胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节脱位的临床观察

目的:观察应用胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节脱位患者的临床治疗效果。方法:2010年6月至2012年6月对7例胸锁关节脱位患者行胸锁钩钢板复位固定术治疗,其中男5例,女2例;年龄38～54岁,平均42.3岁;病程1～4周。术前患者均有外伤史,患侧胸锁关节肿胀、疼痛明显,患侧肩关节活动明显受限。术前X线片及CT证实为胸锁关节脱位,根据Rockwood评分法对术后疗效进行评价。结果:本组7例胸锁关节脱位患者按Rockwood评分法进行评价,优6例,良1例。术后未出现内固定松动、断裂,未出现再次脱位,肩关节功能良好,胸锁关节无疼痛,外观无畸形,患肢活动自如无疼痛。结论:胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节脱位,手术操作简单,固定可靠,疗效肯定,值得临床推广。     

Suture anchors for treatment of sternoclavicular joint instability

Instability of the sternoclavicular joint is a difficult problem to treat and can present with gross limitation in activities. Eight sternoclavicular joint stabilization procedures were performed over an 8-year period. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 48 years (mean, 23.5 years). The indication for stabilization was pain associated with instability of the sternoclavicular joint. The joint was stabilized by use of suture anchors on the manubrium and capsular plication. The functional outcome was evaluated by use of the Constant score and patient-based Oxford Shoulder Questionnaire. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (range, 1-7.6 years), none of the patients had instability at the sternoclavicular joint, and all except one had returned to their previous employment. The Oxford score was 16 (range, 12-38). The mean Constant score was 74.88 (range, 33-87). We had only 1 poor result (Constant score of 33). Stabilization of the sternoclavicular joint can safely be performed by use of suture anchors. The technique is recommended for symptomatic sternoclavicular joint instability.     

Operative treatment of the painful sternoclavicular joint: a new technique using interpositional arthroplasty

This study presents the results of a new surgical technique, resection of the medial end of the clavicle and interposition of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, that was used for the treatment of 17 painful sternoclavicular (SC) joints, 14 of which were available for review. The etiology of the pain was primary or posttraumatic degenerative arthritis in 10, osteitis condensans in 2, and SC joint infection in 2. The results of surgery, evaluated with the Rockwood SC joint rating scale and examination of the patients, were determined at a mean follow-up of 46 months. Results were excellent in 4 shoulders, good in 6, fair in 3, and poor in 1. All of the fair and poor results occurred in workers' compensation patients. Interposition arthroplasty performed in conjunction with resection of the medial clavicle proved to be a safe and effective method of treatment for the painful, degenerative or septic SC joint.     

化脓性胸锁关节炎的手术治疗

目的 探讨化脓性胸锁关节炎的手术治疗效果。方法 我院自2010年2月至2015年4月共收治化脓性胸锁关节炎病人12例,年龄为31~83岁,平均55.2岁;均为男性。其中5例病人CT或MRI扫描显示脓肿包绕胸锁关节但没有骨侵袭,采用单纯清创、引流术;其余7例病人CT或MRI检查显示骨破坏或有骨髓炎的影像学征像,采用扩大清创引流+胸锁关节部分切除术。手术前后采用Constant评分对肩关节功能进行评估,术前肩关节Constant评分为69~94分,平均76.5分。结果 病人手术时间为67~320 min,平均124.5 min;出血量为200~1 200 ml,平均450.0 ml;输血量为0~600 ml,平均158.3 ml。所有病人获得24~36个月的随访,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无再感染征象,无肩关节活动障碍。末次随访时,肩关节Constant评分为67~93分（平均78.0分）,与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（Z=0.0001,P＞0.05）。结论 化脓性胸锁关节炎是少见、特殊的胸部骨关节感染,及早诊断、治疗非常重要,多数病人经正规抗感染和手术治疗后,远期肩关节功能预后良好。     

