后踝撞击综合征MRI和CT诊断价值分析

【摘要】目的:研究电子计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）对后踝撞击综合征的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析疑似后踝撞击综合征患者80例,均实施关节镜下手术治疗,且在术前进行CT和MRI检查。观察CT和MRI对后踝撞击综合征诊断情况,并对两种诊断方式一致性及诊断效能进行分析。结果:80例患者中经关节镜确诊后踝撞击综合征诊患者70例（87.50%）,其中CT诊断后踝撞击综合征患者51例（63.75%）,MRI诊断后踝撞击综合征患者65例（81.25%）,两种方式诊断率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组诊断方式特异度和阳性预测值均为100%,其中MRI灵敏度、准确性、阴性预测值均优于CT（P<0.05）。CT诊断结果与关节镜手术结果具有一致性（Kappa>0.4）,MRI诊断结果与关节镜手术结果一致性较好（Kappa>0.7）。结论:后踝撞击综合征术前辅助检查使用MRI诊断准确率、诊断效能及一致性均优于CT,临床应用价值较高。     

Talocrural dislocation with associated weber type C fibular fracture in a collegiate football player: a case report

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a talocrural dislocation with a Weber type C fibular fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athlete. BACKGROUND: The athlete, while attempting to make a tackle during a game, collided with an opponent, who in turn stepped on the lateral aspect of the athlete's ankle, resulting in forced ankle eversion and external rotation. On-field evaluation showed a laterally displaced talocrural dislocation. Immediate reduction was performed in the athletic training room to maintain skin integrity. Post-reduction radiographs revealed a Weber type C fibular fracture and increased medial joint clear space. A below-knee, fiberglass splint was applied to stabilize the ankle joint complex. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Subtalar dislocation, Maisonneuve fracture, malleolar fracture, deltoid ligament rupture, syndesmosis disruption. TREATMENT: The sports medicine staff immediately splinted and transported the athlete to the athletic training room to reduce the dislocation. The athlete then underwent an open reduction and internal fixation procedure to stabilize the injury: 2 syndesmosis screws and a fibular plate were placed to keep the ankle joint in an anatomically reduced position. With the guidance of the athletic training staff, the athlete underwent an accelerated physical rehabilitation protocol in an effort to return to sport as quickly and safely as possible. UNIQUENESS: Most talocrural dislocations and associated Weber type C fibular fractures are due to motor vehicle accidents or falls. We are the first to describe this injury in a Division I football player and to present a general rehabilitation protocol for a high-level athlete. CONCLUSIONS: Sports medicine practitioners must recognize that this injury can occur in the athletic environment. Prompt reduction, early surgical intervention, sufficient resources, and an accelerated rehabilitation protocol all contributed to a successful outcome in the patient.     

踝关节大骨结病的相关研究进展

大骨节病发病越早,症状和体征愈著曰典型表现为身材矮小和四肢关节对称发病,特别是负重关节如膝关节和踝关节遥 现病区成年人踝关节大骨节病临床症状逐渐表现出来,严重影响患者的生活,大多临床医师对踝关节大骨节病认识不够全面, 在临床诊治中容易漏诊尧误诊遥现本文针对踝关节大骨节的病因尧影像学改变及鉴别诊断作一综述遥     

以踝关节解剖结构及生物力学特征分析慢性踝关节不稳

背景：长期慢性踝关节不稳可引起创伤性关节病及继发粘连关节囊炎,甚至成为永久性功能障碍。 目的：分析踝关节的生物力学,明确慢性踝关节不稳的形成原因,探讨慢性踝关节不稳的诊断方法及治疗方案。 方法：检索1990年1月至2014年12月PubMed数据库和万方医学网,选取与慢性踝关节不稳有关解剖、生物力学、诊治等相关方面的综述及基础实验研究的文章。检索词：“慢性踝关节不稳,踝关节解剖,生物力学,治疗方法,研究进展”和“Chronic ankle instability,Anatomy of ankle joint,Biomechanics,Therapy, Research”。经过筛选后纳入40篇文献,对踝关节解剖学结构、慢性踝关节外侧不稳机制及分级、诊断方法、治疗方法等内容的总结。 结果与结论：慢性踝关节不稳的诊断方法包括踝关节内翻应力试验、踝关节前抽屉试验、超声检测、现代影像学检测;慢性踝关节不稳的治疗方法分为保守治疗和手术治疗,手术可分为非解剖学重建和受损韧带解剖修复。慢性踝关节不稳患者应进行早期的诊断和有效的治疗,应综合踝关节解剖结构、生物力学特征、发病原因、诊断结果等因素决定治疗方案。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

