低剂量螺旋CT对肺癌高危人群筛查的价值

目的：通过对常规剂量和低剂量螺旋CT胸部平扫对肺部细节显示评价及肺部结节数目比较,评估胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺癌普查中的应用价值。方法：对80例健康体检者用常规剂量和低剂量螺旋CT胸部平扫两种方法在各肺叶结构细节方面的差别及肺部结节数目进行对比分析。结果：低剂量和常规剂量扫描段支气管和外围肺纹理的结构及肺结节数目显示率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：低剂量和常规剂量螺旋CT胸部平扫在胸部结构细节方面及肺部结节数目方面没有明显差别,低剂量螺旋CT扫描不但适用周围型肺癌的早期诊断,而且同样适用于中心型肺癌的早期诊断。     

血清自身抗体联合低剂量螺旋CT在肺癌早期筛查中的价值

目的 探讨血清自身抗体检测联合低剂量螺旋CT（LDCT）在肺癌早期筛查中的可行性。方法 收集武汉大学人民医院体检中心体检人群12 568例体检资料,男7 453例、女5 115例,筛选出肺癌高危人群1 324例纳入本研究,该人群均进行胸部X线检查。随机选取443例患者采用低剂量螺旋CT检测;488例患者采用血清自身抗体进行检测;393例患者采用血清自身抗体联合低剂量螺旋CT检测。均随访一年,比较不同筛查方法对肺结节初筛阳性率及肺癌确诊率,早期肺癌筛查的敏感度及特异性。结果 血清自身抗体联合低剂量螺旋CT检测对于发现肺结节的初筛率、肺癌的确诊率及不同直径肺结节的检出率均明显高于低剂量螺旋CT组及血清自身抗体检测组（P<0.001）。血清自身抗体联合低剂量螺旋CT检测的特异性为89.1%,敏感度为88.4%,AUC为0.863。结论 血清自身抗体检测联合低剂量螺旋CT可明显提高高危人群早期肺癌筛查的确诊率,为寻找肺癌筛查路径提供理论依据。     

低剂量CT扫描对于肺内小结节病变诊断的临床研究

目的探讨低剂量CT扫描(LDCT)对于肺内小结节病变的诊断价值.方法分析及随访2002～2004年进行LDCT检查的94例病人的特点,比较初次LDCT检查时胸部X线片、CT、LDCT间的差异.结果行LDCT检查者,50岁以上81例(87%);有吸烟史29例(31%);7例(7%)曾经接触有毒物或有害物质;72例因肺内结节待查行LDCT检查,其中27例无任何症状,45例临床症状轻微.结节待查组中35例曾经接受胸部X线片检查,19例(54%)发现肺小结节,共发现结节36个,普通CT发现结节89个,LDCT共发现结节138个.肿瘤组36例病人患肿瘤后行LDCT检查,22例发现肺内小结节,14例诊为原发肿瘤肺转移.结论①LDCT发现肺内小结节较普通胸部X线片敏感;②LDCT与普通CT比较,发现肺部小结节敏感性高,其影像学特点与普通CT一致,且可以通过三维重建自动测量结节体积大小及形态,清晰程度优于普通CT.83.4%肺内小结节≤200mm3.病人所接受的放射量仅为普通CT的1/6;③对不同类型的肿瘤病人LDCT能更早发现肿瘤的肺内转移,成为各类型肿瘤随访转移和复发的方法之一;④结节待查组72例病人在随访中41例确诊为良性结节,9例因结节进行性增大疑诊肺癌(4例已手术确诊),22例目前性质尚不能明确,仍在随访中.因此LDCT对高危人群的监测有较高的价值,有可能更早发现肺癌,使病人得到早期治疗,达到治愈.     

低剂量多层螺旋CT对717例健康体检者的肺结节筛查分析

摘 要：［目的］ 评价低剂量多层螺旋CT进行健康体检人群早期肺结节筛查的特点。［方法］ 重庆市人民医院放射科2014年3月至2014年7月对已排除既往有恶性肿瘤病史的717例健康体检人员采用低剂量螺旋CT 进行早期肺结节筛查。［结果］ 筛检并经病理确诊肺结节117例(16.3%),结节类型中磨玻璃样结节34例,部分实性结节47例,实性结节36例,术后病理结果肉芽肿性结节94例,肺癌17例,错构瘤6例。肺结节的总检出率为16.3%。肺结节的总检出率男性高于女性,检出的肺结节中肺癌的总检出率男性高于女性。［结论］ 采用低剂量多层螺旋CT 进行肺结节筛查有助于肺结节的早期发现并提高肺癌的检出率。     

