腺瘤性息肉的癌变及治疗

为探讨已癌变的结肠腺瘤性息肉的最佳治疗选择，回顾性总结了内镜诊断和治疗的３１４例腺瘤性息肉中３７例癌变息肉的结果。３７例中为管状腺瘤癌变者２５例（占８．９％），绒毛状腺瘤癌变者１１例（占３６．３％），混合性腺瘤癌变１例。１８例仅行内镜下电切，电切后又追加手术８例，手术切除１１例。分期为原位癌１２例，早期浸润癌１３例，浸润癌１２例。１９例手术及术后病理证实的淋巴结转移者３例（１５．７％），包括１例绒毛状腺瘤恶变的早期浸润癌和２例浸润癌。认为除原位癌外，对电切后病理证实的早期浸润癌或浸润性癌，只要无手术禁忌，应追加外科手术治疗为妥。     

大肠息肉943例病理与内镜治疗分析

目的探讨大肠息肉的病理特征与内镜治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院4年内电子结肠镜检出的大肠息肉的部位、大小、形态、病理特征与癌变关系及内镜治疗结果进行分析。结果4801例大肠息肉的检出率为19．64％，腺瘤性息肉占61．72％，其中管状腺瘤276例，绒毛管状腺瘤123例，绒毛状腺瘤46例。炎性息肉占29．16％，增生性息肉占9．12％。息肉分布以直肠、乙状结肠和升结肠为最多；息肉癌变均为腺瘤性息肉，腺瘤体积越大、呈分叶或菜花状、无蒂或广基、含绒毛成分多者越易发生癌变，高频电凝电切摘除息肉242例，氩气刀治疗息肉564例，息肉消除率为100％，并发症率为0．41％。结论腺瘤癌变与体积大小、形态、绒毛成分含量及不典型增生的递增等因素相关，息肉不论大小均应切除，高频电凝电切和氩气刀治疗息肉安全有效，是大肠息肉治疗的首选方案。     

老年人大肠息肉的临床分析

目的 探讨老年人大肠息肉的临床特点及其与癌变的关系。方法 对我院经结肠镜检出的158例老年大肠息肉患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析，对其中120例进行1－6年（平均4．5年）的结肠镜随访，并与青中年组的437例患者相对照。结果 老年人大肠息肉的检出率、癌变率分别为30．0％及23．4％，均显著高于中青年组的10．2％及6．9％（P＜0．01），随年龄增长检出率有逐渐增加的趋势。分布以直肠和乙状结肠多见，但升结肠的癌变率（37．5％）明显高于左半结肠（14．3％，P＜0．05），且直肠、降结肠、横结肠及升结肠的癌变率也显著高于青中年组的同一部位（P＜0．01）；病理类型以腺瘤性息肉为多，占77．6％，也明显高于青中年组的同一病理类型（P＜0．01）。37例癌变息肉均为腺瘤性息肉，其中绒毛状腺瘤的癌变率（56．9％）显著高于管状腺瘤（3．4％，P＜0．01）。息肉体积大（＞2cm)、基底宽、数量多，癌变率高。腺瘤性息肉经内镜下摘除者其癌变率明显低于未摘除者（P＜0．01）。结论 老年人大肠息肉中的腺瘤性息肉的大小、形态、数量及病理类型是其癌变的主要危险因素，老年人应尽量行全结肠检查，检出大肠息肉者应尽可能首选肠镜下摘除，定期随访，减少癌变的机会。     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤内镜表现和病理学特征分析

目的探讨锯齿状腺瘤（SA）内镜下表现和病理学特征。方法回顾分析滨州医学院附属医院2000年1月～2008年5月检出的大肠息肉病例,了解SA的检出率、内镜形态和病理学特征。结果8726例肠镜检查共检出大肠息肉1062例（1457枚）,检出率为12．17％,其中SA32例（60枚）,检出率为0．37％,占息肉构成比为3．01％。SA直径〉1cm者占21．63％,明显大于增生性息肉（8．57％）;SA表现为有蒂息肉所占的比例（8．33％）略高于增生性息肉（5．71％）,但都低于腺瘤性息肉（40．84％）。SA癌变率介于管状腺瘤和绒毛状腺瘤之间,接近于管状绒毛状腺瘤。结论SA内镜形态、病理学特点提示SA是兼有增生性息肉形态学特征和腺瘤性息肉组织学特点的息肉,具有恶变潜能.     