距骨骨软骨损伤研究现状

距骨骨软骨损伤是踝关节慢性疼痛的主要病因之一,根据病史、临床症状及影像学检查一般可确诊。目前,距骨骨软骨损伤的治疗方法众多,包括微骨折术、钻孔术、自体或异体软骨移植、软骨细胞移植等,但远期疗效尚不明确。本文就距骨骨软骨损伤的病因、损伤机制、分期、诊断及治疗研究现状作一综述。     

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis with uveitis

A 17-year-old boy had suffered from right ankle arthralgia when he was 13 years old. He also had bilaterally congested conjunctivas and were erythematous around his right ankle joint. A soft tissue echo showed swelling of the right ankle joint. A Ga 67 scan revealed a focal elevated uptake in the right ankle, but a bone scan was negative. Reactive arthritis was suspected due to conjunctivitis, arthritis and a previous episode of watery diarrhea. An ophthalmologic examination showed no evidence of uveitis. Laboratory data were negative for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody and anti-ds DNA. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 40 mm/hr and a histocompatibility test was positive for antigen B27. Based on the diagnosis of cellulitis and reactive arthritis, oxacillin and naproxen were given for 14 days. During follow-up at the OPD, bilateral arthralgia of the ankle joints was noted and a sonography showed bilateral edematous ankle joints. Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) was suspected. Two years later, he had lower back pain and arthralgia of the knee joints with uveitis of the right eye. He was treated with naproxen and prednisolone. Because few JAS cases initially present as axial arthropathy or enthesopathy and uveitis is uncommon in children, we presented the case with a review of literature and conclusion that the possibility of JAS should be considered in young adolescent boys with arthritis of the lower limbs, enthesitis, a family history of related diseases and positive HLA-B27, as well as negative rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) results.     

The anatomy in relation to injury of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle: a current concepts review

Injuries to the lateral ligament complex of the ankle are common problems in acute care practice. We believe that a well-developed knowledge of the anatomy provides a foundation for understanding the basic mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment, especially surgical treatment, of lateral collateral ankle ligament injury. To address this issue we performed this review with regard to the anatomy of the lateral collateral ankle ligaments.     

3D打印技术在足踝外科的临床应用进展

在足踝外科领域,由于解剖结构涉及多个关节和骨骼,足踝疾病和创伤的诊断及治疗方案相对复杂,3D打印技术作为一种辅助实现外科修复重建的个性化和精准化治疗的新方法,在足踝外科中显示出了极高的临床价值及应用前景。本文将对3D打印的原理及流程进行概述并从术前规划、医患沟通、手术器械设计及术后辅助支具等方面回顾3D打印技术在足踝外科领域的临床应用进展及局限性,为相关研究提供参考。     

Factors Contributing to Chronic Ankle Instability: A Strength Perspective

OBJECTIVE: To examine the concept of dynamic ankle stability and closely critique the relevant research over the past 50+ years focusing on strength as it relates to those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the literature regarding the assessment of strength related to CAI. We searched MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science from 1950 through 2001 using the key words functional ankle instability, chronic ankle instability, strength, ankle stability, chronic ankle dysfunction, and isokinetics. DATA SYNTHESIS: An overview of dynamic stability in the ankle is established, followed by a comprehensive discussion involving the variables used to assess ankle strength. Additionally, a historical look at deficits in muscular stability leading to CAI is provided, and a compilation of numerous contemporary approaches examining strength as it relates to CAI is presented. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Although strength is an important consideration during ankle rehabilitation, deficits in ankle strength are not highly correlated with CAI. More contemporary approaches involving the examination of reciprocal muscle-group ratios as a measure of strength have recently been investigated and offer an insightful, albeit different, avenue for future exploration. Evidence pertaining to the effects of strength training on those afflicted with CAI is lacking, including what, if any, implication strength training has on the various measures of ankle strength.     

Ankle sprain injuries: a 2-year prospective cohort study in female Greek professional basketball players

CONTEXT: Ankle sprains are a common basketball injury. Therefore, examination of risk factors for injury in female professional basketball players is worthwhile. OBJECTIVE: To examine rates of ankle sprains, associated time missed from participation, and risk factors for injury during 2 consecutive seasons. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eighteen professional basketball facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: We observed 204 players from 18 female professional basketball teams for 2 consecutive seasons during a 2-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Using questionnaires, we recorded the incidence of ankle sprains, participation time missed, and mechanisms of injury in games and practice sessions. Potential risk factors, such as age, body mass, height, training experience, and history of ankle sprain, were examined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty of the 204 participants sustained ankle injuries; injuries included 32 ankle sprains, which translated to an ankle sprain rate of 1.12 per 1000 hours of exposure to injury. The 32 players missed 224.4 training and game sessions and an average of 7.01 sessions per injury. Most injuries occurred in the key area of the basketball court and were the result of contact. Injury rates during games were higher than injury rates during practice sessions. Centers, followed by guards and forwards, had the highest rate of injury. Players who did not wear an external ankle support had an odds ratio of 2.481 for sustaining an ankle sprain. CONCLUSIONS: Female professional basketball athletes who did not wear an external ankle support, who played in the key area, or who functioned as centers had a higher risk for ankle sprain than did other players.     

