Effect of miR-92a-3p_R+1 and miR-92a-1-5 in ERK signaling pathway of ox-LDL induced phenotypic transformation and proliferation of VSMC in rats

正Objective To investigate the effect of miR-92a-3p_R+1 and miR-92a-l-5p on phenotypic transformation and proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway.Methods VSMC was isolated from rats,and ox-LDL (50 mg/L) was used to induce VSMC.ERK1/2 inhibitors U0126 (10μmol/L)was used for intervention.The miRNA microarray profi-     

24-乙酰泽泻醇A对ox-LDL诱导大鼠VSMC表型转化的影响及其与ERK1/2通路的关系

目的观察24-乙酰泽泻醇A(alisol A 24-acetate)对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转化及其表型转化过程中合成基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)能力的影响,并探讨与ERK1/2的相关性。方法以酶消化法体外培养大鼠VSMC,ox-LDL(50 mg/L)进行诱导,24-乙酰泽泻醇A(10 mg/L)进行干预,免疫细胞化学染色观察VSMC收缩表型标记蛋白SM22α的变化;RT-PCR检测VSMC MMP-9 mRNA的表达及Western blot检测VSMC MMP-9和ERK、p-ERK蛋白表达的变化。结果在ox-LDL诱导下,VSMC收缩表型标志蛋白SM22α的表达降低,细胞向合成型转化,促进MMP-9的合成,伴随着ERK1/2磷酸化水平升高(P0.05);在24-乙酰泽泻醇A的干预下,VSMC收缩表型标志蛋白SM22α的表达增加,细胞向收缩表型转化,伴随着MMP-9及pERK的表达下降(P0.05)。结论 24-乙酰泽泻醇A能有效抑制VSMC表型转化和MMP-9的表达,其机制可能与抑制ERK1/2信号通路有关。     

miR-145抑制VSMC增殖的作用及其相关信号通路研究

目的探讨miR-145对PDGF-BB诱导的大鼠原代血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的作用及丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导途径的作用。方法体外培养大鼠原代VSMC,再将细胞分为空白对照组、miR-NC组、PDGF-BB+miR-145组及PDGF-BB组。CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖情况;实时RT-PCR方法检测PCNA、c-Jun及SM22a的表达水平;Western印迹方法检测ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2的表达、JNK和p-JNK的表达以及p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK的表达。结果 miR-145过表达后能够抑制PDGF诱导的大鼠原代VSMC增殖,并下调VSMC增殖相关基因PCNA、c-Jun的表达、上调分化相关基因SM22a的表达;PDGF-BB诱导VSMC后,ERK、JNK、p38MAPK的磷酸化水平均明显上调,而转染miR-145慢病毒后再加PDGF刺激,ERK、JNK、p38MAPK的磷酸化水平均明显下调。结论 miR-145能够抑制去分化型VSMC中的MAPK信号通路,进而抑制VSMC的增殖。     

泽泻汤对氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的观察泽泻汤对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)周期蛋白Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和p27表达的影响,探讨泽泻汤在氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的VSMC增殖中的作用和机制。方法通过体外50 mg/L ox-LDL诱导VSMC,建立VSMC增殖的动脉粥样硬化细胞模型;应用空白血清及20%泽泻汤含药血清干预。MTS法检测泽泻汤含药血清对VSMC增殖的影响;Western blot检测增殖相关蛋白Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、PCNA和p27表达水平。结果 50 mg/L ox-LDL可明显诱导VSMC增殖。与ox-LDL组比较,泽泻汤含药血清可显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的VSMC增殖,下调细胞Cyclin D1、Cyclin E和PCNA的表达,同时促进p27蛋白表达。结论泽泻汤具有抗VSMC增殖的作用,机制可能与上调p27蛋白和抑制Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、PCNA表达有关。     

大鼠microRNA-145慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对血管平滑肌细胞表型转化的影响

