累及黄斑的孔源性视网膜脱离手术前后黄斑区光学相干断层扫描与多焦视网膜电图的变化

目的：观察累及黄斑区的孔源性视网膜脱离( RRD)患眼手术前后黄斑区光学相干断层扫描(OCT)与多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）表现的变化。 方法：回顾性研究。选择2013年9月至2014年7月在河南省眼科研究所确诊为累及黄斑的RRD并行巩膜扣带术的患者52例（52眼）,以对侧正常眼作对照。RRD患眼均行巩膜扣带手术治疗。手术前及手术后1周,术后1、3、6个月,进行OCT及mfERG检查,观察RRD患眼黄斑区微结构,以及黄斑区反应振幅密度及潜伏期的变化。采用t检验对术前患眼与正常眼进行比较,采用重复测景方差分析对患眼手术前后黄斑中心凹厚度变化与中央1环的N1、P1波反应密度和潜伏期比较分析;采用Pearson积矩相关分析法分析术后各时问点最佳矫正视力(BCVA)与黄斑中心凹厚度、中央1环的N1、P1波反应密度和潜伏期的相关性。 结果：所有患眼术后均成功复位。术前患眼黄斑中心凹厚度较正常眼明显增厚,为(534+44) μm,差异有统计学意义（t=17.127,P<0.05）,术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月患者黄斑中心凹厚度,较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与正常眼相比较,术前患者中央1环Nl波和P1波振幅密度降低（t_N1=17.372、t_p1=23.943,P< 0.05）,潜伏期延长（t_Nl=5.291、t_Pl=7.306,P< 0.05）,差异均有统计学意义,术后1周、术后1、3、6个月中央1环N1波及P1波振幅密度较术前均提高（P<0.01）,潜伏期与术前差异无统计学意义。患者BCVA在术后1、3、6个月与黄斑中心凹厚度呈负相关(r=-0.801、-0.695、-0.643,P<0.05),l与中央1环N1波及P1波振幅密度呈正相关(r_N1=0.702、0.695、0.632,r_p1=0.811、0.713、0.648;P< 0.05),与潜伏期无相关性。 结论：OCT与mfERG可以客观综合观察RRD患者术后黄斑区的形态和功能,评估视网膜脱离后的手术疗效。     

Electrophysiological similarities between two eyes with X-linked recessive retinoschisis

Electroretinograms (ERG) and electro-oculograms (EOG) were studied in 88 eyes of 44 male patients with X-linked recessive retinoschisis. Differences of fundus appearance, ERG, and EOG between the eyes of each patient were analyzed. Fundus abnormalities were symmetrical in 77.3% of the cases. The amplitude of the ERG a-wave was normal in 26.1% and was abnormally low in 73.9%. The amplitude of the b-wave was below normal in all eyes; thus a small b-wave/a-wave ratio, which is characteristic of X-linked recessive retinoschisis, was observed in every case. The light peak to dark trough (LP/DT) ratio of the EOG was normal in 90.8% of the cases. The relative electrophysiological differences between the two eyes were calculated and showed that a-wave amplitude was not different between eyes in 75.0% of the cases; b-wave amplitude was not different in 77.3% of the cases; b-wave/a-wave ratio was symmetrical in 93.2% of the cases; and the LP/DT ratio was consistent between eyes in 86.8% of the cases. These results suggest that in most cases of X-linked recessive retinoschisis the fundus appearance, ERG, and EOG are similarly affected in both eyes of the patient.     

联合疗法治疗缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞的临床疗效评价

目的 评价联合疗法即全视网膜光凝(PRP)、玻璃体切除术(PPV)、放射状视神经切开术(RON)及玻璃体内注射曲安奈德(IVTA)治疗缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)的临床疗效,探讨其作用机制及安伞性.方法 入选38例38只眼分为:第1组14只眼,术式为PRP、PPV、RON和IVTA2mg;第2组13只眼,术式为PRP、PPV、RON和IVTA4mg:第3组11只眼,术式为PRP、RON和IVTA4mg.术后平均随访≥6个月.手术前后观察最佳矫正视力、眼压、荧光眼底血管造影(FFA)及光相干断层扫描(OCT)等.结果 随访最终34只眼(89.47%)最佳矫正视力较术前提高,术后3d、1、3、6个月及最终视力与术前相比均明显提高(P＜0.05). FFA示术后1、3、6个月臂-视网膜循环时间及视网膜循环时间均较术前明显缩短(P＜0.01).术后黄斑中心凹厚度、多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)及黄斑区视野均较术前明显改善(P＜0.01).术中及术后并发症少见.结论 联合疗法可改善缺血型CRVO患者视功能,减轻黄斑水肿,还可显著减少单纯IVTA引起的并发症.     