后踝骨折及COVID-19并发患者的治疗现状与进展

后踝骨折是一种常见的累及关节面的下肢骨折,可单独发生,但多合并内外踝骨折以及周围组织结构的损伤.后踝骨折多与垂直暴力和运动损伤相关,其多见于闭合性,以损伤部位的疼痛伴活动受限为主要临床表现.近年来,有研究报道累及后踝的踝关节骨折其预后更差,如若新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者并发足踝损伤时,其处理会更加棘手,预...     

切开复位内固定踝关节骨折：联合带线锚钉修复三角韧带损伤的意义

BACKGROUND: Ankle joint fracture combined with triangular ligament injury is a common type of injury, and is easy to have an impact on the anatomy of the ankle joint, leading to the occurrence of joint instability; the treatment is extremely easy to lead to a variety of complications. For injured triangular ligament, it is controversial whether it is necessary to repair in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a wire anchor for repairing triangular ligament in ankle joint fracture fixation. METHODS: The clinical data of 36 cases of ankle fractures combined with triangular ligament injury, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics of the Seventh People’s Hospital of Zibo City from May 2013 to May 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The ankle fractures combined with triangular ligament injury were treated with open reduction plate fixation. The patients were followed up for 12 months. The recovery of ankle joint function was evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and foot function score. Gravity stress X-ray examination was performed before and after treatment. Space of medial malleolus was measured. Adverse events were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients were followed up 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. AOFAS score of the ankle joint was increased and significantly higher at 12 months than that before surgery (P < 0.05). Gravity stress X-ray examination revealed that the space of medial malleolus of the affected side was smaller at 12 months than that before treatment (P < 0.05). No injuries to nerves and blood vessels were found during surgery, and the incision was healed in the first stage, and no infection was observed. Adverse events such as fixator breakage and loosening were not visible. However, partial function of the ankle joint was limited after repair in triangular ligament injury. Results confirmed that open reduction and internal fixation combined with a wire anchor obtained good effects in the repair of ankle joint fracture with triangular ligament injury.         

Secondary involvement of lymph nodes in Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma is a low-grade neoplasm first described by Moricz Kaposi in 1872. Although many attempts have been made to explain its pathogenesis, its etiology still remains obscure. In this regard, many aspects of the disease's genetic, epidemiological and histopathological backgrounds are even today unclear. We present the case of a 57-year-old male patient, constant HIV negative, with a history of plaque-like lesions on his right foot approximately two years ago. Following surgical removal, a diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma, plaque stage was settled. One year after, the patient was admitted to the hospital for pain in the right ankle and foot, associated to paresthesis and trophic lesions at this level. Similar lesions developed in the popliteal fossa. Biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a KS at that level. The most recent hospital admission revealed the appearance of an indolent lymphadenopathy in the groin. Our case represents a rare occurrence of Kaposi sarcoma at a HIV-negative patient, which, after several local recurrences and progressive behavior, produced a lymph node involvement at the groin level. The immunohistochemical assessments have confirmed the diagnosis.     

Two cases of subcutaneous infection due to Phaeoacremonium spp

We describe two cases in Brazil of human subcutaneous infections due to Phaeoacremonium spp. The first case was caused by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. The patient presented with a unique fistulized nodule on the left ankle. The fungus was detected by direct microscopic examination and was isolated repeatedly from material collected from the lesion. This is the first reported case of human infection caused by this fungus. The second case was caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum. The patient presented with multiple nodules around the left ankle and foot. The fungus was detected by direct examination of pus and histological sections of the nodules. It was repeatedly isolated from the clinical specimens. This is the second reported case of human infection caused by this species.     

距腓前韧带影响踝关节不稳的生物力学研究

目的 探究踝关节不稳中距腓前韧带(anterior talofibular ligament, ATFL)的厚度与弹性模量对踝关节稳定性的影响,为踝关节不稳患者的诊断提供参考依据。 方法 建立踝关节三维有限元模型,改变 ATFL 的厚度与弹性模量,计算踝关节前后向刚度(ankle anteroposterior stiffness, AAS),并作为量化指标评估踝关节稳定性。 结果 ATFL厚度在 0. 78~ 2. 31 mm 范围内引起 AAS 的大幅度变化,且两者关系呈 S 形曲线;ATFL 弹性模量在 60 ~ 400 MPa 变化范围,AAS 随韧带弹性模量增加快速上升。 结论 ATFL 厚度与弹性模量均会影响踝关节的稳定性。     

Structural abnormalities and persistent complaints after an ankle sprain are not associated: an observational case control study in primary care

Background

Persistent complaints are very common after a lateral ankle sprain.