新型胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节周围不稳定性骨折脱位的疗效观察

目的:探讨新型胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节周围不稳定性骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法 :自2011年6月至2013年12月,应用胸锁钩钢板对32例成年胸锁关节骨折脱位患者进行手术治疗。其中男24例,女8例;年龄25~76岁,平均42岁;胸锁关节前脱位12例,胸锁关节后脱位5例,锁骨内侧端骨折10例,骨折合并脱位5例。胸锁关节前骨折脱位采用标准胸锁钩钢板,后脱位则在钢板钩的远端,即胸骨柄前方加用螺母和垫片,预防术后再脱位。根据Rockwood评分法评定疗效。结果 :患者手术过程中无并发症发生。术后复查X线片及CT显示胸锁关节解剖位置正常,内固定位置良好。32例均获得随访,时间6~24个月,平均10个月。术后3~6个月骨折达Ⅰ期愈合,胸锁关节无再脱位,锁骨内侧端解剖结构均恢复,功能满意,其中9例患者胸锁关节周围存在肿胀,但无疼痛等症状。Rockwood评分结果12.78±1.43;疗效优24例,良8例。结论:使用该新型胸锁钩钢板治疗胸锁关节周围不稳定性骨折,内植物固定确实可靠,安全性高,操作简便,为治疗此类创伤提供了一种可靠的方法。     

胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位

目的： 探讨新型胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法： 回顾性分析2011年6月至2019年1月采用新型胸锁钩钢板进行内固定治疗的13例锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女4例;年龄26~78（54.08±13.91）岁。记录患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后并发症等情况。术后根据X线和CT评估骨折复位以及愈合情况。术后12个月采用Constant-Murley评分和Rockwood胸锁关节评分评定患肢功能恢复情况。结果： 13例患者均获得随访,时间12~24（16.77±4.63）个月。切口均Ⅰ期愈合,愈合时间9~13（11.00±1.75） d,骨性愈合时间3~4（3.65±0.46）个月。手术时间50~76（54.08±13.91） min,术中出血量20~56（46.08±11.15） ml,住院时间6~14（8.31±2.32） d。术后未出现感染、内固定失败、神经损伤等并发症。术后12个月Constant-Murley评分为（87.83±11.26）分;Rockwood评分（13.70±1.85）分,其中优11例,良1例,可1例。结论： 采用新型胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位,可以早期进行关节功能锻炼,患者功能恢复优良,是治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位的有效方法。     

锁骨钩钢板在胸锁关节脱位治疗中的应用

目的:探讨应用锁骨钩钢板治疗胸锁关节脱位的方法及疗效。方法:2010年1月至2014年3月,采用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗胸锁关节脱位患者6例,其中男5例,女1例;年龄26～48岁,平均34岁;病程3～20 d.患者均为外伤后患侧胸锁关节肿胀、疼痛,患侧肩关节活动明显受限,经X线片及CT诊断为胸锁关节前脱位,根据Rockwood评分法对术后疗效进行评价。结果:所有患者术后切口愈合良好,外观美观;X线片显示胸锁关节脱位复位良好,钢板位置良好。6例患者均获随访,时间4～18个月,平均12个月。根据Rockwood评分法进行疗效评定:优4 例,良 1 例,可 1 例,未见内固定失效及再脱位,无血管、神经及胸膜等副损伤。结论:锁骨钩钢板能在复位固定胸锁关节的同时保留胸锁关节微动功能,且不损伤胸锁关节软骨面。手术安全性高,固定效果好,患者术后可进行早期康复锻炼。     

