脑卒中偏瘫患者非瘫痪侧下肢与正常人下肢本体感觉比较

目的:定量分析脑卒中偏瘫患者非瘫痪侧下肢与正常人下肢本体感觉之间的差异。方法:选用意大利Tecnobody公司Pro-Kin254P型本体感觉定量测试系统,采集28例脑卒中偏瘫患者非瘫痪侧下肢和30例正常人双下肢的本体感觉测试参数,主要观察指标为平均轨迹误差(ATE)、测试执行时间(TTE)和稳定指数(SI)。结果:①脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧下肢平均轨迹误差、测试执行时间及稳定指数与正常组相应侧下肢比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);②右半球损伤患者同侧下肢本体感觉差于左半球损伤者,除测试执行时间指标外差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05);③正常组左下肢本体感觉参数优于右下肢,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④平均轨迹误差与测试执行时间呈中度负相关(r=-0.550,P=0.002)。结论:脑卒中偏瘫患者不仅患侧下肢存在功能障碍,其非瘫痪侧下肢与正常人相比也存在差异,且右半球损伤患者下肢本体感觉差于左半球损伤者,因此脑卒中后健侧下肢功能状况不容忽视。     

脑卒中患者下肢关节运动对步行能力影响的三维运动学研究

目的：通过对脑卒中患者下肢运动的三维运动学分析，比较分析偏瘫步态下肢关节运动变化与其步行能力(步速)之间的关系，探讨偏瘫患者下肢异常运动影响其步行能力恢复的量化指标。方法：选择中山大学附属第一医院神经内科和康复医学科住院的首次脑卒中后可以安全独立步行10m以上的单侧偏瘫患者39例，排除其他影响步行能力的神经肌肉和骨关节疾病等因素；采用远红外线三维步态分析系统进行步态检测与分析，对偏瘫步态的下肢关节运动学参数与其步行能力(步速)进行相关分析，分别观测在P&;lt;0．05水平和P&;lt;0．01水平是否显著相关。结果：脑卒中患者的步行能力与患侧髋、膝关节活动度之间的相关均有统计学意义(R=0．524，P=0．003；R=0．518，P=0．004)，尤其与患侧髋关节伸展和膝关节最大屈曲角度之间的相关有显著统计学意义(R=0．745．P=0．000；R=0．643，P=0．000)；其步行能力与髋关节伸展角度患侧与健侧运动比率(R=0．541)及膝关节活动度患侧与健侧运动比率(R=0．432)的相关也均有统计学意义(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：脑卒中患者下肢伸髋、屈膝异常及其患侧与健侧运动比率不对称是影响正常步态恢复的主要原因，提示下肢髋、膝关节控制性训练应是改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的重要方法之一。     

脑卒中早期双侧下肢康复管理对步态及下肢运动功能的疗效观察

目的观察脑卒中早期双侧下肢运动康复管理对改善偏瘫步态及下肢运动功能的临床效果。方法将300例脑卒中患者按随机数字表分为观察组150例和对照组150例。两组均进行运动康复治疗,对照组采用常规健侧康复治疗,观察组采用两侧下肢交替运动和姿势管理康复疗法。在康复训练前后对患者进行FAC评分和Fugl-Meyer评分,治疗1个月后测定患者的步行参数,对两组患者治疗前后的评分进行比较,对治疗后的步行参数进行组间比较,并且分析步行参数和两种评分的相关性。结果两组患者治疗后的FAC评分和Fugl-Meyer评分均显著高于治疗前,治疗后两组患者的评分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后的步行参数,观察组相比于对照组在患侧步长上显著提高,在步宽和左右步幅差上显著下降,相对于对照组,观察组10 m步行速度所用时间显著下降,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,观察组在步行参数与两项评分的相关性高于对照组,其中患侧步长与评分呈现正相关,步宽、左右步幅差、10 m步行速度呈负相关。结论双侧下肢康复管理对脑卒中患者的偏瘫步态和运动功能恢复具有良好的临床效果。     