Tilted disc syndrome: an OCT and mfERG study

Purpose To evaluate retinal thickness and function in eyes with tilted disc syndrome with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods Twenty-one eyes of 12 patients (4 males and 8 females) with tilted disc were studied with OCT3 and mfERG and compared with 40 eyes of 20 age and sex-matched control subjects. The thickness of the fovea and the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) along a 3.4-mm-diameter circle centred on the optic nerve head were evaluated using OCT3. The macular cone function was tested by mfERG. Results The OCT-derived RNFL thickness was significantly decreased in the superior area of eyes with tilted disc with a mean value equal to 106.47 μm (SD 24.1). The mean response amplitude density of the fovea (11.75 nV/deg2) and parafovea (8.22 nV/deg2) was significantly lower in eyes with tilted disc than in normal eyes. Conclusion OCT and mfERG can be objective tools for assessing anatomical and functional damage of the macula. Our results suggest that in tilted disc syndrome even without visual impairment the optic nerve and the macula show dysfunction not visible by other means.     

Retinal break and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after transpupillary thermotherapy as primary or adjunct treatment of choroidal melanoma

OBJECTIVE: To report the development of retinal break or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) as primary or adjunct treatment of choroidal melanoma. METHODS: In this noncomparative, interventional case series, the authors reviewed medical records of 13 patients who developed retinal break or RRD following TTT. The main outcome measures were clinical features and outcome of treatment of retinal break or RRD following TTT. RESULTS: Of 1574 patients managed on the Oncology Service at Wills Eye Institute with TTT as primary or adjunct treatment of choroidal melanoma, 13 (1%) developed retinal break with or without RRD. The mean patient age at diagnosis of choroidal melanoma was 56 years. Treatment for choroidal melanoma included combined plaque radiotherapy and TTT in 10 patients and TTT alone in 3 patients. The median number of TTT sessions before development of retinal break or RRD was 2. Retinal break or RRD developed at a median of 3 months following the last TTT. All the retinal breaks were located in the TTT-treated area. Retinal breaks were atrophic in 11 eyes and horseshoe shaped in 2 cases. The extent of retinal detachment was none in 1 eye, 1 quadrant or less in 5 eyes, 2 or 3 quadrants in 4 eyes, and 4 quadrants in 3 eyes. Seven patients underwent vitrectomy, one received cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation, and five were observed without treatment. In all eight patients who received treatment for RRD, the retina was attached after a mean follow-up period of 54 months with no intraocular or local extraocular tumor dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: Development of retinal break or RRD is a rare complication of TTT for treatment of choroidal melanoma. The majority of these cases develop within 6 months of TTT and most are caused by atrophic retinal holes in the TTT-treated area.     

糖尿病视网膜1期病变多焦视网膜图变化分析

目的 通过检测糖尿病视网膜1期病变患者多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretino-gram,mfERG),评价1期糖尿病视网膜病变患者早期视功能的变化.方法 检测正常对照组31只眼,1期糖尿病视网膜病变组46只眼的mtERG在视野30°的测试范围内6个不同离心度的环形区N1、P1波潜伏期、P1波反应密度改变.结果 在视野30°的测试范围内6个不同离心度的环形区,1期糖尿病视网膜病变组(DR组)与正常对照组之间比较N1、P1波潜伏期显著延长;环1、2区DR组与正常对照组之间比较P1波反应密度显著降低.结论 尚未出现肉眼可见眼底改变的1期糖尿病视网膜病变即可出现视功能的异常,mfERG能够定量的检测1期糖尿病视网膜病变的局部视功能变化,为糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断提供有效方法.     

