结肠癌伴肠梗阻的临床治疗

目的探讨结肠癌伴肠梗阻的外科处理方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年5月间66例结肠癌伴肠梗阻的临床资料。结果 66例患者中,30例右半结肠癌伴梗阻患者采取Ⅰ期切除吻合术,24例左半结肠伴梗阻患者行Ⅰ期切除吻合术,10例患者行Ⅰ期切除近端造瘘,远端关闭术,2例患者行单纯横结肠造瘘。术后有62例患者康复出院,3例患者自动出院,1例患者转上级医院再次手术痊愈。结论手术治疗结肠癌继发急性肠梗阻临床疗效明显,Ⅰ期切除吻合手术治疗右半结肠癌伴梗阻是可行的,预后良好,值得临床推广。左半结肠癌伴梗阻则需要根据术中的情况采取个性化的治疗原则。     

Management of symptoms due to inoperable bowel obstruction

Bowel obstruction is a common and distressing outcome in patients with abdominal or pelvic cancer. Although surgery should be the primary treatment for malignant obstruction, it is now recognized that some patients with advanced disease or in generally poor condition are unfit for surgery and require alternative management to relieve distressing symptoms. A number of treatment options are now available for the patient with advanced and terminal cancer who develops intestinal obstruction. Medical measures such as analgesics, anti-secretory drugs and antiemetics may be used alone or in combination to relieve symptoms.     

Management of intestinal obstruction in the patient with ovarian cancer

Intestinal obstruction in the patient with ovarian cancer is a difficult situation for both patient and physician. In women presenting with ovarian cancer, obstruction is almost never complete. These women should undergo aggressive bowel surgery only if it is part of an optimal surgical cytoreduction. Women known to have ovarian cancer who develop intestinal obstruction have a poor prognosis: Few will live more than a year from the time of obstruction. Some, however, have an excellent performance status, and would be relatively unimpaired were it not for their obstruction. These women, who usually have a discrete obstruction and still display some response to chemotherapy, may benefit from surgical correction of the obstruction. Women who are not candidates for surgery can be effectively palliated pharmacologically so that they are comfortable with the obstruction, often without intestinal drainage. Algorithms are available to assist in the management of ovarian cancer patients with obstruction, but ultimately the treatment decision rests with the patient. The oncologist must use his or her knowledge and clinical judgment to help the patient develop an appropriate, individualized plan.     

结直肠癌腹腔镜手术患者术后肠梗阻发生率及影响因素分析

目的分析腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌后的肠梗阻发生率并探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性分析北京市第一中西医结合医院2010年3月至2018年9月收治的923例接受腹腔镜根治术的结直肠癌患者的资料。计算患者术后肠梗阻发生率,并按照其肠梗阻发生情况,将患者分为梗阻组和未梗阻组,比较两组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者术后肠梗阻的因素。结果923例患者中有45例术后30 d内发生肠梗阻,占488％,为梗阻组;未梗阻组878例。两组患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、手术方式、吸烟史、术前低蛋白血症及腹部手术史比较差异均有统计学意义。Logistic多因素回归分析示年龄≥65岁、男性、直肠肿瘤、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、术中中转开腹、术前低蛋白血症是影响结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术后发生肠梗阻的独立危险因素。结论结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术后肠梗阻的发生受患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、TNM分期、手术方式及术前合并症等多种因素影响。     

Bowel obstruction in cancer patients: Performance status as a predictor of survival

Ninety-five patients with known cancer who developed bowel obstruction were reviewed in an effort to evaluate the reliability of preadmission performance status as a predictor of outcome of therapy. Based on the review, a number of conclusions can be reached. Performance status, which is more easily measured than stage of disease at admission, is correlated with successful resolution of obstruction and survival. Many patients with known cancer who develop bowel obstruction have a non-malignant cause of obstruction. Prolonged nonoperative treatment of cancer patients with bowel obstruction is unlikely to be successful and is fraught with complications.     