目的构建针对Rno-miR-145的慢病毒表达载体并探讨其在血小板源生长因子(PDGF)诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转化中的作用。方法人工合成含有酶切位点粘端miR-145 shDNA双链模板序列,克隆于LV3 pGLV/H1/GFP+Puro-miRNA慢病毒穿梭载体中,转染293T细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染大鼠原代VSMC,倒置荧光显微镜下观察VSMC感染后的荧光表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-145的表达情况;实验分为空白对照组、PDGF组、PDGF+miR-145组和细胞转染阴性慢病毒载体组(miR-NC组);采用实时荧光定量PCR测定miR-145对VSMC增殖相关基因PCNA、c-Jun及分化相关基因SM22αmRNA表达水平的影响。结果成功构建了microRNA-145慢病毒载体,测定病毒滴度为1×109TU/mL。倒置荧光显微镜下观察大鼠microRNA-145慢病毒表达载体感染成功,MOI值为50,感染72 h时感染率最高。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示PDGF可使PCNA、c-Jun表达增加,而使SM22α表达降低;miR-145可使PDGF诱导的去分化型VSMC增殖相关基因PCNA、c-Jun表达降低,分化相关基因SM22α表达增加。结论 miR-145慢病毒载体可高效感染大鼠原代VSMC。感染miR-145慢病毒后可抑制VSMC的表型转化。     

MiR-155对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导小鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞表型转换的影响及机制研究

目的:观察mi R-155对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导小鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转换的影响并研究其可能的机制。方法:原代培养小鼠VSMC,用不同浓度、时间AngⅡ作用于VSMC,然后用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q RT-PCR)检测不同处理组mi R-155表达的变化情况。用q RT-PCR检测过表达及抑制表达mi R-155后空白对照组、mi R-155 mimics组、mimics阴性对照组、mi R-155 inhibitors组、inhibitors阴性对照组的mi R-155水平变化情况,检测转染效率。用免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot)法检测过表达及抑制表达mi R-155后空白对照组、AngⅡ组、mi R-155mimics组、AngⅡ+mi R-155 mimics组、mi R-155 inhibitors组、AngⅡ+mi R-155 inhibitors组对AngⅡ激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)及细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)通路的影响。Western blot检测转染mi R-155、使用雷帕霉素、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2抑制剂(U0126)后空白对照、AngⅡ组、mi R-155 mimics组、AngⅡ+mi R-155mimics组、AngⅡ+U0126组、AngⅡ+雷帕霉组AngⅡ促进VSMC表型转换的影响,检测两个收缩表型蛋白标志物即平滑肌22α(SM22α)与α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SM-actin),及一个合成表型蛋白标志物骨桥蛋白(OPN)。结果:与作用0 h或0 mol/L AngⅡ相比,AngⅡ作用于VSMC后AngⅡ以浓度、时间依赖方式降低mi R-155的表达。转染mi R-155后可显著减少基础及AngⅡ促进m TOR与ERK1/2通路激活作用,而转染mi R-155抑制剂可进一步增加基础及AngⅡ促进m TOR与ERK1/2通路激活作用。雷帕霉素、U0126及转染mi R-155均可抑制AngⅡ减少收缩表型蛋白标志物SM22α与α-SM-actin的表达,同时抑制AngⅡ促进合成表型蛋白标志物OPN的表达。结论:AngⅡ通过抑制mi R-155表达促进m TOR与ERK1/2激活促进VSMC表型转换。     

