吸毒致破伤风的临床特点及护理

由于吸毒人员的增加,吸毒致破伤风的病例有增加的趋势,吸毒者抵抗力低,吸毒致破伤风死亡率较(60.0%)非吸毒者(10.3%)高,总结10例吸毒致破伤风的护理经验,家庭社会支持、心理护理、伤口处理和消毒隔离显得尤其重要.追踪4例治愈者,3例成功戒毒,1例失访.对吸毒者加强心理护理和健康教育,通过家属及其亲属的共同参与,让患者治愈后重返社会是护理工作的重要内容.     

吸毒致破伤风的临床特点及护理

由于吸毒人员的增加，吸毒致破伤风的病例有增加的趋势，吸毒者抵抗力低，吸毒致破伤风死亡率较（60.0%)非吸毒者（10.3%）高，总结10例吸毒致破伤风的护理经验，家庭社会支持、心理护理、伤口处理和消毒隔离显得尤其重要。追踪4例治愈者，3例成功戒毒，1例失访。对吸毒者加强心理护理和健康教育，通过家属及其亲属共同参与，让患者治愈后重返社会是护理工作的重要内容。     

18例注射吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤的护理

[目的]探讨注射吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤的护理措施。[方法]对注射吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤病人进行观察,总结护理方法。[结果]18例病人中1例因失血过多经抢救无效死亡,13例好转出院,4例痊愈出院。[结论]加强健康教育,保证治疗时间,术后患肢制动,密切观察生命体征及足背动脉搏动情况,做好心理护理有利于病人康复。     

气管切开术抢救重型破伤风的护理

重型破伤风患者多因膈肌及呼吸肌群痉挛致窒息。气管切开术是抢救重型破伤风的重要措施，做好气管切开术的护理是抢救成功的关键。我院感染科自1990-2003年，采用气管切开术抢救重型破伤风50例，护理体会总结如下。     

20例新生儿破伤风的护理

总结了20例新生儿破伤风的护理体会，主要包括痉挛相关的护理、感染相关的护理、营养相关的护理。认为严密观察病情，控制痉孪，保持呼吸道的通畅，保证营养的供给，对成功就治破伤风患儿起着至关重要的作用。     

新生儿破伤风的护理体会

总结新生儿破伤风的观察及护理特点，以提高患儿的抢救成功率，减少此病带来的危害性。作者通过对34例破伤风患儿的观察及护理，注重呼吸道通畅，有效地控制痉挛，加强支持疗法，保证营养的供给，做好对症护理，同时，加强母亲的健康宣教。结果大大降低了此病的并发症及死亡率，并总结出一套完整成功的护理方法。     

强化护理干预对降低重型破伤风肺部感染的研究

目的 探讨降低重型破伤风并发肺部感染的护理措施及其意义.方法 把2002年1月至2007年12月62例重型破伤风患者随机分为强化护理组和常规护理组,并对两组的肺部感染率、病死率及平均住院天数进行对照分析.结果 两组病例的肺部感染发生率、病死率及平均住院天数有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 强化护理措施对重型破伤风患者并发肺部感染有一定的预防和控制作用,提高了重型破伤风患者的抢救成功率.     

破伤风176例的护理

目的：提高破伤风患者的护理质量和治疗效果,降低死亡率。方法：通过对我院1992-02～2007-07收治的176例破伤风患者护理的成功经验进行总结。结果：在医师正规治疗的前提下,通过一系列精心的护理,提高了破伤风患者抢救和治疗的成功率。结论：保持呼吸道通畅、控制痉挛、防治并发症、保证营养、精心护理等是成功抢救破伤风患者生命的关键。     

重症破伤风患者的护理体会

回顾性分析2004年8月-2010年2月收治的28例重症破伤风患者,所有病例均给予祛除感染源、中和机体内游离毒素、控制肌肉抽搐和肺部感染及行气管切开、机械通气、肠内营养支持等治疗。给予患者一般护理,同时加强药物护理、气道护理及营养支持。药物护理、气道护理及营养支持在降低重症破伤风的并发症和病死率中起关键性作用。     

86例注射毒品致股动脉假性动脉瘤外科治疗手术前后护理体会

总结了2003年7月～2012年1月收治的86例注射吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者临床资料,总结手术前后护理经验.护理措施包括生命体征和患肢血液循环的观察,心理护理,基础护理以及健康教育,术前疼痛大出血的护理及术后采取预防感染的措施.认为对吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者给予护理干预,加强对股动脉假性动脉瘤患者的手术前后护理,有利于患者减少术后并发症的发生,提高生活质量.     