Aim

To investigate possible associations between structural abnormalities on radiography and MRI, and persistent complaints after a lateral ankle sprain.

Design and setting

Observational case control study on primary care patients in general practice.

Method

Patients were selected who had visited their GP with an ankle sprain 6–12 months before the study; all received a standardised questionnaire, underwent a physical examination, and radiography and MRI of the ankle. Patients with and without persistent complaints were compared regarding structural abnormalities found on radiography and MRI; analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results

Of the 206 included patients, 98 had persistent complaints and 108 did not. No significant differences were found in structural abnormalities between patients with and without persistent complaints. In both groups, however, many structural abnormalities were found on radiography in the talocrural joint (47.2% osteophytes and 45.1% osteoarthritis) and the talonavicular joint (36.5% sclerosis). On MRI, a high prevalence was found of bone oedema (33.8%) and osteophytes (39.5) in the talocrural joint; osteophytes (54.4%), sclerosis (47.2%), and osteoarthritis (55.4%, Kellgren and Lawrence grade >1) in the talonavicular joint, as well as ligament damage (16.4%) in the anterior talofibular ligament.

Conclusion

The prevalence of structural abnormalities is high on radiography and MRI in patients presenting in general practice with a previous ankle sprain. There is no difference in structural abnormalities, however, between patients with and without persistent complaints. Using imaging only will not lead to diagnosis of the explicit reason for the persistent complaint.     

The anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments: an anatomic study

Inversion injuries of the ankle are the most common sport injuries. Extreme inversion of the ankle affects frequently lateral ankle ligaments, especially the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. The aim of this study is to investigate the ligaments in detail to contribute to accurate evaluation of radiological investigations and more precise surgical interventions by clarifying the anatomic structure of the ligaments by considering their functional importance. In the study, length between the attachment points and width at the midpoint of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, length and width of the bands of anterior talofibular ligament, and connecting ligaments extending from the talus to calcaneus exchanging from the both ligaments were measured on the 46 ankles. In addition, angles between these ligaments and between longitudinal axis of the fibula and both ligaments were measured. Relationship between determined variables on the right and left sides was statistically analyzed. In diagnosis and treatment methods, the clinical importance of the anatomy of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle, especially the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, was frequently reported in the literature. Angular measurements benefit in determination of the ligament injury. Therefore, knowledge about normal anatomic angles between each other and angles between longitudinal axis of the fibula and both ligaments was certainly important for the correct diagnosis. Nowadays, surgical reconstructions of the ligaments are frequently used. During the surgical invention, length and width of the ligaments are necessary to determine quantity of ligament loss. Nonetheless, knowledge of ligament attachments contributes to more accurate reconstructions.     

Longitudinal Split of the Peroneus Brevis Tendon and Lateral Ankle Instability: Treatment of Concomitant Lesions

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical picture, pathophysiology, and treatment of concomitant lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon and lateral ligament injuries to the ankle. BACKGROUND: In some cases, chronic lateral ankle instability is associated with a longitudinal partial tear in the peroneus brevis tendon. Patients who suffer from this lesion usually have atypical posterolateral ankle pain combined with signs of recurrent ligament instability ("giving way"). The tendon injury is often overlooked because it is combined with the ligament injury, and the injury mechanisms are similar. DESCRIPTION: Tears or laxity in the superior peroneal retinaculum allow the anterior part of the injured peroneus brevis tendon to ride over the sharp posterior edge of the fibula, leading to a longitudinal tear in the tendon. This combined injury should be suspected in patients with recurrent giving way of the ankle joint and retromalleolar pain. The diagnosis can be established using either ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Ligament injury, tenosynovitis, peroneus longus tendon lesion, os peroneum fracture, distal peroneus brevis tendon tear, or anomalous peroneus tertius tendon. TREATMENT: The tendon injury and the ligament insufficiency should be repaired at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum, combined with repair of the tendon, using side-to-side sutures and anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments.     

足踝运动损伤2023年度研究进展

足踝运动医学是近年来逐渐兴起并蓬勃发展的学科,主要聚焦于足踝部韧带、肌腱、软骨损伤的诊断和治疗。本文检索了2023年发表于国际著名期刊中关于足踝运动损伤的相关文献,并对相关最新研究进展进行综述,为今后的研究、诊断及治疗提供新的思路。