HPLC Simultaneous Determination of Six Lignans in Schisandra vinegar Products from Different Habitats

目的 测定不同产地醋五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素6种木脂素的含量.方法 色谱柱为依利特ODS-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈(A)—水(B),梯度洗脱(0～17 min,A为50％;17～25 min,A为50％～55％ ;25～30 min,A为55％～75％;30～35 min,A为75％;35～40min,A为75％～65％ ;40～45 min,A为65％～50％).结果 6种被测木脂素成分分离度良好;各成分质量浓度与峰面积在测定范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r＞0.999 5);重现性良好;准确度(RSD)分别为101.8％(1.5％)、99.5％(1.2％)、103.26％ (2.1％)、99.8％(1.0％)、100.0％(1.9％)和101.3％(1.9％).结论 HPLC法同时检测五味子6种木脂素成分,所建立方法稳定、可行.     

HPLC法测定更年安片中五味子甲素和五味子乙素的含量

目的测定更年安中五味子甲素和五味子乙素的含量.方法样品用环己烷超声提取,过滤,蒸干.残渣用乙腈-甲醇(1∶1)溶解后,经HPLC仪测定.色谱柱PhenomenexC18柱(5μm,250mm×4.6mm),柱温22℃,流动相乙腈-甲醇-水(15∶15∶10),检测波长254nm.结果更年安中五味子甲素和五味子乙素与其它成分分离良好,保留时间分别约为14.6和19.1min.五味子甲素对照品线性浓度范围1.0～80μg/mL,r=0.9996,平均回收率为96.5%,RSD为3.28%(n=5).五味子乙素对照品线性浓度范围1.0～80μg/mL,r=0.9998,平均回收率为94.7%,RSD为3.49%(n=5).结论本法灵敏度高、操作简便、结果准确,可用于更年安中五味子甲素和五味子乙素的含量测定.     

119 正交试验法优选五味子甲素和五味子乙素的超声提取工艺

目的:通过正交试验确定了五味子甲素和五味子乙素的超声提取工艺.方法:采用超声提取法提取五味子甲素和五味子乙素,以提取溶剂、超声时间、超声次数、溶剂用量为因素,以五味子甲素和五味子乙素提取率为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交表设计,用正交实验确定最佳提取条件,采用HPLC法分析2种成分.结果:在所考察的因素中,以五味子甲素与五味子乙素含量的均值为主要指标,确定最佳超声提取工艺为:以8倍体积甲醇为溶剂,超声提取3次,每次10 min.结论:确定五味子最佳超声提取工艺,此法简单、快速、提取效率高;HPLC分析方法准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于五味子有效成分的分析.     

复方五仁醇胶囊血清药化学研究(Ⅱ)

目的对复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清中的药源性成分作进一步鉴定,并测定主要成分的量。方法HPLC-DAD和UPLC-MS/MS检测相结合进行成分鉴定,HPLC-UV法测定主要木脂素类的量。结果HPLC-DAD检测鉴定出含药血清中8个制剂原形成分中的7个,分别为五味子醇甲、戈米辛J、五味子醇乙、去氧五味子素、戈米辛N、五味子乙素和五味子丙素,5个代谢产物的紫外光谱图具有联苯环辛烯类木脂素的吸收特征;UPLC-MS/MS检测结果显示含药血清中除存在五味子醇甲等7个木脂素类成分外,还含有五味子酯甲;含药血清中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、去氧五味子素、五味子乙素的质量浓度分别为(8.1453±1.0202)、(6.6045±1.3414)、(0.5601±0.1375)、(5.9330±0.9666)μg/mL。结论复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清中的药源性成分主要有木脂素及其代谢产物。     

五味子果实、藤茎及果柄的成分分析

[目的]对五味子果实、藤茎及果柄中的五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素及五味子乙素进行鉴别及含量测定.[方法]采用TLC法及RPHPLC法,在C18柱上,以甲醇水(73∶27)为流动相分别测定各成分的含量.[结果]五味子藤茎中五味子醇甲的含量与五味子果实相近,五味子乙素的含量约占五味子果实的50%,而五味子果柄中上述成分均较少.     

