脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水107例分析

目的 探讨脑室-腹腔分流术治疗各种脑积水的效果。方 法对107例各种原因脑积水患者行脑室-腹腔分流术的病例结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果 术后总有效率95％以上,出现各种并发症者21例,其中以分流管堵塞最多9例,其次为感染4例,出血4例。结论 脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水效果较好,重视预防并发症是手术成功的关键。     

两种不同术式治疗交通性脑积水临床分析

目的探讨两种手术方式治疗交通性脑积水之疗效和并发症。方法分别采用脑室-腹腔分流术或腰大池-腹腔分流术治疗43例交通性脑积水患者,比较其疗效和并发症发生率。结果两种术式疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),但脑室-腹腔分流术组癫[36.36%(8/22)对0,P=0.008]、感染[36.36%(8/22)对4.76%(1/21),P=0.030]、颅内出血[27.27%(6/22)对0,P=0.032]等并发症发生率高于腰大池-腹腔分流术组。结论腰大池-腹腔分流术治疗交通性脑积水之疗效优于脑室-腹腔分流术,大多数患者可以腰大池-腹腔分流术替代脑室-腹腔分流术。     

脑室-腹腔分流术的并发症及防治

目的探讨脑积水行脑室-腹腔分流术的并发症及防治方法。方法对46例脑积水行脑室-腹腔分流术患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 46例患者中10例发生并发症,发生率为21.7%,其中颅内出血7例,分流系统阻塞2例(其中1例为脑室内出血后合并阻塞),感染1例,癫痫1例。结论脑室-腹腔分流术是治疗脑积水的有效方法,但其并发症发生率仍较高,须十分重视其并发症的防治。     

脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水107例分析

目的探讨脑室-腹腔分流术治疗各种脑积水的效果。方法对107例各种原因脑积水患者行脑室-腹腔分流术的病例结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果术后总有效率95％以上，出现各种并发症者21例，其中以分流管堵塞最多9例，其次为感染4例，出血4例。结论脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水效果较好，重视预防并发症是手术成功的关键。     

脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的体会

目的探讨脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的实用性和有效性。方法对15例脑积水患者行脑室-腹腔分流术。结果10例恢复正常,5例改善。结论脑室-腹腔分流术是治疗脑积水最广泛的术式,尤其对于交通性脑积水患者疗效较好。对于基层医院来说,脑室-腹腔分流术不但减轻了患者的经济负担,而且更重要的是对脑积水治疗有肯定的效果。     

脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性慢性脑积水64例分析

目的总结脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性慢性脑积水的手术方法、治疗效果和并发症。方法回顾性分析经脑室-腹腔分流术治疗的64例外伤性慢性脑积水患者的临床资料。结果全组患者术后CT或MRI复查示全脑系统或脑室缩小50例,多数神志、语言、智力与肢体运动均有改善,死亡4例。结论采用脑室-腹腔分流术,能明显改善脑积水患者的生活质量。     

脑室腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水26例体会

目的探讨脑室腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水的适应证及并发症的防治。方法对26例外伤性脑积水脑室腹腔分流术后的病人进行临床总结，并结合文献复习。结果脑室腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水26例，无直接手术死亡者，81％的病人获得较好的疗效。分流装置的阻塞及术后感染是最常见的并发症。结论脑室腹腔分流术是治疗外伤性脑积水的首选方法。     

脑室-腹腔分流术后分流管断裂15例分析

脑室-腹腔分流术是治疗儿童脑积水的主要方法,分流术后分流管断裂是分流手术的主要并发症之一.1990年11月至2006年5月南京儿童医院共进行了327例儿童脑积水脑室-腹腔分流术,其中15例分流管断裂,现报告如下.     

脑室-腹腔分流治疗脑积水60例临床分析

目的 探讨脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析60例脑积水患者脑室-腹腔分流术的临床资料.结果 60例中,56例术后症状明显改善,2例好转,1例无改善,1例死亡.术后发生分流管堵塞4例,颅内感染1例,低颅内压综合征1例,硬膜下血肿1例,颅缝早闭1例.结论 脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水常见的并发症为分流系...     

腹腔镜下脑室-腹腔分流术治疗小儿脑积水66例疗效分析

小儿先天性脑积水发病率在0.9%~1.5%之间,脑室-腹腔分流术是目前临床疗效最理想的治疗方法[1]。我院于2006年8月至2013年2月对66例小儿脑积水患儿采用经腹腔镜下脑室-腹腔分流术治疗,临床疗效良好,并发症少,现总结如下。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.