“重大创新药物——石杉碱甲”专题征稿启事

<正>为展示近年来石杉碱甲相关研究成果,进一步开发、利用石杉科植物资源,本刊将出版1期"重大创新药物——石杉碱甲"专题。关注与石杉碱甲有关的研究、开发与应用。专题注重内容包括石杉科植物的资源、栽培、采收加工及与石杉碱甲相关的化学、质量分析、药理、毒理、制剂、药动、临床、上市等     

“重大创新药物——石杉碱甲”专题征稿启事

<正>为展示近年来石杉碱甲相关研究成果,进一步开发、利用石杉科植物资源,本刊将出版1期"重大创新药物——石杉碱甲"专题。关注与石杉碱甲有关的研究、开发与应用。专题注重内容包括石杉科植物的资源、栽培、采收加工及与石杉碱甲相关的化学、质量分析、药理、毒理、制剂、药动、临床、上市等     

“重大创新药物——石杉碱甲”专题征稿启事

<正>为展示近年来石杉碱甲相关研究成果,进一步开发、利用石杉科植物资源,本刊将出版1期"重大创新药物——石杉碱甲"专题。关注与石杉碱甲有关的研究、开发与应用。专题注重内容包括石杉科植物的资源、栽培、采收加工及与石杉碱甲相关的化学、质量分析、药理、毒理、制剂、药动、临床、上市等     

本刊“重大创新药物——石杉碱甲”专题征稿启事

<正>为展示近年来石杉碱甲相关研究成果,进一步开发、利用石杉科植物资源,本刊将出版1期"重大创新药物——石杉碱甲"专题。关注与石杉碱甲有关的研究、开发与应用。专题注重内容包括石杉科植物的资源、栽培、采收加工及与石杉碱甲相关的化学、质量分析、药理、毒理、制剂、药动、临床、     

“重大创新药物——石杉碱甲”专题征稿启事

<正>为展示近年来石杉碱甲相关研究成果,进一步开发、利用石杉科植物资源,本刊将出版1期"重大创新药物——石杉碱甲"专题。关注与石杉碱甲有关的研究、开发与应用。专题注重内容包括石杉科植物的资源、栽培、采收加工及与石杉碱甲相关的化学、质量分析、药理、毒理、制剂、药动、临床、上市等     

HPLC测定不同产地与不同部位千层塔中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量

目的:测定不同产地、不同部位千层塔药材中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量。方法:采用UItimate XB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水(10∶55∶240),含0.32%磷酸和0.5%三乙胺,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长309 nm,柱温25℃。结果:测得各地千层塔中石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙最高含量分别为0.0900%和0.0183%,各地石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙最低含量分别为0.0014%和0。结论:所测定的方法简便、可靠、快速,重复性好,结果稳定,适用于千层塔药材中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的同时快速含量测定,该研究可为千层塔最佳产地及最佳药用部位的确定提供参考。     

Anticholinesterase effects of huperzine A,E2020,and tacrine in rats

目的：比较石杉碱甲、Ｅ２０２０和他克林对大鼠胆碱酯酶的抑制作用．方法：比色法测定大鼠各脑区的ＡＣｈＥ及血清中ＢｕＣｈＥ活力．结果：三药灌胃后对大鼠脑中ＡＣｈＥ均产生剂量依赖性抑制．以石杉碱甲作用最强．他克林对ＢｕＣｈＥ的抑制显著强于Ｅ２０２０和石杉碱甲，其副反应最为明显．单次经口给药后，石杉碱甲对脑内ＡＣｈＥ的抑制作用长于Ｅ２０２０和他克林．多次给药后，对胆碱酯酶的抑制作用三药均未有耐受性产生．结论：石杉碱甲是一种高选择性ＡＣｈＥ抑制剂，具有口服活性高，作用时程长，副反应小的优点，适于临床应用．     