老年梗阻性大肠癌的外科治疗

目的:研究老年梗阻性大肠癌的外科治疗。方法:回顾性分析2007年7月至2014年7月45例老年梗阻性大肠癌患者的临床资料。结果:所有患者中1例因并发心梗死亡,切口感染6例,吻合口漏2例,肺部感染5例,心脑血管并发症5例,肠道内出血3例。手术方式对于术后并发症的影响差异无显著性,而年龄、梗阻情况及蛋白水平对术后并发症影响有显著性差异。结论:老年大肠癌手术治疗效果良好。     

Ileus bei Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Malignomen

Intestinal obstruction in patients with malignant gynaecological tumours is a common complication. Bowel obstruction occurs as a result of complex pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapy (surgery and chemotherapy) and is associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The incidence is higher in patients with advanced gynaecological cancer. Due to heterogeneous patient populations and variability of causes, therapeutic strategies are not standardized; therefore, treatment of intestinal obstruction in these patients is often a surgical challenge.     

Onkologische Patienten mit einem Ileus

In patients with a history of cancer the etiology of ileus is heterogeneous. Bowel obstruction may be caused by benign adhesion or severe generalized carcinomatosis. Approximately 40% of patients with intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal (e.g. breast cancer) malignancies will develop malignant bowel obstruction. The appropriate therapy of cancer patients with ileus can be difficult and should be managed by interdisciplinary cooperation. Benign reasons of bowel obstruction have to be operated immediately. Palliative care of patients with carcinomatosis must be tailored to the individual need of the patient. There are multiple treatment options. Palliative care selects ideally between operative, interventional or medical options that will maximize quality of life and minimize complications.     

超选择性动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗大肠癌所致机械性肠梗阻的效果分析#br#

目的探讨超选择性动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗大肠癌所致机械性肠梗阻的效果及安全性。方法选取2019年1月至12月在右江民族医学院附属医院肿瘤科住院的大肠癌所致机械性梗阻患者26例,均行超选择性动脉灌注化疗栓塞术,分析肠梗阻治疗显效率、显效时间及安全性。结果26例患者均顺利完成超选择性动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗,其中经肠系膜上动脉超选择灌注化疗栓塞8例,经肠系膜下动脉超选择灌注化疗栓塞17例,经骶正中动脉超选择灌注化疗栓塞1例;经治疗后,肠梗阻缓解24例,显效率92.3%（24/26）,其中完全缓解20例（76.9%）,部分缓解4例（15.4%）;无效2例（7.7）,其中肠梗阻加重1例,进展为绞窄性肠梗阻1例。肠梗阻缓解的显效时间为11～63 h,平均（30.2±10.4）h。结论经动脉超选择灌注化疗栓塞术治疗大肠癌所致机械性肠梗阻的效果好且安全,患者可接受性强。     

梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗现状与争议

结直肠癌是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤。结直肠癌合并梗阻的概率达20%,其中有70%发生在左半结肠。针对梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗目前未达成共识。面对恶性梗阻患者,临床通常选择紧急手术或者自体膨胀性金属支架植入后择期手术。紧急手术可及时切除肿瘤,但是却带来高死亡率和并发症率;金属支架植入极大降低了危险并发症的概率,但是对远期预后的改善并没有明显提高。而选择手术时又面临分期手术还是一期肠切除吻合术的抉择,分期手术患者花费高,一期肠切除吻合术吻合口瘘风险高。如何选择最有利于患者的治疗方式取决于外科医生的临床决策能力,同时也需要开展更多的多中心临床研究。本文就梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗现状与争议进行综述。      

老年急性结肠癌性肠梗阻的外科治疗体会

目的探讨老年急性结肠癌性肠梗阻手术治疗的有关问题。方法回顾分析1994年1月至1999年6月48例老年急性结肠癌性肠梗阻的手术处理。结果26例行急诊手术。48例中21例根治性切除，25例姑息性切除，2例旁路手术。术后并发症17例，围手术期死亡13例(27.1%)。结论必要的术前准备、合并症及术后并发症的防治、围手术期营养支持是提高老年急性结肠癌性肠梗阻手术功率的关键。     