螺旋CT低剂量扫描筛查早期肺癌的研究

肺癌是目前世界上常见的恶性肿瘤之一.肺癌的早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗是降低肺癌病死率,提高肺癌长期生存率的惟一途径.胸部X线片检查由于经济、射线量小、无创,与痰细胞学检查一起成为筛查肺癌的首选检查手段,但发现小肿瘤的敏感性较差.CT筛查肺癌可能促进早期肺癌发现、降低肺癌病死率,但CT常规剂量扫描由于放射剂量大,每次接受检查不符合体检筛查要求.由于空气与肺病变有较高对比,故降低放射剂量仍可能获得良好的胸部CT图像.低剂量CT接受的放射剂量仅是传统CT剂量的1/6.LDCT的筛查阳性结果是胸部X线片筛查的3倍;LDCT筛查发现恶性病变是胸部X线片筛查的4倍,LDCT筛查发现的工期肺癌是胸部X线片的6倍.LDCT筛查肺癌存在的争议:①LDCT筛查肺癌能否降低肺癌病死率;②LDCT筛查肺癌的假阳性率高及过诊问题;③LDCT筛查肺癌的误漏诊问题.     

低剂量螺旋CT对肺内结节的诊断价值

目的 探讨低剂量螺旋CT(LDCT)扫描对肺内结节的诊断价值.方法 前瞻性随诊分析2002～2010年在我院行LDCT的302例患者的临床资料,胸部X线、常规剂量CT(SDCT)及LDCT的结果.结果 行LDCT检查者分两组:肺内结节待查组:共230例,男性120例(52.2%),女性110例(47.8%),中位年龄为...     

低剂量螺旋CT检出肺内结节的价值

目的:探讨低剂量螺旋CT检出肺内结节的临床价值.方法:对30例患者进行胸部低剂量(33mA)和常规剂量(200mA)的扫描参数重复扫描,检出肺内结节的数量、CT值、及图像噪声等进行统计学分析.结果:低剂量与常规剂量螺旋CT扫描发现肺内结节方面有相同的能力,其检出肺内结节数无显著差异,对诊断的敏感性和特异性影响不大.结论:低剂量螺旋CT可成为肺内结节普查的最佳方法.     

23例误诊为肺癌的不典型肺结核X线影像分析

目的:通过对23例误诊为肺癌的不典型肺结核X线影像分析,提高对不典型肺结核的X线诊断及鉴别诊断水平.方法:收集23例术前X线诊断为肺癌而手术病理证实为肺结核的X线片及CT片,对其X线表现进行分析.结果:不典型肺结核与肺癌在病灶形态、密度、边缘、灶周改变及纵隔肺门等表现均有不同.结论:注意观察分析病灶的形态、边缘、密度、灶周及纵隔肺门改变,能提高不典型肺结核的正确诊断率.     

低剂量螺旋CT对肺癌高危人群早期筛查的临床研究

目的 探讨低剂量螺旋CT对筛查早期肺癌的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析7052例肺癌高危人群分别接受DR胸片及低剂量螺旋CT肺部扫描的影像学资料.结果 7052例肺癌高危人群受检者经低剂量螺旋CT扫描,共筛查出肺结节共1527例,其中经病理确诊肺癌共96例,肺癌总体检出率为1.36%,高于DR的检出率(0.52%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 低剂量螺旋CT能够提高肺内非钙化结节的检出率,对早期诊断肺癌具有重要的临床价值.     

肺孤立性结节的外科诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肺孤立性结节的外科诊断和治疗方法,以提高手术的成功率.方法 回顾分析1998年1月至2009年4月于我院手术治疗的 80例肺孤立性结节患者的临床资料.结果 术后病理检查报告肺癌56例,肺转移癌4例.其余20例为肺良性病变,其中结核球10例,肺炎性假瘤4例,肺曲菌球3例,肺错构瘤1例,支气管囊肿1例,肺动静脉瘘1例.术前影像学检查与术后诊断符合28例,符合率35%.结论 肺孤立性结节是一组病因复杂的疾病,胸部X线对早期发现的作用明显;胸部CT检查是术前鉴别诊断的最好方法.胸腔镜辅助手术比传统开胸手术治疗肺部结节更显优势.     