A comparison of multifocal ERG and frequency domain OCT changes in patients with abnormalities of the retina

To compare the ability of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) to detect retinal abnormalities. A total of 198 eyes (100 patients) were referred by neuro-ophthalmologists to rule out a retinal etiology of visual impairment. All patients were evaluated with static automated perimetry (SAP) (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer; Zeiss Meditec), mfERG (Veris, EDI) and fdOCT (3D-OCT 1000, Topcon). The mfERG was performed with 103 scaled hexagons and procedures conforming to ISCEV standards (Hood DC et al. (2008) Doc Ophthalmol 116(1):1–11). The fdOCT imaging included horizontal and vertical line scans through the fovea. Local mfERG and fdOCT abnormalities were compared to local regions of visual field sensitivity loss measured with SAP and categorized as normal/inconclusive or abnormal. 146 eyes were categorized as normal retina on both fdOCT and mfERG. The retina of 52 eyes (36 patients) was categorized as abnormal based upon mfERG and/or fdOCT. Of this group, 25 eyes (20 patients) were abnormal on both tests. However, 20 eyes (13 patients) were abnormal on mfERG, while the fdOCT was normal/inconclusive; and 7 eyes (7 patients) had normal or inconclusive mfERG, but abnormal fdOCT. Considerable disagreement exists between these two methods for detection of retinal abnormalities. The mfERG tends to miss small local abnormalities that are detectable on the fdOCT. On the other hand, the fdOCT can appear normal in the face of clearly abnormal mfERG and SAP results. While improved imaging and analysis may show fdOCT abnormalities in some cases, in others early damage may not appear on structural tests.     

Retinal tears and retinal detachment as factors affecting visual outcome after cataract extraction complicated by posteriorly dislocated lens material

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and effect on visual acuity of complicating factors such as retinal tears (RTs) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens fragments after cataract extraction. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive series of patients presenting at a referral vitreoretinal practice with posteriorly dislocated lens material after cataract extraction over a period of 8 years. The presence of RT, RRD, endophthalmitis, and choroidal hemorrhage was noted, and their effect on visual outcome was studied. RESULTS: A total of 307 eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens material after cataract extraction were identified. Fifty-eight eyes (19%) were managed medically (Group I), whereas the other 249 eyes (81%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy for removal of the lens material (Group II). Indications for surgical management included uncontrolled inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, and large lens fragments. No eyes in Group I developed RT or RRD. Of the 249 Group II eyes, 13 (5%) were found to have RT, and 25 (10%) developed RRD. In Group II, choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis were noted in 12 (5%) and 4 (2%) eyes, respectively. Fifty-one (88%) of 58 eyes in Group I and 138 (55%) of 249 eyes in Group II achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Seven (54%) of the 13 eyes with RT and 9 (36%) of the 25 eyes with RRD achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. In the RRD group, 9 (56%) of the 16 macula-on eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, whereas none of the 9 macula-off eyes had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. None of the 4 eyes with endophthalmitis and only 1 (8%) of the 12 eyes with choroidal hemorrhage had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Five (62%) of eight eyes with retinal detachment treated with pneumatic retinopexy needed further treatment with scleral buckle to achieve anatomical reattachment. CONCLUSION: A good visual outcome (20/40 or better) is possible in eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens fragments after cataract extraction, even when retinal tears or macula-on retinal detachment is present. The presence of a macula-off retinal detachment, however, has a significant adverse effect on the visual outcome. Pneumatic retinopexy is not associated with retinal reattachment in many cases and is not preferred.     