破伤风患者椎管内注射破伤风抗毒素的护理

阐述了对破伤风患者开展椎管内注射破伤风抗毒索的治疗及护理方法。作者提出要适时做好患者的心理护理，加强用药后的观察，重视患者的用药反应、病情发展和意识状态，并采取相应的护理措施。文章还讨论了对破伤风患者开展椎管内注射破伤风抗毒素疗法的机理和做好综合护理的必要性。     

The intake of nutrients by hospitalized pensioners with chronic wounds

Three issues concerning nutrition in hospital are frequently highlighted in nursing literature the risk of elderly patients becoming malnourished, the lack of adequate nutritional care provided by nurses and the importance of certain nutrients in the process of wound healing This detailed study of seven subjects on care of the elderly wards examined their intake of certain important nutrients The findings are discussed in relation to the Department of Health's Estimated Average Requirements (1991) and the achievement of an optimum wound healing environment The results add further to the evidence that many patients do not consume sufficient levels of nutrients and in some cases did not even receive adequate quantities of these nutrients on their plates Nurses' nutritional care was limited in most cases and no subjects received an optimum nutritional environment for wound healing     

The provision of preventive care by general practitioners measured by patient completed questionnaires

The objective of this study was, by means of patient self-report, to measure the provision of preventive care to patients of a sample of Australian general practitioners. Patient-completed questionnaires from a consecutive sample of Australian general practitioners enrolled in the Quality Assurance and Continuing Medical Education Program of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners were used. Patients were attendees at Australian general practices. The main outcome measures included the following: the provision of tetanus immunization within the last 10 years; blood pressure measurement within the last 12 months; cholesterol screening within the past 5 years; provision of adequate information to enable patients to stop smoking if they desired; discussion about the benefits of diet and exercise to enhance life, and about alcohol intake; provision of cervical smears in the past 2 years; provision of adequate instruction in breast self-examination and overall satisfaction with service provision. A total of 12,605 questionnaires from 133 general practices were completed. There was wide variability between practices in the reported provision of preventive care items including an average of 86% (range 36-100) of patients reporting the provision of blood pressure checking in the past 12 months, 62% (range 25-97%) reporting the provision of tetanus immunization in the past 10 years, and 63% (range 10-91%) reporting having had a cervical smear in the past 2 years. Patients who were very satisfied were more likely to have reported that they had received blood pressure measurement in the past 12 months, participated in discussions about the benefits of diet and exercise in enhancing life, and participated in discussions about alcohol intake and provision of adequate instruction in the technique of breast self-examination. Patient self-reporting identified variability between practitioners in the provision of preventive care conforming to accepted guidelines. Patients who reported that they were very satisfied or who regularly attend only one general practice reported the provision of more preventive care than those who were not very satisfied or who regularly visited two or more general practitioners.     

人文关怀对肝硬化病人用药依从性的影响

目的评价人文关怀对肝硬化病人用药依从性的效果。方法选择132例肝硬化住院病人随机分为对照组（n=66）和观察组（n=66）,对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上应用人文关怀,通过开展对医务人员加强自身素质的培养,注重传播技巧与心理沟通对病人进行健康教育和护理服务。观察两组用药依从性的变化。结果观察组通过人文关怀后,肝硬化病人用药依从性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论人文关怀能提高肝硬化病人用药依从性,有利于肝硬化病人的治疗和康复。     

ICU病人镇静治疗的护理对策

探讨ICU病人应用镇静治疗的护理对策.对2006年9月至2007年9月197例Ramsay评分标准1分的ICU病人应用咪唑安定或丙泊酚镇静治疗的临床护理行回顾性总结和分析.197例病人应用镇静治疗后呼吸和循环系统各项指标明显改善,病人能更好地配合治疗,无意外拔管和导管脱落,无不良记忆及睡眠障碍等并发症发生.严密观察病情、加强临床监护、及时调整镇静药物的剂量和处理药物不良反应、细致做好全程心理护理等综合措施,是保证ICU病人镇静治疗安全、减少并发症发生的关键.     