miR-92a-3p靶向GPR124调控糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤的机制

目的研究miR-92a-3p对糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤的影响及其机制。方法构建高糖(30 mmol/L)诱导的小鼠足细胞损伤模型;将高糖+anti-miR-92a-3p组(转染anti-miR-92a-3p)、高糖+anti-miR-NC组(转染anti-miR-NC)、高糖+pcDNA组(转染pcDNA)、高糖+pcDNA-GPR124组(转染pcDNA-GPR124)、高糖+anti-miR-92a-3p+si-con组(共转染pcDNA-GPR124和si-con)、高糖+anti-miR-92a-3p+si-GPR124组(共转染pcDNA-GPR124和si-GPR124)至小鼠足细胞,用30 mmol/L高糖处理48 h。Western印迹检测各组细胞中结蛋白(Desmin)、G蛋白耦联受体(GPR)124的蛋白表达;流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率;qRT-PCR检测各组细胞中miR-92a-3p、GPR124的表达;双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验检测各组细胞荧光活性。结果与对照组相比,高糖处理组小鼠足细胞中Desmin蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率均显著升高,miR-92a-3p表达明显升高,GPR124表达明显降低(P<0.05);抑制miR-92a-3p、过表达GPR124均可下调Desmin蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率;miR-92a-3p可抑制WT-GPR124足细胞的荧光活性,且负调控GPR124的蛋白表达;敲减GPR124可逆转抑制miR-92a-3p对高糖诱导的小鼠足细胞的保护作用。结论抑制miR-92a-3p可保护高糖诱导的小鼠足细胞损伤,其机制可能与靶向GPR124有关,将可为糖尿病肾病的治疗提供新方向。     

miR-20a-5p通过靶向MRTFA缓解ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞损伤

目的探讨miR-20a-5p是否可通过靶向心肌素相关转录因子A(MRTFA)缓解氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)损伤。方法 RT-qPCR检测miR-20a-5p在不同剂量不同时间oxLDL诱导的HUVEC中的表达; MTT法、流式细胞术和Western blot检测过表达miR-20a-5p和MRTFA对ox-LDL诱导HUVEC增殖和凋亡的影响;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测试盒测定过表达miR-20a-5p对ox-LDL诱导HUVEC中LDH释放的影响; ELISA法检测过表达miR-20a-5p和MRTFA对ox-LDL处理的HUVEC中氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响;荧光素酶报告和Western blot实验验证miR-20a-5p与MRTFA的靶向关系。结果 miR-20a-5p的表达随着ox-LDL诱导时间和剂量的增加而逐渐下降;过表达miR-20a-5p可部分逆转ox-LDL诱导对HUVEC增殖和凋亡的影响;上调miR-20a-5p可部分修复ox-LDL诱导对HUVEC氧化应激损伤; MRTFA是miR-20a-5p的靶基因;在ox-LDL诱导HUVEC中,MRTFA过表达可逆转miR-20a-5p对ox-LDL诱导HUVEC细胞增殖和凋亡、氧化应激损伤指标的影响。结论 miR-20a-5p靶向MRTFA修复ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC损伤。     

荷叶生物碱下调THP-1源性巨噬细胞microRNA-33a-5p的表达及上调ABCA1/G1的表达

目的探讨荷叶生物碱对THP-1源性巨噬细胞microRNA-33a-5p(miR-33a-5p)及三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G1(ABCG1)表达的影响。方法用佛波酯将THP-1细胞诱导分化为巨噬细胞,再将巨噬细胞随机分成四组:空白对照组、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)组、荷叶生物碱组、荷叶生物碱+ox-LDL组,油红O染色观察细胞内脂质变化,RT-PCR和Western blot检测各组细胞miR-33a-5p的表达及ABCA1/G1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果与空白对照组比较,ox-LDL组脂质蓄积明显增加,miR-33a-5p的表达减少,ABCA1/G1的表达增加。与空白对照组比较,荷叶生物碱组脂质蓄积无明显差异,miR-33a-5p的表达显著减少,ABCA1/G1的表达显著增加。与ox-LDL组比较,荷叶生物碱+ox-LDL组脂质蓄积明显减少,miR-33a-5p的表达显著减少,ABCA1/G1的表达显著增加。结论荷叶生物碱下调THP-1源性巨噬细胞miR-33a-5p的表达,上调ABCA1/G1的表达,增加细胞内胆固醇流出,抑制细胞泡沫化。     