结肠息肉与结肠癌的关系

目的探讨结肠腺瘤样息肉与结肠癌的关系．方法本文回顾性总结分析我院1985／1998间进行结肠镜2037例，其中检出腺瘤样息肉86例，检出率为4．22％．息肉高频电切除41例，切除率为47．6％．86例腺瘤样息肉中，男64例，女22例，年龄17岁～81岁结果息肉分布：直肠15例，占17．4％，乙状结肠32例，占37．20％，为多发，与结肠癌好发部位相一致．86例腺瘤样息肉13例癌变，癌变率为15．11％．息肉大小、形态及病理与癌变有明显的关系．腺瘤直径越大，癌变率越高，直径2cm以上的癌变率为61．11％，而1cm～2cm仅占6．06％在形态上无蒂息肉癌变率比例高，占18．6％．表面不光滑呈桑椹式分叶状，癌变率明显增高，达35％，是光滑息肉的四倍．病理上绒毛状腺瘤癌变率高，占35．7％，管状腺瘤癌变率仅占11．26％．腺瘤伴非典型增生与癌变成正相关，重度非典型增生癌变占87．5％．另外，息肉电切后送检病理不容忽视，4例腺瘤样息肉电切后病理为癌变；2例炎性增生性息肉电切后为腺瘤样息肉，1例为直肠类癌．结论结肠腺瘤样息肉与结肠癌有密切的关系，结肠腺瘤的大小、形态、病理类型及异型性增生是癌变的潜在因素，绒毛成分越多，异型性增生越重，体积越大，基底越宽，形态分叶其癌变危险性越高，应及早切除．同时注意电     

不同结肠息肉内窥镜资料和癌变率的回顾性对比分析

本回顾分析了本院1986年1月至1996年6月经活检、电切及手术病理证实的426例结肠息肉病人，共583枚息肉。结果显示：最常见的为炎性息肉、其次为管状腺瘤；息肉好发部位为直肠和乙状结肠。息肉好发年龄在50—69岁肿瘤性息内的平均年龄较肿瘤样息肉明显为高，而腺瘤癌变平均年龄更高；各种肿瘤性息内和幼年性息肉的直径均较炎性息肉和血吸虫卵性息肉等为大，而腺瘤癌变直径更大；本组病例中发生癌变均为腺瘤性息肉，占腺瘤病人的3．99％，其中管状腺瘤、乳头状腺瘤，混合性腺瘤癌变率分别为1．72“，30“、25％，女性乳头状腺瘤癌变率则高选44．44％。这提示对于年龄较大，息肉直径较大，腺瘤样息内，尤其是乳头状腺瘤及混合性肿瘤应高度警惕其癌变可能，对女性乳头状腺瘤更要特别注意。     

259例老年大肠息肉及其恶变的内镜及病理

目的探讨老年患者大肠息肉及其恶变的因素。方法对结肠镜检出的２５９例老年人大肠息肉及其中５３例息肉恶变的内镜所见与病理资料分析。结果２５９例老年人大肠息肉中,息肉恶变占２０．５％,小于１ｃｍ以下息肉恶变率达１５．１％;息肉恶变呈全肠道分布,以直、乙状结肠多见;腺瘤恶变占９０．６％,以绒毛状腺瘤多见。结论老年患者大肠息肉恶变率较高,值得重视。     

老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉178例临床特点分析

背景:结直肠腺瘤性息肉与结直肠癌关系密切,是重要的癌前病变。目的:分析老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院经结肠镜和病理检查证实为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的老年患者178例,对患者的性别、年龄、腺瘤部位、腺瘤大小、病理类型、异型增生、癌变等因素进行回顾性分析。结果:不同性别、年龄、大小的腺瘤分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着腺瘤直径的增大,管状腺瘤的检出率下降,绒毛-管状腺瘤的检出率增高(P0.01),腺上皮中重度异型增生的发生率增加,腺瘤的癌变率增加(P0.01),且绒毛-管状腺瘤的腺上皮异型增生程度和癌变率明显高于管状腺瘤(P0.01)。结论:随着腺瘤直径的增加,老年腺瘤性息肉患者绒毛-管状腺瘤的发生率、异型增生程度以及腺瘤癌变率均明显增加,早期发现并治疗腺瘤性息肉可有效减少老年结直肠癌的发生。     