胸锁钩钢板内固定治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位的疗效观察

目的 探讨胸锁钩钢板内固定治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位的作用及临床疗效.方法 2002年5月至2009年10月,采用自行设计制造的胸锁钩钢板内固定治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位患者66例,男47例,女19例;年龄21～68岁,平均32.6岁;左侧25例,右侧41例.受伤原因:交通伤40例,压砸伤21例,摔伤5例.根据Allman分型:Ⅲ型31例,Ⅱ型35例;其中胸锁关节前脱位合并锁骨胸骨端骨折41例.受伤至手术时间3～62 d,平均7.5 d.Rockwood等胸锁关节评分标准对患者术后功能进行评价.结果 手术时间20～48 min,平均33 min;术中出血20～90ml,平均60 ml;术后无一例发生神经、血管损伤;切口均一期愈合.术后X线片及CT扫描示胸锁关节复位满意.66例患者均得到随访,随访时间12～37个月,平均17个月.末次随访时无一例患者发生胸锁关节再脱位和内固定失效.胸锁钩钢板均于术后12个月取出.Rockwood等胸锁关节评分为8～15分,平均为13.2分,其中优50例、良15例、可1例,优良率为98.5%.结论 胸锁钩钢板治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位手术安全,固定可靠,术后能允许肩胛带早期进行功能锻炼.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of sternoclavicular hook plate in treatment of the anterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation. Methods A new device named sternoclavicular hook plate was devised by our team. Between May 2002 and Octorber 2009, 66 patients with sternoclavicular joint anterior dislocation were treated with the new device, among whom there were 47 males and 19 females,aged 21-68 years old (average, 32.6 years old). Twenty-one cases were caused by crush injury, 5 cases by falling and 40 cases by traffic accident. Anterior fracture-dislocation was found in 41 cases. According to the Allman system, there were 35 cases of type Ⅱ and 31 cases of type Ⅲ. Patients were evaluated with serial clinical and radiographic examinations. Rockwood score were used after the operation to assess the curative effect. Results The average operative time was 33 min (range, 20-48 min). The mean blood loss was 60 ml (range, 20-90 ml). There were no vascular or peripheral nerve injuries in the patients. All incisions healed smoothly. The X-ray and CT showed that the reduction of sternoclavicular joint and the location of internal fixation were satisfactory. All the 66 patients were followed up for 12-37 months (average, 17 months). There was no internal fixation failure, redislocation or other complications. The sternoclavicular hook plate was removed 12 months after operation. The mean Rockwood's score was 13.2 (8 to 15). There were excellent in 50cases, good in 15 cases, and fair in 1 case. Conclusion The sternoclavicular hook plate is a new, safe and liable technique for sternoclavicular fracture-dislocation. This new technique is helpful for early functional exercises.     

胸锁关节钩接骨板治疗急性不稳定性锁骨近端骨折

目的:探讨胸锁关节钩接骨板治疗急性锁骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月收治的12例急性不稳定性锁骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,男8例,女4例;年龄46~63岁;车祸伤10例,高处坠落伤2例;均为多发伤患者;受伤至手术时间2~14 d。均选用国产胸锁关节钩接骨板手术治疗,手术用时40~115 min,术中出血量30~110 ml,随访时间10~36个月,骨折愈合时间8~18周。末次随访时采用肩关节功能评分(Rockwood评分)进行疗效评价。结果:12例均获随访,末次随访无明显疼痛,患肩Rockwood评分13~14分,健肩14~15分。结论:胸锁关节钩接骨板预弯型钢板固定贴服,悬梁设计保留胸锁关节活动度,手术安全简单,避免操作过程中损伤重要器官,预后良好,是治疗锁骨近端骨折的一种较为理想的固定方法。     

Triple-Endobutton钢板置入治疗Rochwood Ⅲ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位

目的：探讨Triple-Endobutton 钢板置入治疗Rochwood分型Ⅲ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法：2008年3月至2010年6月,对28例Rochwood Ⅲ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的患者进行Triple-Endobutton 钢板置入治疗,男18例,女10例;年龄20～60岁,平均38岁;左侧20例,右侧8例;均为闭合性损伤。肩关节功能按Constant标准进行疗效分析。结果：28例获随访,时间18～24个月,平均20个月。所有患者肩关节活动良好,未出现再脱位及疼痛等症状。X线检查肩锁关节均完全复位。肩关节功能按Constant标准,术前评分25.4±2.0,术后1个月65.9±3.0,术后3个月87.2±3.2,术后6个月95.7±1.6.结论：利用Triple-Endobutton 钢板置入治疗Rochwood Ⅲ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位固定牢靠,操作简单,并发症少,无须二次取出,术后可早期进行功能锻炼,疗效满意。     

Fastin骨锚固定治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位的初步疗效分析

目的 探讨应用Fastin骨锚固定治疗创伤性胸锁关节前脱位的技术,并分析其初步疗效.方法 对2006年3月至2008年4月应用Fastin骨锚固定的14例创伤性胸锁关节前脱位患者的临床资料及手术结果进行回顾性分析,男9例,女5例;年龄21～46岁(平均35岁),术前通过X线片和CT确诊.手术先将胸锁关节复位后用克氏针临时固定,然后于胸骨柄拧入骨锚,骨锚尾部缝线穿过锁骨内侧端并牢固打结.术后3周取出克氏针,进行肩关节功能锻炼.结果 14例患者术后均获12～22个月(平均17个月)随访.随访期间无关节的复位丢失和内固定松动,肩关节功能按Rockwood标准评定:优11例,良3例.结论 Fastin骨锚能够可靠固定胸锁关节脱位,避免了长期滞留克氏针造成的潜在危险,有利于关节功能的恢复.     

