重度颅脑损伤术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效分析

目的探讨急性重度颅脑损伤患者术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效。方法 2014年12月-2017年12月,我院行标准大骨瓣减压术的重型颅脑损伤患者356例,依据术中有无采用阶梯式减压技术,随机分成两组:阶梯式减压组(n=187),传统减压组(n=169),观察两组患者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后6个月时GOS评分并行统计分析。结果阶梯式减压组急性脑膨出以及迟发性血肿的发生率低于传统减压组(P 0.05);阶梯式减压组术后6个月时预后好于传统减压组(P 0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤患者术中采用阶梯式减压技术能够降低围术期并发症的发生,并能改善患者预后。     

重型颅脑损伤术中脑膨出多种处理方法的回顾性分析

目的总结重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的合理的处理方法。方法回顾性分析1997年7月至2007年7月123例术中出现急性脑膨出的重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料。结果术中出现急性脑膨出时于对侧开颅减压及双侧平衡开颅减压患者的预后远比术后复查CT再于对侧开颅减压患者的预后好,行单侧大骨瓣减压及脑叶切除加单侧大骨瓣减压患者的预后较差。结论重型颅脑损伤患者术中出现急性脑膨出时应积极于对侧开颅减压。     

重度颅脑损伤术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效分析

目的 探讨急性重度颅脑损伤患者术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效。方法 2014年12月-2017年12月,我院行标准大骨瓣减压术的重型颅脑损伤患者356例,依据术中有无采用阶梯式减压技术,随机分成两组：阶梯式减压组（n=187）,传统减压组（n=169）,观察两组患者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后6个月时GOS评分并行统计分析。结果 阶梯式减压组急性脑膨出以及迟发性血肿的发生率低于传统减压组（P<0.05）;阶梯式减压组术后6个月时预后好于传统减压组（P<0.05）。结论 重型颅脑损伤患者术中采用阶梯式减压技术能够降低围术期并发症的发生,并能改善患者预后。     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术不同手术操作比较

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的手术方法与效果。方法回顾性分析200例面肌痉挛的病例资料,均行显微血管减压术,按不同手术操作分为全程减压组(n=85)、监测减压组(n=66)和中枢段减压组(n=49)。结果全程减压组、监测减压组和中枢段减压组术后明显头痛率分别为28.2%、28.8%和12.2%,全程减压组与监测减压组比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),中枢段减压组与全程减压组以及监测减压组比较,具有显著性差异(P 0.05)。MVD术后1年疗效总体满意率分别为84.7%、90.9%和95.9%,监测减压组与全程减压组以及中枢段减压组比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),全程减压组与中枢段减压组比较,具有显著性差异(P 0.05)。结论面神经中枢段减压治疗面肌痉挛的总体效果优于全程减压,术中异常肌反应监测对中枢段减压的技术提高有指导作用。     

原发性三叉神经痛微血管减压术中困难减压的处理

目的 探讨原发性三叉神经痛（PTN）微血管减压术（MVD）出现困难减压的处理方法以及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年12月采用MVD治疗的408例PTN的临床资料。术中出现困难减压56例,常规减压352例。对于困难减压病人,综合采取包括安置腰大池引流、神经内镜辅助、扩大松解桥小脑角区蛛网膜粘连、经小脑水平裂-小脑桥脑裂入路解剖显露,以及“架桥”等方法妥善处理。结果 术后随访0.5~5年。常规减压组术后即刻缓解37例,延迟缓解14例,无效5例;困难减压组术后即刻缓解267例,延迟缓解62例,无效23例。常规减压组术后即刻缓解率（75.85%,267/352）与困难减压组（66.07%,37/56）无统计学差异（P>0.05）,常规减压组术后有效率（93.54%,329/352）与困难减压组（91.07%,51/56）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。常规减压组术后总并发症发生率（7.7%,27/352）与困难减压组（10.7%,16/56）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组均无手术死亡病例及严重后遗症。结论 PTN病人MVD中出现的困难减压并不是影响MVD疗效的决定性因素,只要术中处理得当,困难减压病人术后也可以取得很好的疗效。术前应熟悉和掌握常见的困难减压的应对方法,并且秉持适可而止的理念,减少手术并发症,可进一步提高手术疗效。     

双侧平衡去骨瓣治疗双瞳散大患者的救治经验

目的探讨双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术在治疗特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者中的作用。方法对我科2005年1月至2010年12月收治的58例特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大手术患者进行回顾性分析,其中2005年1月至2007年9月仅行病灶侧去骨瓣减压术30例(A组),2007年10月至2010年12月采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术28例(B组),分析并比较两组患者颅内压、预后及并发症情况。结果采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术者较仅对血肿侧去骨瓣减压者颅内压下降有统计学意义(P<0.01);死亡率及预后良好率均明显好于后者(P<0.05)。结论双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术可有效降低特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者的死亡率及急性脑膨出和脑梗死的发生率,并提高其生活质量。     

微血管减压治疗椎动脉复合体压迫导致的面肌痉挛

目的探讨椎动脉复合体压迫导致的面肌痉挛的微血管减压的术中策略。方法回顾性研究椎动脉复合体压迫类型的面肌痉挛患者(78例)的术中操作技巧,并随访术后1年后疗效。结果联合减压组面肌痉挛均消失,而直接减压组术后1例无效。结论对椎动脉复合体压迫类型的面肌痉挛先行椎动脉移位减压,后对直接责任血管进行减压可提高治愈率。     

神经血管减压术治疗老年三叉神经痛

目的:探讨神经血管减压术对老年三叉神经痛病人的治疗效果。方法:587例病人施行了神经血管减压术,手术采用局麻,耳后小切口开颅入路,用涤纶片行神经血管减压治疗,并对手术病人进行随访。结果:对587例病人行神经血管减压术,572例术后疼痛立即消失,12例疼痛减轻,有效率为99.5％。529例进行了6个月～10年随访,4例术后1～3年复发,3例无效,均经重新减压后疼痛即消失,其余病例未再有疼痛发生。结论:老年人三叉神经痛采取神经血管减压术治疗是一种安全、有效的方法。     

良性颅高压的视神经减压术

关于视神经减压术治疗视乳头水肿的方法和适应症,于1969年Davidsen和1973年Galbraith等已有记述。本文报道一种损伤较少的减压术入路和报告一例良性颅高压减压后,对侧视乳头水肿同时减轻的病例。病例报告: 43岁,女,因持续性头痛3年余和右眼阵发性     

改良大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤

标准大骨瓣减压术由于手术视野大、减压充分,对降低重型颅脑创伤患者病死率,尤其是难以控制的颅内高压性重型颅脑创伤患者,效果尤佳.山东省青岛市开发区第一人民医院2003-2007年采用改良大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤患者73例,与标准大骨瓣减压术比较,并发症发生率明显降低,结果报告如下.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.