大肠良恶性息肉的临床特征及内镜、病理形态学特点

目的探讨大肠良恶性息肉的分布、大小、形态和病理特征以及息肉恶变过程中的相关因素。方法对电子结肠镜检出的大肠良恶性息肉患者的临床表现及内镜、病理资料进行分析。结果大肠息肉的检出率为１０．６６％,其中腺瘤性息肉占４７．１６％。主要的临床表现为便血。炎性息肉以≤１．０ｃｍ的为最多,腺瘤性息肉则大小不等,幼年性息肉以１．１～１．９ｃｍ的最多,同时伴肠癌者息肉以＜１．０ｃｍ为主。本组息肉０．６～１．０ｃｍ者恶变率３．５１％,１．１～１．９ｃｍ者恶变率为１２．９０％,≥２．０ｃｍ者恶变率２７．７８％,息肉恶变以山田Ⅱ型为主。结论腺瘤体积大,绒毛状结构者易恶变;大肠腺瘤性息肉常与大肠癌并存;大肠镜检查应尽量检查全大肠,不能满足于远端大肠病变的诊断;息肉不论大小应尽可能予以切除。     

不同结肠息肉内窥镜资料和癌变率的回顾性对比分析

本文回顾分析了本院1986年1月至1996年6月经活检、电切及手术病理证实的426例结肠息肉病人,共583枚息肉。结果显示:最常见的为炎性息肉、其次为管状腺瘤;息肉好发部位为直肠和乙状结肠。息肉好发年龄在50—69岁,肿瘤性息肉的平均年龄较肿瘤样息肉明显为高,而腺瘤癌变者平均年龄更高;各种肿瘤性息肉和幼年性息肉的直径均较炎性息肉和血吸虫卵性息肉等为大,而腺瘤癌变者直径更大;本组病例中发生癌变者均为腺瘤性息肉,占腺瘤病人的3.99%,其中管状腺瘤、乳头状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤癌变率分别为1.72%、30%、25%,女性乳头状腺瘤癌变率则高达44.44%。这提示对于年龄较大,息肉直径较大,腺瘤样息肉,尤其是乳头状腺瘤及混合性肿瘤应高度警惕其癌变可能,对女性乳头状腺瘤更要特别注意。     

代谢综合征对结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤的影响因素分析

目的分析结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤与代谢综合征的关系。 方法收集2017年6月至2020年12月南方医科大学附属惠阳医院经手术病理确诊的271例患者。其中管状腺瘤患者203例，管状绒毛状腺瘤患者68例。比较结直肠管状腺瘤与管状绒毛状腺瘤患者纤维结肠内镜检查的基本情况，结直肠息肉一般特征、数目、病理，以及代谢综合征相关指标水平等。采用Logistic多因素回归分析山田分型、最大息肉直径、代谢综合征相关指标与结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤的关系。 结果累计息肉数目最多部位、最大息肉好发部位、病理为管状绒毛状腺瘤/管状腺瘤好发部位均为乙状结肠。结直肠管状腺瘤与管状绒毛状腺瘤患者山田分型、最大息肉直径、血清甘油三酯水平差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01），而高血压、脂肪肝、空腹血糖受损或糖尿病情况及总胆固醇水平、血清尿酸水平、癌胚抗原水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示，山田分型及最大息肉直径与结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤有关联[Wald χ²=5.756，Exp（B）=2.494，P=0.016；Wald χ²=23.173，Exp（B）=12.842，P<0.001]，而血清甘油三酯水平与结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤无关联。 结论与结直肠管状腺瘤患者相比，代谢综合征与结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤发病并无直接关联，但息肉直径大小及山田分型与结直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤发病有关联。     