急性RockwoodⅠ、Ⅱ型肩锁关节脱位非手术治疗疗效分析

目的评估急性RockwoodⅠ、Ⅱ型肩锁关节脱位非手术治疗的疗效。方法对自2009年1月~2010年10月收治的急性RockwoodⅠ、Ⅱ型肩锁关节脱位38例采用非手术治疗。结果 30例平均随访19个月(8～28个月)。最后一次随访平均VAS由(4.4±1.5)分降低到(0.8±0.1)分,Constant评分由(64.9±27.9)分上升到(91.6±14.8)分,按Constant评分优良率为89%。最后随访时9例(30%)有肩锁关节疼痛,3例(10%)有活动受限;影像学上8例(27%)显示肩锁关节半脱位;10例(33%)有肩锁关节退化性改变。结论Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肩锁关节不完全脱位采用非手术治疗可获得满意的临床结果。但同时也有较高的并发症发生率,有必要对影响治疗效果的相关因素进行探索,以取得更好的临床疗效。     

Resection arthroplasty of the infected shoulder: a salvage procedure for the elderly patient

Infection of the shoulder joint is a challenging problem for the orthopaedic surgeon. Several treatment options have been proposed. Here, we evaluate the results achieved following resection arthroplasty of the shoulder in seven patients. We performed resection arthroplasty in seven cases to treat a chronic uncontrollable infection of the shoulder. Three patients had an infected shoulder arthroplasty, one had an infected non-united arthrodesis, one was treated for an infected osteosynthesis, one had an infected rotator cuff repair and one patient had a septic arthritis of the shoulder joint. All patients were reviewed after a mean of 252 days. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Constant and DASH score. C-Reactive Protein levels were determined to evaluate the presence of residual infection. Except for one doubtful result, all our patients remained free of infection and there was excellent pain relief after the resection. Nevertheless, the functional outcome was poor: the mean Constant score was 25.7 and the mean DASH score was 69.3. Resection arthroplasty of the shoulder is a valuable treatment option for infection of the shoulder, especially in older patients with a poor mental and physical condition who suffer intolerable pain.     

Safe surgical technique: reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint for posttraumatic arthritis after posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

Posttraumatic sternoclavicular arthritis related to chronic ligamentous instability after posterior sternoclavicular dislocation represents a rare but challenging problem. The current article in the Journal’s “Safe Surgical Technique” series describes a successful salvage procedure by partial resection of the medial clavicle and ligamentous reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint with a figure-of-eight semitendinosus allograft interposition arthroplasty.     

Surgical management of sternoclavicular joint infections

OBJECTIVE: Sternoclavicular joint infections are rare, and their management is controversial. We reviewed our experience with the surgical management of this condition. METHODS: From August 1988 to August 2001, 26 patients (16 men and 10 women) were treated surgically for infected sternoclavicular joints. The median age was 56 years (range, 20-77 years). Patients who had a recent previous median sternotomy were excluded. RESULTS: All patients were symptomatic. Pain was present in 21 patients, swelling in 14 patients, fever in 11 patients, and erythema in 9 patients. Associated conditions included recent or ongoing infections in other areas in 12 patients (pneumonia in 4 patients, multiple joint infections in 2 patients, and other in 6 patients) and an indwelling central venous catheter in 1 patient. Five patients had a history of trauma in the region of the joint. Four patients had prior joint incision and drainage. Unilateral sternoclavicular joint resection was done in 18 patients, bilateral resection in 2 patients, and incision and drainage with debridement in 6 patients. Wound culture results were positive in 24 patients, and the most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 17). Eleven patients had transposition of the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle to obliterate residual space and to reconstruct the chest wall. Two (7.7%) patients had complications, and 1 died (operative mortality, 3.8%). Follow-up was complete in all 25 operative survivors and ranged from 2 months to 10 years (median, 25 months). Twenty-one patients are alive without symptoms, infection, or limitations in range of motion. Four patients have died as a result of causes unrelated to their joint infections. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic sternoclavicular joint infections often require surgical intervention. Surgical resection combined with muscle transposition provides effective long-term outcome.     