Management of bowel obstruction in advanced and terminal cancer patients

Background: Bowel obstruction is a common and distressing outcomein patients with abdominal or pelvic cancer. Patients and methods: Patients may develop bowel obstructionat any time in their clinical history, with an incidence rangingfrom 5.5% to 42% in ovarian carcinoma and from 10% to 28.4%in colorectal cancer. The causes of the obstruction may be benignpostoperative adhesions, a focal malignant or benign deposit,relapse or diffuse carcinomatosis. The symptoms which are almostalways present are intestinal colic (reported in 72%–76%of patients), abdominal pain due to distension, hepatomegalyor tumor masses (in 92% of patients) and vomiting (68%–100%)of cases. Conclusion: While surgery must remain the primary treatmentfor malignant obstruction, it is now recognised that there isa group of patients with advanced disease or poor general conditionwho are unfit for surgery and require alternative managementto relieve distressing symptoms. A number of treatment optionsare now available for the patient with advanced cancer who developsintestinal obstruction. In this review of the literature, theindications for surgery will be examined, the use of nasogastrictube and percutaneous gastrostomy evaluated and the place ofdrugs for symptom control described. bowel obstruction, advanced and terminal cancer patients     

Prospective multicentre study of a new bowel obstruction treatment in colorectal surgery: Reduced morbidity and mortality

IntroductionBowel obstruction patients are at increased risk of emergency surgery and have poor nutritional and physical conditions. These patients could benefit from prehabilitation and prevention of emergency surgery. This study assessed the effect of a multimodal obstruction treatment for bowel obstruction patients in colorectal surgery on the risk of emergency surgery and postoperative morbidity and mortality.Materials and methodsThis multicenter observational cohort study included all consecutive bowel obstruction patients who received obstruction treatment (obstruction protocol) in the period 2019–2020 in two Dutch hospitals. Benign and malignant causes of bowel obstruction were included. Treatment consisted of 1. dietary adjustments, 2. postponing surgery for three weeks, 3. laxatives, and 4. prehabilitation. We compared emergency surgery and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates to known rates from the literature.ResultsEighty-nine patients were included: obstruction treatment was successful in 77 patients (87%) who underwent elective surgery and unsuccessful in 12 patients (13%) who underwent emergency surgery. Sixty-six (74%) had colorectal cancer, and 22 (25%) had benign disease. Thirty-day mortality of 0% in our study was significantly lower than the national average of 4% in colorectal cancer patients in the Netherlands (p = 0.049). Anastomotic leakage rate was 3%, severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) 8%, and bowel perforation 0%. These rates did not differ significantly from rates reported in literature.ConclusionThe obstruction treatment prevented emergency surgery in most patients with bowel obstruction and reduced postoperative morbidity and mortality. The obstruction treatment seems to be a safe and efficient alternative to emergency surgery.     

宫颈癌根治性放疗后复发并肠梗阻高危体质患者的手术理念及技巧

目的探讨宫颈癌根治性放疗后复发并肠梗阻高危体质患者肠梗阻的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2018年5月就诊于河南省肿瘤医院、行手术治疗的10例宫颈癌根治性放疗后肿瘤复发、伴高危虚弱体质肠梗阻患者的临床资料,分析患者术前放疗剂量、体质、梗阻情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后患者消化道通畅效果和饮食情况。10例宫颈癌患者均为根治性放疗后肿瘤复发合并肠梗阻,自立行走活动障碍。结果10例患者的中位禁食时间为21 d,中位体重为35.5 kg,中位体质指数为13.3 kg/m^2,中位血红蛋白值为67 g/L,中位血小板值为44×10^9/L。10例患者均行肠造口,中位手术时间为6.0 min,中位出血量为5.0 ml。术后10例患者造口均排便,术后1 d进流食,术后5 d均能自立行走。结论对于宫颈癌根治性放疗后复发的高危体质肠梗阻患者,尽管体质极度虚弱,如果治疗策略及手术方法得当,部分患者仍有机会解除肠梗阻。     

The Use of Lanreotide Autogel? in the Treatment of Intestinal Obstruction in a Patient with Adenocarcinoma

Intestinal obstruction is a common complication in patients with advanced abdominal or pelvic cancer. The synthetic somatostatin analogue octreotide can help relieve nausea, vomiting and pain in patients with inoperable obstruction. Here, we report a case of recurrent intestinal obstruction in a patient with adenocarcinoma. Although the obstruction was resolved after 3 days of treatment with octreotide, new episodes of obstruction occurred, resulting in a delay of the chemotherapy treatment. After 3 episodes of obstruction, we initiated treatment with a longer-acting somatostatin analogue, lanreotide Autogel® 120 mg, administered once every 4 weeks. The treatment with lanreotide Autogel is being continued, allowing for continuation of the chemotherapy without further episodes of intestinal subocclusion or obstruction. Until November 2013, the patient received eighteen 4-weekly injections of lanreotide Autogel and did not report side effects. This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of intestinal obstruction with lanreotide Autogel in a patient with adenocarcinoma.Key words: Intestinal obstruction, Adenocarcinoma, Somatostatin analogue, Lanreotide Autogel®     