结肠镜诊疗大肠息肉1537例体会

大肠息肉是常见的肠粘膜病变,其大多数是被视为癌前病变的腺瘤。通过结肠镜检出大肠息肉并加以除,打断腺瘤一腺癌的进程,是防治大肠癌的重要措施。1992年1月至1999年12月8年间,我院7246例结肠镜检查检出大肠息肉1537例(2378枚),检出率21．2％。本对这些患的临床资料进行回顾性分析,希望能力大肠息肉的诊疗及大肠癌的防治工作提供一些有用的资料。     

Accuracy of pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice.

BACKGROUND: The histologic features of colorectal polyps often guide colonoscopic surveillance and the need for surgical intervention. Our objective was to evaluate the pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice. METHODS: Twenty histologic slides of colorectal polyps were reviewed by 20 randomly selected general pathologists in community practice. There were 5 malignant polyps, 9 adenomas, and 6 miscellaneous polyps. RESULTS: Cancer was correctly identified in 91% of readings and adenoma in 94%. The grade of differentiation of cancer was provided in 55% of readings, and comment regarding whether the resection margin was free of cancer was made by 50% of pathologists. Tubular adenoma was called tubulovillous or villous in 35% of readings, but tubulovillous or villous adenoma was seldom (2%) called tubular. High-grade dysplasia was correctly identified in 47% of 60 readings, was called invasive cancer in 22%, and was missed in 31%. Among miscellaneous polyps, hyperplastic polyp was correctly recognized in 75% of cases, and inflammatory polyp and juvenile polyp each were recognized by 16 of 20 pathologists (80%). Peutz-Jeghers hamartoma was identified by 4 of 20 pathologists (20%), and the polypoid phase of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome was recognized by 2 pathologists (10%). CONCLUSION: Areas of strength with regard to interpretation of colon polyps by general pathologists in community practice included identification of cancer, adenoma, and certain non-neoplastic polyps (e.g., inflammatory and juvenile polyps). Areas of weakness included lack of comment on cancer differentiation and proximity to the resection line, erroneous identification of high-grade dysplasia, and identification of rare lesions. The results of this study suggest areas on which to focus continuing education and continuous quality improvement efforts with regard to polyp interpretation.     

Diagnostic value of high-resolution micro-endoscopy for the classification of colon polyps

AIM: To study a new imaging equipment, highresolution micro-endoscopy(HRME), in the diagnosis and pathological classification of colon polyps.METHODS: We selected 114 specimens of colon polyps, 30 of which were colon polyps with known pathological types and 84 that were prospective polyp specimens; 10 normal colon mucosa specimens served as controls. We obtained images of 30 colon polyp specimens with known pathological types using HRME and analyzed the characteristics of these images to develop HRME diagnostic criteria for different pathological types of colon polyps. Based on these criteria, we performed a prospective study of 84 colon polyp specimens using HRME and compared the results with those of the pathological examination to evaluate the diagnostic value of HRME in the pathological classification of different types of colon polyps. RESULTS: In the 30 cases of known pathological type of colon polyp samples, there were 21 cases of adenomatous polyps, which comprised nine cases of tubular adenoma, seven cases of villous adenoma and five cases of mixed adenomas. The nine cases of non-adenomatous polyps included four cases of inflammatory polyps and five cases of hyperplastic polyps five. Ten cases of normal colonic mucosa were confirmed pathologically. In a prospective study of 84 cases using HRME, 23 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 18 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 24 cases as mixed adenomas. After pathological examination, 24 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 19 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 22 cases as mixed adenomas. Compared with the pathological examinations, the sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, and positive and negative predictive values of HRME in diagnosing inflammatory polyps(87.5%, 96.7%, 94.0%, 91.3% and 95.1%), hyperplastic polyps(72.7%, 95.9%, 92.9%, 72.7% and 95.9%), tubular adenomas(73.7%, 93.8%, 89.3%, 77.8% and 92.4%), villous adenomas(75.0%, 97.4%, 95.2%, 75.0% and 97.4%), and mixed adenomas(75.0%, 93.3%, 88.1%, 81.8% and 90.3%) were relatively high.CONCLUSION: HRME has a relatively high diagnostic value in the pathological classification of colon polyps. Thus, it may be an alternative to confocal microendoscopy in lower-resource or community-based settings.     