低剂量螺旋CT在早期肺癌筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨低剂量螺旋CT在早期肺癌筛查中的应用价值。方法:选择2016年5月至2017年10月在南充市中心医院接受低剂量螺旋CT肺癌筛查的吸烟人群2 100例作为研究对象,记录所有人群的影像学特征资料与一般人口学资料。结果:CT筛查出345例为阳性结节,占比16.4%,实性结节245例,非实性结节60例,部分实性结节40例。CT筛查出肺癌30例,占阳性结节的8.7%;经病理证实有27例肺癌患者,非实 性结节、部分实性结节中肺癌的比例高于实性结节,对比差异显著(P＜0.05);不同结节患者的直径对比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在27例肺癌患者中,CT表现为边缘毛糙20例,光整7例;形态不规则22例,规则5例;胸膜凹陷12例,支气管充气征6例,空泡1例;临床分型:周围型23例,中央型4例。结论:低剂量螺旋CT在早期肺癌筛查中的应用有很好的价值,有利于肺结节的检出,有利于预防早期肺癌的进展。     

Mortality outcomes of low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer in urban China: a decision analysis and implications for practice

Background:Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods:A decision tree model with three scenarios (low-dose CT screening,chest X-ray screening,and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort (100,000 smokers aged 45-80 years).Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence.The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research.Differences in lung cancer mortality (primary outcome),false diagnoses,and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results:Among the 100,000 subjects,there were 448,541,and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT,chest X-ray,and no screening scenarios,respectively (17.2％ reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2％ over no screening).The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7 and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons,respectively.The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort,low dose CT sensitivity,and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers.Considering all possibilities,reduction in deaths (relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were 16 (5.4％) and 288 (40.2％) over no screening,respectively.Conclusions:In terms of mortality outcomes,our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However,approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.     

双源CT血管成像评估肺癌病变的价值

目的探讨双源CT血管成像评估肺癌病变的价值。方法选择肺癌筛查的人群2100例,均进行双源CT低剂量进行检查,若发现异常需用双源CT血管成像序列进行增强扫描,记录患者的影像学特征并判断肺癌病变状况。结果双源CT低剂量筛查出345例(16. 4%)为阳性结节,其中实性结节245例,部分实性结节60例,磨玻璃密度结节40例。345例阳性结节中筛查出肺癌30例(8. 7%),经病理证实为肺癌患者27例,其中磨玻璃密度结节、部分实性结节中肺癌的比例高于实性结节(P <0. 05)。在27例肺癌患者中,CT表现为边缘毛糙20例,光整7例;形态不规则22例,规则5例;空泡1例,支气管充气征6例,胸膜凹陷12例;临床分型:周围型23例,中央型4例。结论双源CT血管成像评估肺癌病变有很好的价值,有利于显示肺癌的特征,有利于早期检出肺癌。     

Screening for lung cancer with low-dose helical computed tomography: anti-lung cancer association project.

PURPOSE: Because efficacy of lung cancer screening using chest x-ray is controversial and insufficient, other screening modalities need to be developed. To provide data on screening performance of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) scanning and its efficacy in terms of survival, a one-arm longitudinal screening project was conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,611 asymptomatic patients aged 40 to 79 years, 86% with smoking history, were screened by low-dose helical CT scan, chest x-ray, and 3-day pooled sputum cytology with a 6-month interval. RESULTS: At initial screening, the proportions of positive tests were 11.5%, 3.4%, and 0.8% with low-dose helical CT scan, chest x-ray, and sputum cytology, respectively. In 1,611 participants, 14 (0.87%) cases of lung cancer were detected, with 71% being stage IA disease and a mean tumor diameter of 19.8 mm. At repeated screening, the proportions of positive tests were 9.1%, 2.6%, and 0.7% with low-dose helical CT, chest x-ray, and sputum cytology, respectively. In 7,891 examinations, 22 (0.28%) cases of lung cancer were detected, with 82% being stage IA disease and a mean tumor diameter of 14.6 mm. The 5-year survival rate for screen-detected lung cancer was 76.2% and 64.9% for initial and repeated screening, respectively. CONCLUSION: Screening with low-dose helical CT has potential to improve screening efficacy in terms of reducing lung cancer mortality. An evaluation of efficacy using appropriate methods is urgently required.     