肌力训练对偏瘫步态的影响及下肢功能评定与步态分析间的相关性

目的　本文探讨了偏瘫患者在恢复期行患肢膝关节屈伸肌群肌力训练的效果 ,以及下肢功能评定与步态分析之间的相关性。方法　 5 0例脑卒中患者随机分为观察组 ( 30例 )和对照组 ( 2 0例 ) ,二组患者康复训练相同 ,观察组患者在恢复期增加患肢股四头肌、绳肌肌力训练。治疗前后分别采用Fugl Meyer法、Barthel指数法及足印法对二组患者下肢功能及步态进行分析。结果　观察组患者步态较对照组明显改善 (P<0 .0 1)、运动功能与活动能力显著提高 (P <0 .0 1)。步态的对称性与下肢运动功能、平衡功能显著相关 (r =-0 .79,-0 .71、P <0 .0 1) ,与活动能力无关 (r =-0 .2 1,P >0 .0 5 ) ;步速与下肢运动功能、平衡功能、活动能力均显著相关 (r =0 .80、0 .78、0 .76 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　偏瘫患者在恢复期行患肢膝屈伸肌群肌力训练有助于运动功能提高、步态改善 ;通过足印法步态分析可初步了解下肢步行能力。     

脑卒中患者下肢关节运动对步行能力影响的三维运动学研究

目的:通过对脑卒中患者下肢运动的三维运动学分析,比较分析偏瘫步态下肢关节运动变化与其步行能力(步速)之间的关系,探讨偏瘫患者下肢异常运动影响其步行能力恢复的量化指标。方法:选择中山大学附属第一医院神经内科和康复医学科住院的首次脑卒中后可以安全独立步行10m以上的单侧偏瘫患者39例,排除其他影响步行能力的神经肌肉和骨关节疾病等因素;采用远红外线三维步态分析系统进行步态检测与分析,对偏瘫步态的下肢关节运动学参数与其步行能力(步速)进行相关分析,分别观测在P<0.05水平和P<0.01水平是否显著相关。结果:脑卒中患者的步行能力与患侧髋、膝关节活动度之间的相关均有统计学意义(R=0.524,P=0.003;R=0.518,P=0.004),尤其与患侧髋关节伸展和膝关节最大屈曲角度之间的相关有显著统计学意义(R=0.745,P=0.000;R=0.643,P=0.000);其步行能力与髋关节伸展角度患侧与健侧运动比率(R=0.541)及膝关节活动度患侧与健侧运动比率(R=0.432)的相关也均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者下肢伸髋、屈膝异常及其患侧与健侧运动比率不对称是影响正常步态恢复的主要原因,提示下肢髋、膝关节控制性训练应是改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的重要方法之一。     

姿势对脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移下肢负重及稳定性的影响

目的:探讨不同的四肢体位对脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移下肢负重及稳定性的影响。方法:选取30例脑卒中偏瘫患者为实验组,30例正常人为对照组,两组受试者均在4种肢位下完成站-坐转移,对受试者完成站-坐转移的时间、双下肢负重、人体重心点在冠状面上的最大摆动幅度(COGX)进行比较。结果:不同上肢体位下脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移的所需时间、下肢负重及COGX的差异不显著(0.05P0.1)。不同足位下脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移的时间、下肢负重及COGX有差异,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05);患足置后,脑卒中偏瘫患者完成站-坐转移时双下肢负重的不对称性要明显小于健足置后(P0.05);而当健足置后时,脑卒中偏瘫患者完成站-坐转移的稳定性要明显优于患足置后(P0.05)。正常人在不同四肢体位下其站-坐转移的时间、下肢负重及COGX均无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:不同上肢体位对脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移的稳定性及下肢负重无明显影响;不同足位能显著影响脑卒中偏瘫患者站-坐转移时稳定性及下肢负重,患足置后可视为一种潜在提高患侧下肢功能的训练方法。     

下肢外骨骼康复机器人对偏瘫患者步态参数的影响

目的:探索下肢外骨骼康复机器人对偏瘫患者步态时空参数的影响。方法:选取偏瘫患者30例,机器人组:15例患者除日常训练外还需每日穿戴外骨骼机器人训练1h,对照组:15例患者进行日常康复训练。从两种角度对患者步态及康复效果进行分析:一是利用SPSS软件对机器人组患者的助力等级数据进行分析,通过配对样本t检验的方法比较患者首末次的康复状态。二是采用IDEEA~?运动捕捉系统对包括步速、步频、步行周期等步态时空参数进行采集,分析患者首末次评估的数据差异。结果:与不穿下肢外骨骼机器人行走相比,机器人组患侧助力等级明显降低,步速明显变快,支撑相时间明显减短,具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:下肢外骨骼康复机器人能够有效改善偏瘫患者步态。     