Duodenal Adenoma Removed by Endoscopic Polypectomy

Abstract: We report two duodenal adenoma cases treated by endoscopic polypectomy. Case 1, a 59-year-old male, visited our hospital for further examination of a duodenal polyp found elsewhere. X-ray examination revealed a semi-pedunculated polyp with an irregular surface in the second portion of the posterior wall of the duodenum. Case 2, a 68-year-old male, was admitted to our hospital for endoscopic polypectomy of a duodenal polyp. Upper GI series demonstrated a semi-pedunculated round polyp with a shallow central depression. Endoscopic polypectomy was performed for both lesions and the polyps were successfully removed. The resected polyps were 11 × 10 mm and 13 × 12 mm in size, respectively. The polyps were histologically diagnosed as tubulovillous and tubular adenomas, respectively, with no evidence of malignancy. Endoscopic polypectomy provides histological confirmation of adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is frequently applicable to the duodenum.     

老年人与中青年人大肠息肉临床特点对比研究

目的 探索老年人大肠息肉的临床特征.方法 收集在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院2006年1月-2019年12月行电子结肠镜检查并且病理证实为大肠息肉的患者1 000例,进行回顾性研究,按年龄分为老年组576例,中青年组424例.统计分析老年大肠息肉患者的临床症状、息肉大小、形态、部位、数目、息肉病理分型及其与息肉癌变的相关...     

Efficacy, risk factors and complications of endoscopic polypectomy： Ten year experience at a single center

AIM： To examine the efficacy and complications of colonoscopic resection of colorectal polypoid lesions. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed 1354 polypectomies performed on 1038 patients over a ten- year period. One hundred and sixty of these were performed for large polyps, those measuring ≥ 20 mm. Size, shape, location, histology, the technique of polypectomy used, complications, drugs assumption and associated intestinal or extra intestinal diseases were analyzed. For statistical analysis, the Pearson χ2 test, NPC test and a Binary Logistic Regression were used. RESULTS： The mean patient age was 65.9 ± 12.4 years, with 671 men and 367 women. The mean size of polyps removed was 9.45 ± 9.56 mm while the size of large polyps was 31.5 ± 10.8 mm. There were 388 pedunculated and 966 sessile polyps and the most common location was the sigmoid colon （41.3%）. The most frequent histology was tubular adenoma （55.9%） while for the large polyps was villous （92/160 -57.5%）. Coexistent malignancy was observed in 28 polyps （2.1%） and of these, 20 were large polyps. There were 17 procedural bleeding （1.3%） and one perforation. The statistical analysis showed that cancer is correlated to polyp size （P 〈 0.0001）; sessile shape （P 〈 0.0001） and bleeding are correlated to cardiac disease （P = 0.034）, tubular adenoma （P = 0.016） and polyp size.CONCLUSION： The endoscopic resection is a simple and safe procedure for removing colon rectal neoplastic lesions and should be considered the treatment of choice for large colorectal polyps. The polyp size is an important risk factor for malignancy and for bleeding.     

Histology of polypoid lesions found in specimens resected for adenocarcinoma of the colon.

In a revision of 298 colectomy specimens resected for adenocarcinoma of the large bowell, 35 cases (13%) were found to have associated polypoid lesions. Twenty-nine of the polypoid lesions were adenomatous polyps, one a villous adenoma and other a retention polyp. Eight of the adenomatous polyps had a variable degree of benign atypical changes and malignant transformation occurred in four adenomatous polyps with the development of an adenocarcinoma. Four other lesions were small polypoid adenocarcinomas arising in normal colonic mucosa. Four double primary carcinomas were found among the 35 colectomy specimens with polyps. In this paper a significative incidence of malignant polypoid lesions associated with adenocarcinomas of the large bowell were found. The importance of well defined histological criteria in the diagnosis of malignancy and atypical changesin adenomatous polyps in stressed out.