 1 and nine out of 41 of group 2; P= 0.025 using the X² test) using the DO-7 antibody, and in 6.6% of the cases (six of 91, i.e. two out of 50 of group 1 and four out of 41 of group 2) using the CM1 antibody. In carcinomas, 80% of the cases (i.e. 12 of 15) were found to express p53 protein with both antibodies. p53 immunoreactivity in colorectal adenomas increased with the degree of dysplasia: only five (17.8%) of the 28 adenomas with mild dysplasia were found to be DO-7 positive, while all of them remained CM1 negative. From the 50 adenomas exhibiting moderate dysplasia, 28 (56%) were DO-7 positive, and 22 (44%) were CM1 positive. Finally, from the 13 adenomas with severe dysplasia, nine (69.2%) and eight (61.5%) were found to be positive with the DO-7 and the CM1 antibody, respectively. Our results indicate that an increased number of group 2 adenomas express p53 protein, when compared with group 1 adenomas, and suggest that a strong correlation exists between p53 protein expression and the degree of dysplasia in colorectal neoplasms.