Calcium phosphate bone cement: a possible alternative to autologous bone graft. A radiological and biomechanical comparison in rat tibial bone

Background  

Donor site morbidity is a problem after autologous bone transplantation. An injectable CaP bone cement indicates properties similar to bone.     

Large aneurysmal bone cyst of iliac bone in a female child: a case report

Background  

Symptomatic aneurysmal bone cysts in pediatric age group with an expansile lesion in ilium is a rare occurrence.     

Treatment of lower extremity long bone nonunion with expandable intramedullary nailing and autologous bone grafting

Background  

Nonunion of long bones in lower limbs is a common complication of orthopedic trauma that can be extremely debilitating. This retrospective study describes our experience using expandable intramedullary nails and autologous bone grafting in treating lower limb long bone nonunion with bone defects.     

Effect of implant surface roughness on bone fixation: the differences between bone and metal pegs

Background  

Pegs made from cortical bone are used to fix osteochondral fractures and osteochondral dissecans. This technique has many advantages, but it requires long-term immobilization. This study examined the effect of surface roughness on fixation with bone and metal pegs.     

The use of interconnected ��-tricalcium phosphate as bone substitute after curettage of benign bone tumours

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical and radiological outcome in patients after implantation of β-tricalcium phosphate as a bone graft substitute to fill the defects after curettage of benign bone tumours and tumour-like lesions.     

Autogenous bone peg fixation for osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow

Objectives  

Restoration of pain-free elbow function and prevention of osteoarthritis in patients with osteochondritis dissecans treated with autogenous bone peg fixation.     

Trabecular bone deficits among Vietnamese immigrants

Summary  

Compared to white women, lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in middle-aged Vietnamese immigrants is due to reduced trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), which in turn is associated with greater trabecular separation along with lower estrogen levels.     

Reduced cortical bone density with normal trabecular bone density in girls with Turner syndrome

Summary  

This study of 22 girls with Turner syndrome (TS) demonstrates a reduction in bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) at the femoral neck along with a reduction in cortical bone density at the radius (with sparing of trabecular bone). These findings may account for the increased fracture risk noted in this population.     

Fluorescence-guided surgery of prostate cancer bone metastasis

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) of prostate cancer experimental skeletal metastasis.

Materials and methods

Green fluorescent protein-expressing PC-3 human prostate cancer cells (PC-3-green fluorescent protein) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in 32 nude mice. After 2 wk, 16 of the mice underwent FGS; the other 16 mice underwent bright-light surgery (BLS). Half of BLS and FGS mice (8 mice in each group) received zoledronic acid (ZOL). Weekly fluorescence imaging of the mice was performed. Six weeks after surgery, metastases to lung and inguinal lymph node were evaluated by fluorescence imaging.

Results

The percentage of residual tumor after BLS and FGS was 9.9 ± 2.2% and 0.9 ± 0.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). FGS reduced recurrent cancer growth compared with BLS (P < 0.005). Although FGS alone had no significant effect on inguinal lymph node metastases, lung metastasis or disease-free survival (DFS), ZOL in combination with FGS significantly increased DFS (P = 0.01) in comparison with the combination of BLS and ZOL. ZOL reduced lymph node metastases (P = 0.033) but not lung metastasis.

Conclusions

FGS significantly reduced recurrence of experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis compared with BLS. The combination of FGS and ZOL increased DFS over BLS and ZOL. ZOL inhibited lymph node metastasis but not lung metastasis.     

Effects of calcium-fortified ice cream on markers of bone health

Summary  

Premenopausal women with low calcium intakes consumed calcium-fortified ice cream daily for 28 days. Bone markers, NTX, CTX and PTH decreased significantly by 7 days, with some evidence of a calcium dose-dependent effect. Bone marker responses were observed within 1 h of consuming ice cream. Body weight remained constant over 28 days.     

Roles of hyaluronan in bone resorption

Background  

Hyaluronan, an unsulfated glycosaminoglycan, while being closely linked to osteoclast function several years ago, has received little attention lately. Given recent new knowledge of hyaluronan's possible cell binding abilities, it is important to re-examine the role of this polysaccharide in bone homeostasis.     

Effects of risedronate on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal women

Summary  

Aminobisphosphonates promote osteoblastogenesis while inhibiting adipogenesis in vitro. Their effect on adipogenesis in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that risedronate prevents marrow fat infiltration in postmenopausal women after 3 years of treatment.     

Outcomes of immediate dental implants in vascularised bone flaps for mandibular reconstruction

Background

The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of immediate implant placement for dental rehabilitation following mandibular reconstruction with vascularised bone flaps in a single Australian tertiary cancer centre.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent immediate dental implant or delayed placement in vascularised bone flaps was performed. Primary outcome measures assessed included the number of implants placed, operative time, complication rates, time to radiotherapy initiation, dental rehabilitation rates and time to dental rehabilitation.

Results

In total, 187 dental implants were placed in 52 patients, of which 34 patients underwent immediate implant placement and 18 had delayed implant placement. There were no significant differences in the postoperative complication rate (32% immediate vs. 33% delayed, P = 0.89) or time to postoperative radiotherapy (median 42 days immediate vs. 47 days delayed, P = 0.24). Dental rehabilitation was achieved in 62% of the immediate cohort versus 78% of the delayed cohort. The time to be fitted with a dental prosthesis was significantly shorter in the immediate cohort (median 150 days immediate vs. 843 days delayed, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

The placement of immediate dental implants at the time of primary reconstruction of the mandible is a safe procedure and facilitates timely dental rehabilitation.     

Direct application of MR images to computer-assisted bone tumor surgery

Background  

We describe a method for the direct application of MR images to navigation-assisted bone tumor surgery as an alternative to CT–MRI fusion.     

Importance of bone mineral density measurements in evaluating fragility bone fracture risk in Asian Indian men

Summary  

We evaluated the effect of BMD on fracture risk prediction using FRAX? among Asian Indian men when used in conjunction with clinical risk factors. A majority of our subjects were either osteopenic or osteoporotic, and their fracture risk increased when FRAX? was used in conjunction with femur neck T-scores.     

The effect of weight training on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with bone loss: a 24-month randomized controlled trial

Summary  

This study examined whether 24 months of weight training exercises enhanced the effectiveness of risedronate, calcium, and vitamin D in maintaining or improving bone mineral density (BMD) in 223 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Subjects who were ≥50% adherent to exercise had no improvement in BMD but were less likely to lose BMD.     

War-related infected tibial nonunion with bone and soft-tissue loss treated with bone transport using the Ilizarov method

Patients and methods  

This single centre retrospective study reviews the outcomes of 30 war-injured patients with established infected tibial nonunion after sustaining grade IIIB open fractures. Patients were treated by radical bony and soft-tissue resection and bone transport using the Ilizarov bifocal technique, without the use of systemic antibiotics or bone grafting.     

High bone turnover in Irish professional jockeys

Summary  

Professional jockeys are routinely exposed to high impact trauma and sustain fractures frequently. We found that jockeys restrict their caloric intake in order to maintain regulation weights, and that bone turnover is high. There are significant health and safety implications for the racing industry.     

Healing of cavitary bone defects

Background  

It has been a retrospective review of healing of bone defects, due to benign tumours or tumour-like lesions. We evaluated the therapeutical outcome in patients after use of either autologous bone grafts, or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), or mixture of both components. We tried to find indications for β-TCP application.     

Proximal ulna endoprosthetic replacement for bone tumours in young patients

Purpose  

The optimal reconstructive method after resection of malignant bone tumours of the proximal ulna is unknown. We report the outcome of endoprosthetic replacement in a young patient population.