石杉碱甲缓释贴片和片剂人体药动学比较

目的比较2种石杉碱甲制剂在正常人体内的药动学情况。方法 20名健康受试者分为2组(每组10名),分别单剂量贴用石杉碱甲缓释贴片10 mg和口服石杉碱甲片0.2 mg后,用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测血浆中石杉碱甲浓度,并经DAS药动学程序进行数据处理,计算药动学参数。结果石杉碱甲缓释贴片与片剂的tmax分别为(40.2±13.2)、(0.6±0.3)h;t1/2分别为(28.4±7.4)、(13.6±1.3)h;ρmax分别为(0.7±0.4)、(1.9±0.5)μg.L-1;MRT0-t分别为(74.1±8.5)、(18.7±1.6)h;AUC0-t分别为(70.4±53.1)(0～168 h)、(19.9±2.7)(0～48 h)μg.h.L-1。结论石杉碱甲缓释贴片的药动学参数较普通片剂ρmax降低,tmax显著延长,t1/2延长,从而达到缓释效果。     

石杉碱甲凝胶骨架缓释片药物释放因素的研究

目的考察影响石杉碱甲(hupcrzine—A，Hup—A)亲水凝胶骨架片体外释药的各种因素。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和乙基纤维素(EC)为骨架材料，湿法制粒压片制备缓释骨架片，并考察HPMC和EC的用量、粘度、HPMC粒度、压片压力及其他辅料对石杉碱甲亲水凝胶骨架片体外释药的影响。结果石杉碱甲亲水凝胶骨架片体外释药符合Higuchi方程。HPMC粒度、粘度、压片压力及辅料种类对石杉碱甲的释放速率没有显性影响。HPMC用量及EC的粘度、用量对石杉碱甲的释放速率有显性影响。结论HPMC及EC用量、EC粘度为影响石杉碱甲亲水凝胶骨架片释放速率的主要因素。     

石杉碱甲磷脂原位凝胶的制备及其在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 制备石杉碱甲磷脂原位凝胶(PSE-H)并研究其在大鼠体内的药动学.方法 采用直接载药法制备PSE-H,建立石杉碱甲(Hup A)血浆样品的分析方法,研究不同剂量制剂及制剂中Hup A油酸复合物的形成对PSE-H药动学特征的影响.结果 PSE-H在体内持续释放Hup A达15 d.将Hup A制备成油酸复合物可降低制剂中药物的突释作用;随着制剂重量的增加,缓释作用增强,突释作用降低.结论 通过直接载药法制备PSE-H,方法简便可行,Hup A在体内持续释放达15 d,有望成为可生产的缓控释新剂型.     

HPLC-MS-MS法测定人血浆中石杉碱甲的浓度及人体相对生物利用度研究

目的建立人血浆中石杉碱甲浓度的HPLGM9MS测定法,研究2种石杉碱甲片在正常人体的相对生物利用度。方法以盐酸伪麻黄碱为内标,血浆样品经乙酸乙酯萃取,汉邦C18柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）分离后,采用HPLC-MS-MS联用法检测,18名健康男性志愿者采用双周期随机交叉试验设计,分别单剂量口服石杉碱甲片（T或R）0．2mg后测定两者的相对生物利用度。结果石杉碱甲与内标分离度好,内源性杂质不干扰测定,在0．0508～5．080μg·L^-1（r=0．9998）石杉碱甲浓度与峰面积比的线性关系良好,定量限为0．0508μg·L^-1,回收率为101．8％～109．8％（n=5）,日内RSD为1．8％～3．9％（n=5）;日间RSD为2．3％～8．7％（n=15）。单次服用0．2mg石杉碱甲片后T与R的AUC0～24分别为（16．35±3．42）μg·h·L^-1和（16．38±3．61）μg·h·L^-1;AUC0-∞分别为（17．53±3．80）μg·h·L^-1和（17．70±3．97）μg·h·L^-1;Gmax分别为（2．47±0．49）μg·L^-1和（2．514-_0．51）μg·L^-1;tmax分别为（1．3±0．4）h和（1．2±0．3）h;t1／2分别为（5．9±0．8）h和（6．2±0．7）h。与R相比,T的相对生物利用度为100．5％±10．1％。结论该方法准确度高,灵敏度好,可用于石杉碱甲人体内过程研究。方差分析结果表明2种制剂的主要药动学参数之间无明显差异,双单侧t检验结果表明2种制剂为生物等效制剂。     

Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A following oral administration to human volunteers.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in healthy human volunteers. Twelve subjects (M 6, F 6; age ranged from 20-25 years) participated in the study. Huperzine A was administered in tablet form at a single dose of 0.4 mg. Following oral administration, the presence of huperzine A started to appear in the plasma at 5-10 min, and reached the peak concentrations with a Cmax of 2.59 +/- 0.37 ng/ml at 58.33 +/- 3.89 min (time to reach peak level, Tmax. The area under plasma vs time curve (AUC(0-t)) and the area under plasma from zero to infinity (AUC(0-infinity) for huperzine A were found to be 1986.96 +/- 164.57 microg/l.min and 2450.34 +/- 233.32 microg/l.min, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the pharmacokinetics of huperzine A conformed to a two-compartmental open model. The mean values of alpha and the beta half-life were 21.13 +/- 7.28 min and 716.25 +/- 130.18 min respectively, and showed a biphasic profile with rapid distribution followed by a slower elimination rate.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定老年人血浆中石杉碱甲的浓度

目的建立测定老年人血浆中石杉碱甲的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。方法在血浆中加入内标石杉碱乙,用乙腈直接沉淀蛋白法处理样品。采用SeQuant ZIC-HILIC(100mm×2.1mm I.D,3.5μm)色谱柱进行分离,柱温35℃;流动相为含5 mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(35:65,V/V),流速0.3 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,梯度洗脱,进样体积5μL;正离子多反应检测(MRM),离子通道分别为m/z 243.2→210.2(石杉碱甲),m/z 257.2→198.6(石杉碱乙)。结果石杉碱甲线性范围0.05～10μg·L~(-1)(r>0.999),定量下限0.05μg·L~(-1),提取回收率在81.0%～95.4%,批内、批间精密度RSD均小于8%,内标校正基质因子在2.11～2.28。主要药动学参数t_(max)为(2.2±0.7)h,ρ_(max)为(0.9±0.2)μg·L~(-1),t_(1/2)为(14.1±2.0)h,AUC_(0-∞)为(15.3±4.5)μg·h·L~(-1)。结论本方法操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于石杉碱甲在老年人中的药动学研究。     

Pharmacokinetics and in vitro and in vivo correlation of huperzine A loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres in dogs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of huperzine A loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres in dogs. Several huperzine A loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared by an O/W method and three of them (single dose) were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to five beagle dogs, respectively. With the increase of the molecular weight of PLGA and the particle size of microspheres, the in vitro and in vivo release periods of huperzine A were prolonged. After s.c. injection, the release of huperzine A from microspheres was faster than that after i.m. injection. The IVIVC models of huperzine A loaded PLGA microspheres were established successfully and after i.m. administration the linear relationship between the in vitro and the in vivo releases was better than that after s.c. administration. It was also found when the particle size of the microspheres was smaller; the values of correlation coefficient were higher.     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中石杉碱甲浓度的不确定度分析

目的:探讨高效液相色谱串联质谱电喷雾(LC-MS/MS)法测定人血浆中石杉碱甲浓度的不确定度评定方法。方法:用LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中石杉碱甲浓度,通过对测试方法流程进行分析,确定不确定度来源,计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果:血浆中石杉碱甲浓度测定的扩展不确定度为9.16%。结论:本评定方法适用于LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中药物浓度的不确定度评定测量,不确定度的评定方法确立对于血药浓度的测定具有重要意义。     

石杉碱甲缓释微球的体外释放度及其体内外相关性研究

目的建立体内外相关性良好的石杉碱甲缓释微球的体外释放度测定方法。方法采用直接释药法和透析释药法测定石杉碱甲缓释微球的体外释放度，考察加入吐温的量和透析袋内递质的体积对释药速度的影响;采用高效液相色谱法测定石杉碱甲缓释微球在大鼠注射部位的残留量，计算微球在体内的释药速度。通过相关性评价确定最佳的体外释放度测定方法。结果透析释药法可获得良好的体内外相关性(r＝0.990 2)。结论透析释药法可用于测定石杉碱甲缓释微球的体外释放度。     