小檗碱抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖及其分子机制

目的探讨小檗碱对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖的抑制作用及其相关信号通路改变。方法体外培养HUVEC,以ox-LDL刺激增殖并以不同浓度小檗碱干预,采用细胞计数试剂盒8与Ed U掺入实验检测小檗碱对HUVEC增殖的抑制作用,通过实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot分析相关基因和蛋白表达及信号通路变化。结果小檗碱(1~50 mg/L)呈浓度依赖性显著抑制ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC增殖,并降低增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、核因子кB(NF-κB)、凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1(LOX-1)的表达;该作用与PI3K/Akt、ERK1/2及p38MAPK信号通路蛋白的磷酸化水平降低相关。结论小檗碱通过下调PCNA、NF-κB与LOX-1表达从而抑制ox-LDL诱导的HUVEC增殖,PI3K/Akt、ERK1/2及p38MAPK信号通路参与其中。     

血清miR-92a-1-5p及miR-92a-2-5p表达水平与老年卒中后抑郁的关系

目的 分析血清微小核糖核酸-92a-1-5p ( miR-92a-1-5p)、 miR-92a-2-5p 表达水平与老年卒中后抑郁的关系.方法 选取2018年2月至2020年10月胶州中心医院收治的129例老年卒中患者为研究组,另选取110名同期健康体检者为对照组,均检测血清miR-92a-1-5p、miR-92a-2...     

人血浆及粪便中微小RNA-92a-1表达水平在结直肠肿瘤筛查中的意义

目的 探讨联合检测人血浆及粪便中微小RNA-92a-1(miRNA-92a-1)表达水平作为结直肠肿瘤筛查标志物的可行性及临床意义.方法 收集2011年8月至10月间60例结直肠癌患者、23例结直肠腺瘤患者及30名健康对照者的粪便及血浆标本,采用实时定量RT-PCR的方法检测miRNA-92a-1的表达水平.组间采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行差异性检验,然后根据受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定截断点,对实验结果的敏感度及特异度进行分析.结果 结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤患者血浆中miRNA-92a-1的表达水平均高于健康对照者(U=288.5和151.0,P均＜0.01).结直肠癌患者粪便中miRNA-92a-1的表达水平高于健康对照者(U=627.5,P=0.0199).根据ROC曲线分析,当截断点值＞1.22时,miRNA-92a-1在结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤患者血浆中的敏感度分别为85.0％(51/60)和73.9％(17/23),在健康对照者血浆中的特异度为76.7％(23/30);当截断点值＞1.14时,miRNA-92a-1在结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤患者粪便中的敏感度分别为31.7％(19/60)和26.1％(6/23),在健康对照者粪便中的特异度为90.0％(27/30).联合血浆及粪便中的检测结果,miRNA-92a-1在结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤患者中的敏感度分别为88.3％(53/60)和82.6％(19/23),在健康对照者中的特异度为73.3％(22/30),敏感度高于单样本检测.结论 联合检测结直肠癌及结直肠腺瘤患者血浆及粪便中miRNA-92a-1的表达水平,具有较高的敏感度和特异度.miRNA-92a-1可作为结直肠癌诊断及筛查的一个潜在指标.     

Significance of human plasma and feces microRNA-92a-1 expression level in colorectal tumor screening

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of combined detection of human plasma and feces expression level of microRNA-92a-1(miRNA-92a-1) as colorectal tumour screening marker. Methods From August to October in 2011,the feces and plasma samples     

内皮细胞缺氧后miR-210、miR-92a、miR-126表达及意义

目的进一步探讨缺氧后血管新生的调控机制。方法常规方法培养人微血管内皮细胞,低氧培养箱制备内皮细胞缺氧模型（观察组）,正常细胞作为对照组。采用real time PCR法检测两组内皮特异性microRNA（miR-210、miR-92a、miR-126）表达变化。结果与对照组比较,miR-210、miR-92a、miR-126分别上调了（5.19±0.99）、（3.02±0.88）、（3.87±0.83）倍,P均〈0.05。结论缺氧可促使内皮细胞特异性microRNA表达改变,此可能为缺氧后血管新生的主要调控机制。     