正交试验法优选五味子甲素和五味子乙素的超声提取工艺

目的:通过正交试验确定了五味子甲素和五味子乙素的超声提取工艺。方法:采用超声提取法提取五味子甲素和五味子乙素,以提取溶剂、超声时间、超声次数、溶剂用量为因素,以五味子甲素和五味子乙素提取率为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交表设计,用正交实验确定最佳提取条件,采用HPLC法分析2种成分。结果:在所考察的因素中,以五味子甲素与五味子乙素含量的均值为主要指标,确定最佳超声提取工艺为:以8倍体积甲醇为溶剂,超声提取3次,每次10min。结论:确定五味子最佳超声提取工艺,此法简单、快速、提取效率高;HPLC分析方法准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于五味子有效成分的分析。     

护肝片中五味子含量测定方法的建立及不同厂家产品含量的比较

目的 建立护肝片中4种木脂素类有效成分的含量测定方法,并采用新方法比较不同厂家产品含量的差异.方法 采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱:Hypersil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:乙腈-水系统梯度洗脱;检测波长:250 nm;流速:1 mL/min;进样量10 tL.结果 五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素的平均回收率依次为98.06%、98.28%、97.49%、99.82%,RSD依次为0.83%、1.80%、1.11%、0.83%.所收集的各厂家护肝片每片中五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素的含量依次为0.212 8～0.615 1 mg、0.004 7～0.140 6 mg、0.051 6～0.305 0mg、0.091 3～0.346 0mg.结论 本方法准确简便可行,可用于护肝片中五味子多指标成分的含量测定,且新方法测得不同厂家的产品质量差异显著.     

HPLC同时测定复方五味含片中葛根素、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素

目的建立HPLC同时测定复方五味含片中葛根素、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素6种成分含量的方法。方法 KromasiL C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速1.0mL/min;柱温30℃,检测波长250nm。结果葛根素、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素分别在0.031 0~0.154 9、0.013 7~0.068 5、0.042 4~0.211 8、0.017 4~0.087 1、0.001 8~0.009 1、0.013 6~0.068 1mg/mL线性范围良好;相关系数均大于0.999 5;平均加样回收率分别为98.6%、100.4%、98.3%、98.3%、96.8%、99.4%;RSD分别为2.6%、2.8%、1.2%、2.3%、0.9%、2.5%。结论该方法简便、重复性好,可用于复方五味含片的质量控制。     

护肝抗原胶囊质量标准研究

目的:建立护肝抗原胶囊的质量控制方法。方法:采用HPLC法测定护肝抗原胶囊中黄芩素和五味子醇甲含量,同时建立胶囊中女贞子、刺五加、五味子、虎杖、柴胡、丹皮、黄芩、桑寄生TLC定性鉴别。结果:HPLC法测出黄芩素、五味子醇甲分别在0.124~1.246、0.226~2.26μg范围内,有良好的线性关系,线性方程分别是:Y=2701.98 X+11.42(r=0.9999)和Y=1711.31 X+12.32(r=0.9999);加样回收率分别是98.02%(RSD=2.54%)和98.51%(RSD=1.37%)。同时,薄层色谱中检出了刺五加、五味子、女贞子、虎杖、刺五加、柴胡、丹皮、黄芩、桑寄生的特征斑点。结论:该方法简单可行,能用于控制护肝抗原胶囊的质量。     

复方榛花肝宁胶囊的质量标准研究

目的 建立复方榛花肝宁胶囊的质量标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法对三七、龙胆进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法对复方榛花肝宁胶囊中的五味子醇甲成分进行含量测定.结果 薄层色谱鉴别的专属性强,斑点清晰;五味子醇甲进样量在0.17～0.85μg范围内,进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,y=9 832120.6X+1 282 419.5,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为98.85％,RSD=1.08％(n=5);含量测得样品中五味子醇甲平均含量为0.094 8mg/粒,并依此将本品含量限度暂定为含五味子醇甲不得少于0.07 mg/粒.结论 该方法准确可靠,可用于质量标准的确立.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.