Phase I study on the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ZT-1, a prodrug of huperzine A,for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Aim:

Huperzine A isolated from the Chinese herb Huperzia serrata (Thunb) Trev is a novel reversible and selective AChE inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of single and multiple doses of ZT-1, a novel analogue of huperzine A, in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods:

This was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-dose study. For the single-dose study, 9 subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving ZT-1 (0.5, 0.75 or 1 mg, po) according to a Three-way Latin Square Design. For the multiple-dose study, 9 subjects receiving ZT-1 (0.75 mg/d, po) for 8 consecutive days. In the tolerance study, 40 subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups receiving a single dose of ZT-1 (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 or 1.5 mg, po). Plasma and urine concentrations of ZT-1 and Hup A were determined using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including C_max, AUC_{0–72 h} and AUC_0–∞ were calculated. Tolerance assessments were conducted throughout the study.

Results:

ZT-1 was rapidly absorbed and converted into huperzine A, thus the plasma and urine concentrations of ZT-1 were below the limit of quantification (<0.05 ng/mL). After single-dose administration of ZT-1, the mean t_max of huperzine A was 0.76–0.82 h; the AUC_{0–72 h} and C_max of huperzine A showed approximately dose-proportional increase over the dose range of 0.5–1 mg. After the multiple-dose administration of ZT-1, a steady-state level of huperzine A was achieved within 2 d. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusion:

ZT-1 is a pro-drug that is rapidly absorbed and converted into huperzine A, and ZT-1 is well tolerated in healthy Chinese volunteers.     

Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in dogs following single intravenous and oral administrations

The pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in dogs after single intravenous and oral administrations was investigated. Concentrations of huperzine A were determined by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. After single intravenous administration, the Cmax, T1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity, CL, Vd and Vss were 5.55 +/- 1.61 microg/L, 5.02 +/- 0.31 h, 16.04 +/- 5.24, 16.49 +/- 5.29 microgh/L, 0.66 +/- 0.19 L/h/kg, 4.76 +/- 1.46, and 3.93 +/- 1.54 L/kg, respectively. After single oral administration, the Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and oral bioavailability were 2.60 +/- 0.60 microg/L, 1.25 +/- 0.50 h, 5.71 +/- 2.25 h, 12.90 +/- 3.19, 13.78 +/- 3.24 microgh/L, and 94.4 +/- 36.5%, respectively. In conclusion, huperzine A had a rapid and nearly complete oral absorption and was extensively distributed into tissues after drug administration in dogs.     

石杉碱甲治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的:评价石杉碱甲治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)的有效性和安全性。方法:计算机检索Medline、Embase、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库及CBMdisc、CNKI,纳入比较石杉碱甲与安慰剂的随机对照试验,对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价,并应用RevMan4.2软件进行统计分析。结果:共纳入5个随机对照试验(RCT)。Meta分析结果表明,对轻、中度AD患者,石杉碱甲显著提高了简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)的评分,降低了日常生活活动量表(ADL)的评分,且合并治疗效应随着治疗时间延长逐步增大,发表偏倚较小;其显著提高了韦氏记忆商(MQ)评分,但由于纳入试验数较少,可能存在一定发表偏倚;长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)评分改变的比较,经敏感性分析,试验质量的影响能逆转结果;有效率比较显示石杉碱甲组较安慰剂组更为有效;安全性比较显示石杉碱甲组较安慰剂组更易产生副作用,但由于纳入文献数较少,发表偏倚较大。结论:基于纳入文献的Meta分析结果,认为石杉碱甲能有效改善和提高轻、中度AD患者的记忆和认知功能,与安慰剂组比较具有显著性差异,发表偏倚影响较小。在药物安全性方面,石杉碱甲组较安慰剂组更易产生一些副作用,但多为轻度不良反应,对治疗影响不大。上述结论对临床用药有一定的参考性。