血浆miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p和miR-30a-3p水平与早发冠心病的相关性及其初筛价值

目的]探讨血浆miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p和miR-30a-3p水平与早发冠心病(PCAD)的相关性及其对PCAD的初筛价值。[方法]根据纳入标准及排除标准,纳入6例明确诊断的PCAD患者作为PCAD组,纳入6例健康受试者作为对照组,收集PCAD组和对照组血液,提取血清样本并保存,使用DNBseq平台检测两组血清中miRNA水平,筛选差异水平显著的miRNA。根据纳入标准及排除标准,收集78例PCAD患者、75例晚发冠心病患者和69例健康对照者的血液并对筛选的miRNA进行实时荧光定量PCR验证。分析PCAD患者冠状动脉造影报告,采用Gensini评分评估冠状动脉病变的严重程度。Spearman相关性检验分析有关miRNA水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。ROC曲线分析血浆miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p及miR-30a-3p水平对PCAD的诊断价值,多因素Logistic回归分析PCAD发生的影响因素。[结果]DNBseq平台分析显示,差异表达miRNA 33个,其中上调miRNA 17个,下调miRNA 16个,差异水平最为显著的5个miRNA分别为miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p、miR-424-3p和miR-30a-3p;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,PCAD患者血浆miR-1228-5p升高1.7倍,miR-34a-5p升高1.4倍,miR-192-5p升高0.7倍,miR-30a-3p升高2.5倍(P＜0.05),两组间血浆miR-424-3p水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血浆miR-1228-5p和miR-34a-5p水平与PCAD患者冠状动脉狭窄程度均呈正相关(r＝0.307,P＝0.004;r＝0.238,P＝0.036);ROC曲线分析显示,miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p和miR-30a-3p诊断PCAD的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.903、0.832、0.731及0.798,其联合诊断PCAD的ROC曲线下面积为0.990,95%CI为0.976～1.000。[结论]PCAD患者血浆miR-1228-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-192-5p和miR-30a-3p水平显著升高,其联合检测诊断PCAD具有较高的准确性,有望成为初筛PCAD的新型生物标志物。     

miR-26a-1rs7372209基因多态性与冠心病遗传易感的关系

目的研究miR-26a-1 rs7372209基因型和等位基因频率分布,探讨miR-26a-1 rs7372209基因多态性与华南地区汉族人冠心病遗传易感的关系。方法利用聚合酶链式反应-连接酶检测反应(PCR-LDR)分析技术,对295例冠心病患者和283名对照个体的miR-26a-1 rs7372209(C>T)多态位点进行分型,采用非条件逻辑回归分析统计该多态位点与冠心病易感的相关性。结果 CC、CT、TT基因型在冠心病组中的分布频率分别为54.6%、37.6%和7.8%,在对照组中分别是57.2%、37.5%和5.3%,两组间基因型频率分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.554,P=0.460)。携带miR-26a-1 rs7372209 T变异等位基因与冠心病的遗传易感无明显相关(OR=1.15,95%CI=0.88～1.49,P=0.315)。结论 miR-26a-1 rs7372209(C>T)多态位点与华南地区汉族人冠心病易感无相关性。     