Visual function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients

Background Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease presents with anterior segment inflammation, choroiditis and exudative retinal detachment. Following resolution of the inflammation, VKH patients have been noted to complain of visual disturbances despite good visual acuity. We therefore investigated the visual function deficits of convalescent VKH patients.Methods A cross-sectional observational nonrandomized controlled study of convalescent VKH patients from the Uveitis Service of the Singapore National Eye Centre, and normal subjects was performed. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) of VKH patients with and without peripapillary atrophy (PPA) were compared with those of the normal eyes. The mfERG results were subdivided into those obtained from the peripapillary area and those from the rest of the macular.Results Eleven VKH eyes with large PPA to disc ratios (PPA/D ratio >2), 15 VKH eyes with PPA/D ratios<1 and 6 normal eyes were included in the study. Five eyes (54.5%) of VKH patients with PPA/D>2 had a BCVA of less than 20/40. All the other eyes had 20/20 vision. Nine of the 11 VKH eyes with PPA/D>2 also had large areas of chorioretinal atrophy.The mfERG responses of VKH eyes with PPA/D ratio >2 were markedly reduced in amplitude (p<0.001) and delayed in implicit time (p<0.001) throughout the entire macular area. VKH patients with PPA/D ratio<1 had significantly reduced mfERG amplitudes throughout the entire macular area, as well as delayed implicit times at the peripapillary region (p=0.026). Sub-division of VKH eyes with PPA/D<1 into eyes with no PPA and eyes with a small PPA, showed that both groups had a similar reduction in response amplitude over the entire macular region. However, the implicit time was significantly delayed in eyes with small PPA when compared to those without PPA (p<0.03).Conclusions VKH patients with large PPA have clinically significant visual dysfunction. VKH patients without PPA also have subclinical retinal dysfunction. The mfERG may be a useful adjunct in the management of VKH by detecting early retinal damage.The authors have no financial relationship with the Singapore Eye Research Institute that has sponsored the research, and have full control of all primary data and agree to allow Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology to review our data if requested.     

Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with encircling scleral band for acute retinal necrosis-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25G PPV) with encircling scleral band (ESB) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:Single-center retrospective interventional case series of patients who underwent 25G PPV with ESB for ARN-related RRD. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina after primary PPV. Functional success was measured by the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/400. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also noted.Results:14 eyes of 13 patients were included in the study. Six patients (46.1%) were immunocompromised. The mean follow-up was 23.64 ± 9.95 (range 6-42) months. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 13 eyes and C₃F₈ gas in one eye. After the primary PPV, complete anatomical success was seen in all eyes (100%), however, one eye developed phthisis bulbi after silicone oil removal (SOR). Statistically significant improvement of BCVA was seen, from LogMAR 2.03 ± 0.29 preoperatively to LogMAR 1.57 ± 0.63 postoperatively (p-value 0.014). Six eyes (42.9%) had functional success. Nine eyes (64.3%) had improvement in vision while 4 eyes (28.6%) maintained preoperative vision. 10 eyes (71.4%) underwent cataract surgery, nine eyes (64.3%) underwent SOR while 2 eyes (14.3%) had epiretinal membrane (ERM) under oil during follow-up.Conclusion:25G PPV combines the advantages of minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery while offering improved anatomic outcomes in patients with ARN-related RRD. The functional outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula.     

Tailored vitrectomy and laser photocoagulation without scleral buckling for all primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

AIM: To investigate the anatomical and functional results and the complications in eyes operated on using vitrectomy without scleral buckling for all forms of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: All cases of primary RRD at the University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden, treated by one surgeon during a period of 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. In 131 (98%) of 134 consecutive cases, a final follow-up record of 3-14 months was obtained, and these eyes were included in the study. The surgical protocol was tailored for each case and consisted of vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation and tamponade. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were analyses for risk for redetachment and postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). RESULTS: Complete reattachment was achieved in 87% of cases (114/131) after one operation and in 95% cases after > or =1 operation. A primary detachment of >1 quadrant was the only significant risk factor for redetachment (p<0.05). The most common cause of redetachment was progressive PVR. Significant risk and factors for PVR postoperatively were a poor preoperative visual acuity and a high number of laser effects during surgery (p<0.05). The visual acuity for the total number of eyes, macula-off eyes, and pseudophakic as well as phakic eyes, improved significantly. The visual acuity for macula-on eyes did not change significantly. Six patients developed ocular hypertension and another 6 an epiretinal membrane. Three patients reported a visual field defect. Increased lens opacification was seen in 64 of the 94 (68%) phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The tailored vitrectomy protocol is well suited to all types of RRD. Increased lens opacification in phakic eyes is common, but visual acuity is considerably improved in phakic as well as pseudophakic eyes. PVR development postoperatively is related to the extent of laser treatment, indicating that the protocol may be even further optimised in the future.     

