8种中草药对致病性浅部真菌的抑菌实验研究

为研究8种中草药对致病性浅部真菌的抑菌效果,采用试管药基稀释法,测定8种中草药对8种致病性浅部真菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),从而观察各种药物对浅部真菌的抑菌效果。结果8种中草药提取物对石膏样毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、羊毛状小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、许兰氏毛癣菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中尤以白头翁、公丁香抗菌作用显著,其平均分别为MIC为10.10%、10.63%。表明公丁香、白头翁对红色毛癣菌、羊毛状小孢子菌、许兰氏毛癣菌、断发样毛癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌有显著的抑菌作用。     

生物酶解技术对中药知母抗真菌作用的影响

目的:评价知母乙醇提取物及其酶水解物对常见真菌的体外抑菌活性。方法:采用回流提取法制备知母乙醇提取物,选用β-葡萄糖苷酶进行酶水解。采用抑菌圈法评价知母乙醇提取物及其酶水解物对白念珠菌的抑菌作用,采用微量液基稀释法检测其对5种常见真菌(白念珠菌、新型隐球菌、须癣毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC_(80))。高效液相色谱法检测知母皂苷BⅡ(TBⅡ)和知母皂苷AⅢ(TAⅢ)的含量。结果:①知母乙醇提取物在320 mg/ml时对白念珠菌SC5314有一定的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径为6 mm;其酶水解物在27 mg/ml和13.5 mg/ml时对白念珠菌SC5314具有抑制作用,抑菌圈直径分别为16 mm和12 mm,抗真菌效果显著提高。②知母乙醇提取物对白念珠菌、新型隐球菌、须癣毛癣菌的MIC_(80)分别为32 mg/L、16 mg/L、32 mg/L,对石膏样小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌无明显抑制作用。其酶水解物对5种真菌的MIC_(80)均低至4 mg/L,对石膏样小孢子菌的抑制活性甚至优于氟康唑;与知母乙醇提取物相比,酶水解物的抗真菌活性均显著增强(P0.01)。TBⅡ对5种真菌的抑制作用均较弱,而TAⅢ对红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌的抑制作用较强,MIC_(80)达4 mg/L。③知母乙醇提取物中TBⅡ含量为(31.3±1.4)%,TAⅢ含量为(3.2±0.3)%;酶水解物中TAⅢ含量为(52.5±0.3)%,未检测到TBⅡ,TAⅢ的转化率为(82.6±1.7)%。结论:β-葡萄糖苷酶作用可促进知母乙醇提取物中TBⅡ转化为TAⅢ,显著提高其抗真菌活性,TAⅢ可能是知母抗真菌作用的主要有效成分之一。     

蛇床子素内酯环完整性对抑真菌活性的影响

目的：观察蛇床子素内酯环完整性对其抑临床常见浅部真菌活性的影响。方法：配制pH=4和pH=9的蛇床子素溶液,以K-B法比较其对须毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌和石膏样小孢子菌的抑菌活性。结果：在pH=4和pH=9时对三种真菌的抑菌圈直径对比分别为32mm∶22mm（P〈0.01）、35mm∶37mm（P〉0.05）和31mm∶29mm（P〉0.05）。结论：蛇床子素内酯环开环前对三种真菌均表现出较好抑菌活性,开环后对须毛癣菌抑菌活性消失,但对石膏样小孢子菌和红色毛癣菌则没有影响。     

红色毛癣菌与石膏样毛癣菌对常用抗真菌剂的体外敏感性

本文采用液基稀释法对38株红色毛癣菌和11株石膏样毛癣菌进行克霉唑、益康唑和咪康唑的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定。其结果为:石膏样毛癣菌对克霉唑较对咪康唑敏感;红色毛癣菌对咪康唑较石膏样毛癣菌敏感。     

海军陆战队某部610例浅部真菌病临床与病原学分析

目的 了解海军陆战部队不同季节浅部真菌病的临床与病原学流行情况.方法 对610例浅部真菌病例进行临床诊断分类,依年度与季节进行分析;采集相应标本分别进行直接镜检、真菌培养、菌种鉴定.结果 1、该部队浅部真菌病逐年减低;2、春夏季发病率较高;3、2008年部队驻地南方春夏季气候反常,浅部真菌病显著减低.镜检阳性率为44.4%,培养阳性率为52.6%,菌种分布分别是红色毛癣菌224株(47.0%)、须癣毛癣菌49株(10.2%)、紫色毛癣菌1株(0.25%)、疣状毛癣菌1株(0.25%)、石膏样小孢子菌8株(1.7%)、犬小孢子菌7株(1.5%)、铁锈色小孢子菌2株(0.5%),絮状表皮癣菌2株(0.5%)、念珠菌与酵母样菌28株(5.8%)、马拉色菌148株(31.1%)曲霉菌与青霉菌6株(1.2%).结论 海军陆战部队浅部真菌病发生率与防治水平及气候环境有关;浅部真菌感染中,红色毛癣菌占主导地位,马拉色菌及其所致浅部真菌病逐年增多.     

蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物的体外抗真菌作用

目的检测大蒜提取物蒜氨酸，蒜酶及蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物对红色毛癣菌、絮状毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌、白假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌的最小抑真菌浓度，最小杀真菌浓度；观察其体外抗真菌作用。方法采用沙保培养基液体稀释培养法和琼脂平板稀释培养计数菌落法分别测定蒜氨酸，蒜酶及蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物对红色毛癣菌、絮状毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小抱子菌、白假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌的MIC和MFC。结果蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物对红色毛癣菌的MIC为1：256，MFC为1：128；对絮状毛癣菌的MIC为1：256，MFC为1：128；对石膏样小孢子菌的MIC为1：512，MFC为1：256；对犬小孢子菌的MIC为1：512，MFC为1：128；对白假丝酵母菌的MIC为1：128，MFC为1：64；对新生隐球菌的MIC为1：512；MFC为1：256。结论蒜氨酸仅对白假丝酵母菌有抑制作用，对其他试验菌无抑制作用；蒜酶对所有试验菌均无抑制作用；蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物则具有明显的抗真菌作用。     

消炎抗癣霜抗真菌实验研究

目的研究消炎抗癣霜对石膏样小孢子菌、石膏样毛癣菌导致的豚鼠体癣模型的治疗作用.方法采用纸砂法造成豚鼠体癣模型,观察消炎抗癣霜对其局部病变程度、真菌镜检和培养转阴率的影响.结果及结论消炎抗癣霜能够减轻真菌所致豚鼠皮肤病变程度,提高真菌镜检和真菌培养的转阴率,为其临床应用提供了药理学依据.     

白藜芦醇对皮肤癣菌抗菌活性的实验研究

目的 研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)对6种常见皮肤癣菌的体外抗真菌活性,为临床应用和新药研究提供依据.方法 根据临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)的产孢丝状真菌药物敏感试验方案(M38-A),采用微量稀释法测定RES对常见皮肤癣菌的抑菌情况及最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 RES对羊毛状小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、絮状表皮癣菌的MIC90分别是0.128 g/L、0.032 g/L、0.064 g/L、0.256 g/L和0.128 g/L.结论 RES对上述常见5种皮肤癣菌有较强的抑菌效果.     

韶关地区头癣类型及致病菌种分离情况

目的为了解近年来韶关地区头癣类型及致病菌种分布情况。方法分析2008年1月至2009年7月在我院皮肤科门诊诊治的头癣患者资料,并对80例头癣患者标本进行了真菌培养。结果115例头癣患者中白癣60例（52.2%）,黑点癣39例（33.9%）;脓癣16例（13.9%）。80例真菌培养阳性标本中,分离的病原菌为犬小孢子菌44株（55.0%）,紫色毛癣菌18株（22.5%）,断发毛癣菌7株（8.8%）,须癣毛癣菌6株（7.5%）,红色毛癣菌4株（5.0%）,石膏样小孢子菌1株（1.2%）。结论韶关地区头癣中白癣发病率占首位,犬小孢子菌为主要致病菌。     

凤仙花不同部位水提液抑真菌效果的实验研究

目的:比较凤仙花的根、茎、叶、花、种子等不同部位水提液对红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、白色假丝酵母菌和须癣毛癣菌等4种真菌的抑制作用,为凤仙的临床应用提供实验依据。方法:采用药敏试纸实验法。结果:凤仙花之花对红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、白色假丝酵母菌和须癣毛癣菌等4种真菌均有显著的抑制作用,其他部位对须癣毛癣菌抑制作用较弱,根对白色假丝酵母菌、茎对红色毛癣菌有微弱抑制性,但远不及花的抑真菌作用(P0.05)。结论:凤仙花临床上常用于治疗手足癣等真菌类疾病,研究结论为凤仙花的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.