乙状结肠癌并发恶性肠梗阻处理的临床决策讨论

  目的  乙状结肠癌并发恶性肠梗阻是结肠癌治疗过程中一个潜在且棘手的临床问题,本文旨在探索乙状结肠癌恶性肠梗阻综合治疗的策略和经验。  方法  回顾和报告北京大学肿瘤医院1例乙状结肠癌并发恶性肠梗阻的综合治疗过程。  结果  晚期转移性乙状结肠癌合并肠梗阻时以支持治疗为主,支持手段有肠梗阻导管置入或肠道支架置入,通过合理的支持治疗缓解急性肠梗阻,提供更安全的手术时机及抗肿瘤综合治疗的机会。营养支持治疗是恶性肠梗阻及抗肿瘤治疗贯穿全程的关键部分,是患者治疗获益的基础保障。  结论  肿瘤原发灶导致的恶性肠梗阻可通过肠梗阻导管、肠道支架缓解肠梗阻及完善肠道准备,后择期行手术切除解决梗阻因素。肠道支架的置入在恶性结肠癌肠梗阻中推荐,但需把握适应证及医疗条件以恰当选择。      

胰腺癌:姑息性支架术治疗

Pancreatic cancer remains a common and very lethal malignancy with a median survival of approximately 6 months. Surgical resection offers the only potentially curative approach but many patients （80% or more） are ineligible for this kind of therapy, because of age, comorbidities, or locally advanced or metastatic disease that does not benefit from resection. Thus, for many patients with pancreatic cancer treatment remains palliative and endoscopic therapy to relieve bile duct or gastric outlet obstruction becomes of special importance. Although both surgical and non surgical palliative procedures can relieve biliary and duodenal obstruction particularly endoscopic treatment with plastic prostheses or self expanding metal stents was shown to be not only highly effective but also to be burdened with only few complications. The present article summarizes the palliative endoscopic treatment in patients with non resectable pancreatic cancer.     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗效果。方法选取2009年3月至2012年3月间收治的大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病例76例,对其临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析。结果76例患者经外科治疗后,并发症的发生率为15．8％,围术期死亡率为2．6％,随访1年的生存率为92．1％,随访3年的生存率为64．5％。结论对大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者实施外科手术治疗时应遵循患者个体差异,给予有针对性的治疗手段,提高治愈率,减轻患者的痛苦。     

Pancreatic cancer–Palliative therapy: stenting

Pancreatic cancer remains a common and very lethal malignancy with a median survival of approximately 6 months. Surgical resection offers the only potentially curative approach but many patients (80% or more) are ineligible for this kind of therapy, because of age, comorbidities, or locally advanced or metastatic disease that does not benefit from resection. Thus, for many patients with pancreatic cancer treatment remains palliative and endoscopic therapy to relieve bile duct or gastric outlet obstruction becomes of special importance. Although both surgical and non surgical palliative procedures can relieve biliary and duodenal obstruction particularly endoscopic treatment with plastic prostheses or self expanding metal stents was shown to be not only highly effective but also to be burdened with only few complications. The present article summarizes the palliative endoscopic treatment in patients with non resectable pancreatic cancer.     

左半结肠癌急性肠梗阻的一期切除27例报告

目的　研究 2 7例左半结肠癌急性肠梗阻治疗中一期切除的价值。方法　对 2 7例因左半结肠癌引起急性肠梗阻的病例行一期切除。结果　 74%(2 0 / 2 7)的患者行左半结肠切除术 ,11%(3/ 2 7)行次全大肠切除术 ,其余 15 %(4/ 2 7)行Hartmann’s术。 2 7例患者均痊愈出院 ,无一例死亡 ,切口感染 2例占 7 4 %(2 / 2 7) ,无吻合口瘘发生。结论　一期手术能一并解除梗阻和治疗肿瘤 ,并保持肠道的连续性 ,同时减少手术创伤和缩短住院时间。