手术显微镜直视下巩膜外加压治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的观察显微镜直视下巩膜外加压治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的临床疗效。 方法纳入2016年9月至2017年9月于中国中医科学院眼科医院玻璃体视网膜病科诊断为RRD,并首次接受巩膜外加压术的患者18例(20只眼)的临床资料,在显微镜下进行巩膜外加压手术,所有患者随访1～12个月,平均(6.1±1.2)个月,观察视力、视网膜复位率及并发症等。术前与术后患者的视力按照<0.05,0.05～0.30和>0.30分为三类,采用眼数和百分比进行描述,比较采用Kruskal－Wallis H秩和检验。 结果在本研究所观察的病例中,视网膜全部复位,无重大并发症发生。其中,有6例(6只眼)患者需联合玻璃体腔注气术治疗,术后1～2周完全吸收。所有病例均予以巩膜穿刺放液,残余视网膜下液多在术后2周左右完全消退,但有2例(2只眼)患者在术后半年才完全吸收。此外,有4例(4只眼)患者术后补充视网膜裂孔周围激光光凝。随访过程中观察到病例中原病变区视网膜裂孔全部闭合,视网膜复位率100%。12例(13只眼)术后视力得以提高,6例(7只眼)术后视力无变化。因巩膜外加压导致眼球形态由原来的近似正球形发生改变。部分病例屈光度发生改变,视网膜脱离累及黄斑区者在视网膜下液吸收、黄斑复位后,视力有部分提高,经Kruskal－Wallis H秩和检验,差异有统计学意义(Hc＝8.62,P<0.05)。有4例(4只眼)出现术后轻度双眼复视,5～7 d后症状消失,眼球运动无受限;13例(13只眼)术后因结膜缝线刺激主诉异物感,拆除缝线后无不适;1例(1只眼)术后结膜切口延期愈合。 结论显微镜下外路视网膜脱离复位手术可以提高视网膜裂孔的封闭率,提高手术成功率,避免一部分手术并发症。     

隐匿性黄斑营养不良临床分析

目的 探讨隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者的临床特点。方法 回顾性病例系列研究。隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者9例（14只眼）,其中男性3例,女性6例;年龄7 ～ 53岁,平均36岁。患眼行视力、双目间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影、视网膜电图(ERG)、多焦ERG、视诱发电位、相干光断层扫描及色觉等检查。患者组与正常对照组多焦ERG的1环和2环P1波的潜伏期、振幅密度比较,采用两独立样本t检验;患眼多焦ERG的1环和2环P1波的潜伏期、振幅密度与视力的相关性采用一元线性相关分析。结果 9例（14只眼）隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者中,视力0.05 ～0.2者9只眼,0.3 ～0.6者4只眼,≥0.7者1只眼。所有患者均表现为进行性视力下降,但眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影、ERG检查均未见明显异常,仅多焦ERG检查结果显示黄斑中心区功能受损。1环P1波潜伏期：患者组(27.67±1.07) ms,对照组(26.28±1.88) ms,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.308,P＜0.05);1环P1波振幅密度：患者组(42.71±15.48) nv/deg2,对照组(66.79±14.87) nv/deg2,两组间差异有统计学意义(t =5.259,P＜0.05)。2环P1波潜伏期：患者组(27.80±1.20)ms,对照组(26.91±0.82)ms,两组间差异有统计学意义（t=-2.275,P＜0.05）;2环P1波振幅密度：患者组(24.99±8.49) nv/deg2,对照组(39.20±6.47) nv/deg2,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=4.943,P＜0.05)。患者组1环和2环P1波的潜伏期（r=-0.329,-0.369）和振幅密度(r=0.053,0.057)与视力均无相关性(P＞0.05)。结论 隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者的主要临床表现为视力下降,而眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影、ERG检查均正常,多焦ERG改变为黄斑部锥细胞营养不良的主要表现。     

未联合扣带的单纯玻璃体手术治疗较复杂裂孔性视网膜脱离(临床初步报告)