miR-17-92 ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion injury

There is limited information on the role of miR-17-92 in renal tubular pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether miR-17-92 plays a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury. We originally demonstrated that miR-17-92 is up-regulated following IRI in vivo. To explore the roles of miR-17-92 in the IRI process, we first generated a renal proximal tubule-specific miR-17-92 deletion (PT-miR-17-92^?/?) knockout mouse model with Cre driven by the Kap promoter. We found that PT-deficient miR-17-92 mice had more severe renal dysfunction and renal structures than their littermates. Compared with sham-operated mice, both wide-type (WT) mice and PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice showed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. However, the levels of serum urea and creatinine in PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice after the IRI operation were significantly higher than the levels in WT mice. In addition, PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice showed higher levels of serum potassium and phosphonium after the IRI operation. Histological analysis revealed that PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice had substantial histopathologic changes, such as tubular dilation and tubular necrosis. Overexpression of miR-17-92 could partially reverse the side-effects of IRI on the proximal tubules in vivo. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative proteomic strategy and identified 16 proteins as potential targets of miR-17-92. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR-17-92 may ameliorates IRI-induced acute kidney injury. Our results indicate that pharmacologic modulation of these miRNAs may have therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury.     

MicroRNA Expression Profile Reveals miR-17-92 and miR-143-145 Cluster in Synchronous Colorectal Cancer

The expression of abnormal microRNA (miRNA, miR) is a ubiquitous feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathological features and clinical behaviors of synchronous CRC have been comprehensively described; however, the expression profile of miRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) in synchronous CRC has not been elucidated. In the present study, the expression profile of miRNA and snoRNA in 5 synchronous CRCs, along with the matched normal colorectal tissue was evaluated by microarray. Function and pathway analyses of putative targets, predicted from miRNA–mRNA interaction, were performed. Moreover, we analyzed clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of 22 patients with synchronous CRC and 579 solitary CRCs in a retrospective cohort study. We found a global dysregulation of miRNAs, including an oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster and oncosuppressive miR-143-145 cluster, and snoRNAs in synchronous CRC. Differential miRNA rather than snoRNA expression was robust enough to distinguish synchronous cancer from normal mucosa. Function analysis of putative targets suggested that miRNA clusters may modulate multiple effectors of oncogenic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of synchronous CRC. A comparison of normal mucosa between synchronous and solitary CRC suggested a differential genetic background of synchronous CRC from solitary CRC during carcinogenesis. Compared with solitary cancer patients, synchronous cases exhibited multiple extra-colonic cancers (P = 0.012), coexistence of adenoma (P = 0.012), microsatellite instability (P = 0.024), and less glucose transporter 1 (P = 0.037). Aberrant miRNA expression profiles could potentially be used as a diagnostic tool for synchronous CRC. Our findings represent the first comprehensive miRNA and snoRNA expression signatures for synchronous CRC, implicating that the miRNAs and snoRNAs may present therapeutic targets for synchronous CRC.     

Tumour-derived exosomes promote the induction of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by delivering miR-106a-5p and miR-146a-5p in multiple myeloma

The shift of the tumour immune microenvironment to a suppressive state promotes not only the development and progression of the disease in multiple myeloma (MM) but also the development of resistance to immunotherapy. We previously demonstrated that myeloma cells can induce monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) from healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via the concomitant secretion of CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), but an unknown mediator also promotes M-MDSC induction. This study demonstrates that miR-106a-5p and miR-146a-5p delivered by tumour-derived exosomes (TEXs) from myeloma cells play essential roles in M-MDSC induction in MM. MiR-106a-5p and miR-146a-5p upregulate various immunosuppressive/inflammatory molecules in PBMCs, such as IDO1, CD38, programmed death-ligand 1, CCL5 or MYD88, which are involved in interferon (IFN)-α response, IFN-γ response, inflammatory response, tumour necrosis factor-α signalling and Interleukin-6-JAK–STAT3 signalling. These molecular features mirror the increases in myeloid cellular compartments of PBMCs when co-cultured with myeloma cells. MiR-106a-5p and miR-146a-5p have a compensatory relationship, and these two miRNAs collaborate with CCL5 and MIF to promote M-MDSC induction. Collectively, novel therapeutic candidates may be involved in TEX-mediated sequential cellular and molecular events underlying M-MDSC induction, potentially improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.