Tetanus in Japan: trends of mortality, case fatality and causes of death

The rapid decline of tetanus mortality in recent years, from 2.84 to 0.02 per 10(5) population during the period of 1947-1982 was largely due to the decrease in neonatal tetanus mortality which declined from 36.1 to 0 per 10(5) live birth during the same period (1947-1979). The incidence of neonatal tetanus was inversely related to the percent of babies born in medical institutions. Vaccination against tetanus contributed to the rapid decline of tetanus mortality in the 0 to 9 years old group excluding the neonates, but not necessarily in the other age groups. There was a conspicuous decline in case fatality from about 50-40% during 1940-1970 to 20% and 10% in the periods from 1971-1980 and 1981-1982, respectively. This is attributed to the recent trend of treating tetanus patients in intensive care units where even the most extremely moribund patients have come to be successfully treated in the past few decades. The causes of death of tetanus patients changed from about 1975. Respiratory insufficiency with or without pulmonary infection was predominant in the period from 1961-1974. Unexpected complications, i.e. perforation of esophageal fistula, bleeding from gastrointestinal ulcers, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency due to hyalinosis of alveolar septae associated with prolonged artificial respiration etc. were the major causes of death in the years 1975-1985.     

1例先天性左心室壁瘤患儿的护理

总结1例先天性左心室壁瘤患儿的围手术期护理经验。术前护理要点：严格控制血压,预防心脏破裂;密切监测心率和心律,预防心力衰竭;及早处理血栓,预防血栓栓塞。术后护理要点：加强早期镇静、镇痛管理;严格控制出入量,维持左心功能稳定;保持内环境稳定,预防心律失常;加强居家护理指导。经过精心治疗及护理后,患儿顺利出院,出院1个月时,门诊随访提示心功能稳定、生长发育正常。     

Tetanus and the aged

Tetanus is primarily a disease of the aged. Even though the overall number of cases of tetanus has decreased since 1955, the number of cases of tetanus in people 50 years of age and older has remained constant. The national Center for Disease Control attributes the cases of tetanus in the aged to inadequate immunization levels. Tetanus is preventable and, theoretically, could be eradicated if the population was at an adequate immunization level. There are many reasons why older people are not adequately immunized. These reasons may include the inability to get to a health care facility due to physical disability or lack of transportation, ignorance of the importance of seeking health care for minor injuries, financial constraints and a knowledge deficit on the part of health care providers regarding the immunization needs of the aged. Health care providers can prevent tetanus in the aged through vigilance. All aged clients should be routinely assessed and immunizations updated as necessary. Tetanus will never be eliminated until universal active immunization has been achieved.     

Tetanus in the emergency department: a current review

Despite the availability of effective immunization to prevent tetanus, there are still up to one million cases per year worldwide. Although the majority of tetanus cases occur in third world countries, there are still significant numbers of cases occurring in countries such as the United States, where preventive immunization is easily accessible. The Emergency Physician has the opportunity to contribute to the decline of the incidence of tetanus through knowledge of those at greatest risk for inadequate immunization and through providing proper wound care and immunization prophylaxis.     

Cephalic tetanus: a case report and review of the literature

Cephalic tetanus is a rare form of tetanus defined as trismus plus paralysis of one or more cranial nerves. The most frequently involved cranial nerve is the seventh. It accounts for 1 to 3% of the total number of reported cases of tetanus and has a mortality of 15 to 30%. The incubation period is 1 to 14 days, and approximately two thirds of cases progress to generalized tetanus. The mechanism of the paralysis is not completely understood. Treatment involves debridement of wounds, administration of penicillin and tetanus immune-globulin, aggressive supportive care, and initiation of active immunization.