目的：探讨首选不联合巩膜扣带的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗未伴明显PVR的较复杂裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效及价值。方法：选取我院裂孔性视网膜脱离住院病人合适病例31人(31眼)。采用标准三切口玻璃体切除，气液交换经原裂孔视网膜下液内引流，复位后直视下巩膜外冷凝封孔，酌情予C3F8眼内充填的手术方案。结果：1．术中内探查出并治疗术前调诊裂孔15个。2．一次性手术视网膜复位率达96．8％(30只眼)，1例为术前合并脉络膜脱离者，术后葡萄膜炎影响复位，2周后再行眼内补充注气及环扎术。最终解剖成功率达100％。3．术后视力均有不同程度明显提高，其中0．3以上达14例(45．2％)，最佳视力达1．0。4．术后早期晶体后囊混浊16例(51．6％)，均于1月内消退。3—6个月随访期内未见明显并发症。结论：对于裂孔大小、形态、数量、分布、位置稍特殊或屈光介质混浊影响眼底检查等未伴明显PVR的较复杂型裂孔性视网膜脱离，首选不联合巩膜扣带的玻璃体手术，有利于提高一次性手术复位率和视功能恢复，并减少并发症。     

Silicone oil tamponade in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To describe 20 consecutive patients treated with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachments (RD) of different etiologies. METHODS: Prospective case series. Twenty patients with complex retinal detachment were submitted to a primary 23-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (RRD + PVR) in 7 cases, diabetic tractional retinal detachment (DTRD) in 5 cases, giant retinal tear (GRT) in 2 cases, RRD with multiple tears in 2 cases, GRT + uveitis in 1 case, RRD + uveitis in 1 case, DTRD + RRD in 1 case, and RRD + PVR with intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in 1 case. Length of postoperative follow up ranged from 3 to 14 months. RESULTS: Final visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to hand motion. Postoperatively, none of the 20 eyes had hypotony or leakage of silicone oil through the sclerotomies. Seventeen out of 20 (85%) had improved vision. CONCLUSION: Silicone oil tamponade was demonstrated to be a feasible option in conjunction with 23-g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy to treat complex retinal detachment.     

视网膜色素变性患者手术治疗45名

目的:评估视网膜色素变性患者的手术疗效。方法:对45名视网膜色素变性患者90眼进行手术治疗,术前和术后分别对这些患者进行了视锐度、自动视野计和三种视觉电生理指标(F-ERG、EOG和P-VEP)的检测。结果:术后3～22月,患者的视锐度得到了明显的改善,视野显著扩大,视野缺损减低。术前在90眼中有73眼(81.1%)的暗视F-ERG为熄灭型,在术后3～22月期间进行复查时,有些曾消失的F-ERG波复现,暗视F-ERG为熄灭型的眼下降至66(73.3%)只(P <0.05, t检验),一些原来残存的F-ERG波的波幅增加,峰潜伏期也缩短。EOG曲线变得更为弯曲,某些EOG的参数(如Arden比和G比值)也明显的增加(P <0.05, t检验)。用棋盘格翻转刺激中央6о视野时能够记录到P-VEP的患者数目,在45例中由术前的22例在术后增加到31例。这45例的残存P100波的平均振幅由术前的1.007μV增加到术后的2.236μV,有显著的统计学差异(P<0.005, t检验)。结论:手术治疗RP是有效和安全的,并能改善患者的视觉和阻止RP病程的发展。     

SD-OCT评估孔源性视网膜脱离硅油填充术后黄斑区微结构的改变

目的：应用频域光学相干断层成像(SD-OCT)评估孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)硅油填充术后黄斑区微结构的改变。

方法：选取2019-11/2021-07就诊于沧州爱尔眼科医院行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术的RRD患者27例27眼纳入观察组,另选取健康志愿者30例30眼纳入对照组。观察患者手术前后最佳矫正视力(BCVA),并使用SD-OCT量化评估术后黄斑区微结构的改变情况。

结果：观察组术后1wk,3mo BCVA(LogMAR)(0.61±0.23、0.69±0.34)较术前(1.43±0.77)均改善(均P<0.01)。观察组术后3mo黄斑区立方体体积、立方体平均厚度较术后1wk,1mo及对照组均降低(均P<0.05)。观察组术后1wk,1、3mo平均神经节细胞-内丛状层(GCIPL)厚度、GCIPL最小厚度、平均黄斑区视网膜神经纤维层(mRNFL)厚度、mRNFL最小厚度均无差异,但较对照组均降低(均P<0.01)。术后随访观察组发生视网膜下积液(SRF)9眼,SRF有逐渐吸收的趋势,但其中1眼继发黄斑裂孔; 椭圆体带中断3眼,有逐渐修复趋势; 黄斑区视网膜下重水残留2眼; 黄斑水肿2眼。