Finding needles in a haystack: annual low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer mortality in a high-risk group

Lung cancer is a global health issue. Compared with other common malignancies, the prognosis is poor as many patients present with advanced disease. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) aimed to identify and treat early lung cancers using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening in a high-risk group. When compared with chest x-ray screening, low-dose CT screening reduced lung cancer mortality by 20%; the NLST is the first lung cancer screening trial to demonstrate such a mortality benefit. However, we must wait for cost-effectiveness data from the NLST, as well as the results of ongoing European studies comparing low-dose CT with observation alone, before firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the overall benefits of introducing a CT screening program to clinical practice.     

Sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer screening using chest low-dose computed tomography

Lung cancer screening programmes using chest X-ray and sputum cytology are routinely performed in Japan; however, the efficacy is insufficient. Screening using low-dose computed tomography (CT) is a more effective approach and has the potential to detect the disease more accurately. A total of 7183 low-dose CT screening tests for 4689 participants and 36 085 chest X-ray screening tests for 13 381 participants were conducted between August 1998 and May 2002. Sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer screening were calculated by both the detection method and the incidence method by linkage of the screening database and the Cancer Registry database. The preclinical detectable phase was assumed to be 1 year. Sensitivity and specificity by the detection method were 88.9 and 92.6% for low-dose CT and 78.3 and 97.0% for chest X-ray, respectively. Sensitivity of low-dose CT by the incidence method was 79.5%, whereas that of chest X-ray was 86.5%. Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT resulted in higher sensitivity and lower specificity than traditional screening according to the detection method. However, sensitivity by the incidence method was not as high as this. These findings demonstrate the potential for overdiagnosis in CT screening-detected cases.     

18F-FDG分子符合探测成像联合增强CT对肺内病灶鉴别诊断的价值

目的：评价氟化脱氧葡萄糖(^18F-FDG)分子符合探测成像(简称FDG-MCD)及胸部增强CT对肺内良恶性病灶的鉴别诊断价值。方法：胸部X线平片上疑为周围型肺癌的肺部球形病灶90例，比较胸部FDG-MCD显像、增强CT扫描和经皮肺穿刺检查的诊断价值。结果：FDG-MCD诊断肺恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为96．83%(61／63)和74.07％(20／27)，而增强CT分别为90、48％，(57／63)和85、19%(23／27)。胸部FDG-MCD和增强CT均阳性时，诊断敏感性为87．30％(55／63)，特异性为92．59％，(25／27)。结论：FDG-MCD联合CT增强扫描对周围性肺部病灶性质具有重要的鉴别诊断意义。     

Finding needles in a haystack: annual low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer mortality in a high-risk group

Evaluation of: Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD et al.; National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(5), 395–409 (2011).

Lung cancer is a global health issue. Compared with other common malignancies, the prognosis is poor as many patients present with advanced disease. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) aimed to identify and treat early lung cancers using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening in a high-risk group. When compared with chest x-ray screening, low-dose CT screening reduced lung cancer mortality by 20%; the NLST is the first lung cancer screening trial to demonstrate such a mortality benefit. However, we must wait for cost–effectiveness data from the NLST, as well as the results of ongoing European studies comparing low-dose CT with observation alone, before firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the overall benefits of introducing a CT screening program to clinical practice.     

低剂量螺旋CT检测妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤肺转移

目的 探讨低剂量CT能否取代常规剂量CT检测妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（GTT）患者的肺转移。方法34例GTT患者进行了56次常规剂量（120KV,150mAs,螺距1,标准重建算法）和低剂量（120KV,40mA8,螺距2,骨重建算法）胸部CT扫描。每次扫描获得的常规剂量和低剂量图像作为配对组,由2位医师分别阅读,各自记录肺部转移病灶的数目和大小。肺转移病灶定义为肺实质中不能用肺血管解释的肺结节。采用符号等级秩和检验比较两种扫描方式在病灶检出方面的差异。结果在常规剂量CT图像上发现肺部转移灶1417个,低剂量CT图像上发现转移灶1214个。低剂量扫描方案对于〈5mm的肺部转移病灶检出能力降低（Z=-3．368,P=0．000）。虽然小病灶容易在低剂量扫描被漏检,但不影响对疾病的预后评分,对分期的判断也有很高准确性。结论低剂量CT可以替代常规剂量CT用于GTT患者肺部转移的评估和随访。