虚拟现实同步减重训练脑梗死患者可改善下肢运动功能

背景：脑卒中患者多有步行功能障碍,虚拟现实同步减重训练开始运用于脑梗死患者的步态训练。 目的：评估虚拟现实同步减重训练对亚急性期脑梗死患者下肢运动功能的影响。 方法：20例起病3个月内的脑梗死患者随机分配至实验组（虚拟现实同步减重训练）和常规组（常规物理治疗）。在3周步态训练前后各做一次三维步态并进行下肢运动功能评估。对以下参数进行训练前后组内和组间对比：步行速度、步调、步行时间、单腿支撑时间（%）、双腿支撑时间（%）、摆动时间、步长、步幅、下肢各关节活动度、功能性步行分类、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分和Brunel平衡评分。 结果与结论：训练前两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、偏瘫侧、步行速度、功能性步行分类、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分和Brunel平衡评分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。训练后两组患者的下肢Fugl-Meyer评分和功能性步行分类均有改善（P〈0.05）。实验组在步行速度、步调、患侧步行时间、健侧步行时间、患侧单腿支撑时间、患侧摆动时间、健侧摆动时间、步幅、患侧步长和健侧步长的改善方面较常规组有优势。     

三维运动解析系统测试脑卒中偏瘫步态的运动学定量评价

背景:近年来兴起的三维运动解析技术,可获得多项行走过程中的生物力学参数,代表了目前步态生物力学研究的先进水平.目前该技术在国外开展较多,而国内则较少.国内有限的研究主要集中在对偏瘫患侧下肢矢状面上运动的分析.目的:对偏瘫患者步行运动进行三维立体运动学分析,与正常步态对比,分析脑卒中偏瘫步态的运动学变化特征.方法:运用三维运动解析系统,对10例首发缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者进行步态分析,以10例健康者作为对照.检测健康对照组步行过程中的基本时空参数、步态周期参数与骨盆三维运动角度参数,并对其运动过程中的对称性进行分析.检测两组下肢髋、膝、踝关节的三维运动学角度参数,对比两组下肢关节运动在矢状面、横断面与冠状面上的变化特征.结果与结论:偏瘫步态表现出下肢运动膝关节屈曲受限,膝关节活动度减小.髋关节内收、旋内不足,外展与旋外角度增大.提示三维运动解析系统测试可测定偏瘫患者步行功能,定量评价偏瘫患者下肢关节运动变化,从而进行相应针对性的稳定性与协调性训练.     

下肢机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者三维步态分析系统测试结果的影响

目的以三维步态分析系统评价下肢机器人训练对偏瘫患者步行能力的改善作用。方法前瞻性选取襄阳市中心医院2016年5月至2018年5月期间康复科收治的80例脑卒中偏瘫患者,以随机数表法分为机器人组、对照组各40例。均给予康复治疗,期间对照组给予常规步态纠正训练,机器人组在此基础上应用下肢机器人进行步行训练。治疗前和治疗两个疗程(4周为一个疗程)后应用tma三维步态分析系统测试所有患者步行能力,包括步态时空参数、步态时相参数、下肢关节活动度、地面反作用力峰值等。结果三维步态分析显示,治疗前两组步态时空参数、步态时相参数、下肢关节活动度、地面反作用力峰值等无统计学差异(P 0. 05),治疗后各项参数、关节活动角度、地面反作用力均显著改善(P 0. 05);但与对照组相比,治疗后机器人组步速、步频、跨步长显著高,步宽明显小(P 0. 05),患侧下肢支撑期百分比明显高,健侧与患侧支撑期比值、双支撑期百分比明显低(P 0. 05),最大髋关节、膝关节屈伸角度与最大踝关节背屈跖屈角度明显大(P 0. 05),向前地面、垂直地面反作用力峰值占体重百分比明显高(P 0. 05)。结论步态纠正训练基础上应用下肢机器人进行步行训练可有效改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力,且三维步态分析可作为疗效的客观评价工具。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.