结论：SD-OCT可以很好地显示RRD硅油填充术后黄斑区微结构及形态改变,对RRD术前及术后随访评估具有重要的临床价值。     

Visual evoked potential (VEP) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in ocular syphilitic posterior segment inflammation

The aim of this study is to correlate multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) changes with visual acuity and clinical features in patients with posterior segment inflammation secondary to syphilis. A retrospective interventional case series of 4 patients with visual loss secondary to syphilitic uveitis is reported. The mfERG (P1) showed diminished amplitudes and prolonged latency in 7 affected eyes. Visual acuity rapidly improved 2 weeks after initiation of therapy. OCT demonstrated anatomical recovery at 1 month. In three patients, visual acuity was restored to 6/6 at 6–9 months but mfERG responses remained significantly reduced and delayed for 12–15 months before recovery to normal levels. One patient developed a retinal detachment, but achieved 6/9 vision at 30 months. VEP changes, interpreted in combination with mfERG responses, showed evidence of optic nerve involvement in 6 eyes. Ocular findings, including posterior placoid chorioretinitis, are important diagnostic features of secondary and tertiary syphilis. Visual acuity and clinical recovery occur early with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, and precede full electrophysiological recovery of the outer retina-RPE complex. Ophthalmologists have the opportunity to play a key role in undetected or missed diagnoses of syphilis, and with appropriate treatment the visual prognosis is excellent.     

单眼视网膜静脉阻塞患者对侧眼黄斑功能的多焦视网膜电图检测

目的 观察单眼视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)患者对侧眼黄斑功能的变化.方法 对比分析24例经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)确诊为单眼RVO患者的24只对侧眼及18位正常受试者18只正常眼的多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)检测结果,比较两组受试者黄斑功能的差异.采用罗兰RETIsean电生理仪记录mfERG,将记录图形分别按照6个同心圆和4个象限对P1、N1波的振幅密度及潜伏期进行比较和分析.结果 RVO患者对侧眼在中心第1、2环处P1、N1波的振幅密度显著低于正常眼,差异有统计学意义(t=4.520,2.147;P＜0.05);其它各环、各象限振幅密度及潜伏期在两组间均未见明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 与正常眼相比,RVO患者对侧眼黄斑中心凹视功能受损.     

Comparison of persistent submacular fluid in different preoperative macular status after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To compare the incidence of persistent submacular fluid (SMF) and visual outcome after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in different preoperative macular status according to optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: A non-randomized, retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent successful PPV for RRD. OCT exams were taken preoperatively and 1mo after surgery, until SMF disappeared. According to the preoperative macular status on OCT, patients were divided into two groups: macula-off RRD (Group A) and macula-on RRD (Group B). In Group A, there were two subgroups: macula partly detached (Group A1) and macula totally detached (Group A2). The main outcome measures were the presence of SMF on OCT 1mo after surgery, and the preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), among the different groups and depending on the presence or absence of persistent SMF. RESULTS: A total of 139 eyes of 139 patients were included in the study. Persistent SMF at 1mo after surgery was 15.8% (22/139), all occurring in Group A (22/101); Group B had no SMF at 1mo after surgery (0/38, P=0.002). The incidence of persistent SMF at 1mo after surgery in Group A1 was 50% (14/28), and in Group A2 was 11.0% (8/73, P<0.001). Significant differences were shown between the presence and absence of persistent SMF on foveola-off RRD, the preoperative BCVA, the 1mo postoperative BCVA, and the degree of the BCVA improvement from 1mo postoperatively to the final follow-up (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final BCVA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Persistent SMF after PPV for retinal detachment is associated with preoperative macular status. Macula-uninvolving RRD shows no persistent SMF after PPV. Macular partly detached RRD has a higher incidence of SMF than macula totally detached RRD after PPV. The persistence of SMF may be responsible for the delayed visual recovery, whereas there were no significant differences in the final visual acuity.