切降性胸锁关节成形术治疗胸锁关节脱位

目的：探讨切除性胸锁关节成形术治疗胸锁关节脱位的临床应用可行性。方法：采用切除性胸锁关节成形术和修复或重建肋锁韧带治疗5例胸锁关节脱位的病例,并对结果进行平均1．8年随访、评价。结果：全部病例均随访平均1．8年,所有病人均获优秀效果,无感染、疼痛、畸形。结论：我们认为切除性胸锁关节成形术,保留或重建肋锁韧带是治疗胸锁关节脱位疗效可靠的方法。     

Atraumatic disorders of the sternoclavicular joint

The sternoclavicular joint is the diarthrodial articulation between the axial and appendicular skeletons. It is subject to the same disease processes that occur in joints, including degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection, and subluxation. Most of these conditions present with swelling of the joint, which may be associated with pain and/or tenderness. Plain radiographs can demonstrate changes on both sides of the joint. Because of variations in anatomy, computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance images are often necessary to clarify the pathology. With the exception of acute infection, most conditions can be managed nonsurgically, with joint resection reserved for patients with persistent symptoms.     

Balser plate stabilization: an alternate therapy for traumatic sternoclavicular instability

Traumatic instability of the sternoclavicular joint is a rare condition. It can be treated by surgical cerclage fixation, which necessitates postoperative immobilization, an approach preventing early postoperative functional rehabilitation. Balser plate stabilization is a therapeutic alternative that does not require extended periods of immobilization. From January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2000, a total of 10 trauma patients with unstable sternoclavicular joints (Allman grade III) requiring surgical management were treated with Balser plate stabilization to allow early physiotherapy. The population included 7 patients with anterior dislocations, 2 with posterior dislocations, and 1 with medial epiphysiolysis in addition to posterior dislocation. Implants were removed from 9 patients after 3 months and 1 patient after 2 months. One year or longer after the procedure, 9 of 10 patients were available for follow-up; 1 patient had moved. The results achieved with this alternative treatment are excellent. There were no cases of redislocation. The only surgical complication was a seroma that required surgical drainage. One patient had arthrosis develop. Outcome was assessed with Constant (range, 84-100; mean, 90.2 +/- 6.6) and DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) (range, 4.1-16.6; mean, 8.4 +/- 1.4) scores. For the rare case of sternoclavicular joint dislocation requiring open surgical reduction and stabilization, the Balser plate technique is reliable, permits early movement, has good postoperative results, and compares favorably with alternative methods.     

Origin, diagnosis and treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation

Traumatic dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is very uncommon (1,5% of all dislocation, 10% of all dislocations in clavicular joints; ratio acromioclavicular dislocations: sternoclavicular dislocations = 5-10:1). The functional importance of this joint requires open reduction with reconstruction of its ruptured ligaments and the disc. The sternoclavicular joint can be dislocated in association with congential, developmental, degenerative and inflammatory processes (M. Friedrich, rheumatoid arthritis). Epiphyseal separations or fractures of the medial end of the clavicle can usually be treated conservatively, but interposition of the joint capsule between the fragments may cause the dislocation to be irreducible. In addition to clinical examination and anteroposterior of oblique posteroanterior X-rays, tomography, computed tomography and arthrography can be of help in diagnosis. Additional special X-ray pictures as suggested by Heinig, Hobbs and Kattan are very helpful in determining the degree of dislocation (Allman). If open reduction is necessary, the functional importance of the disc and the angle of inclination of the joint socket must be taken into consideration.     

Spontaneous atraumatic anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint

We reviewed the cases of thirty-seven young patients, ten to thirty-six years old, who had had spontaneous atraumatic anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint. Sudden atraumatic subluxation is quite alarming to the patient and the physician. Twenty-nine of the thirty-seven patients were treated non-operatively by observation and rehabilitative measures. Eight patients had been treated elsewhere with attempted operative reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint or with resection arthroplasty. After an average follow-up of eight years, the twenty-nine patients who were treated non-operatively (group I) had excellent results, with no limitations of activity or changes in life-style. The eight patients who were treated operatively (group II) had numerous problems, including noticeable scars, persistent instability, pain, or limitation of activity that resulted in an alteration in lifestyle. Three of the eight patients had had a resection of the medial portion of the clavicle. Two of them had a second resection and the third patient had a third resection. A thoracic-outlet syndrome developed in this patient and the clavicle had to be totally resected to obtain relief. Since spontaneous atraumatic anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint has a benign natural course, it should not be treated with operative stabilization of the joint. Instead, a conservative approach that includes education and reassurance of the patient will result in an unaltered lifestyle with no limitation of activity and little or no discomfort.