经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱骨转移癌

目的探讨经皮骨水泥注入椎体成形术治疗椎体转移癌的疗效。方法总结26例32椎体转移癌的治疗,采用单侧或双侧椎弓根入路,在数字减影血管造影DSA监视下注入骨水泥,量约4～10ml。结果26例采用经皮骨水泥注入椎体成形术均获成功。16例患者术后当日疼痛完全缓解,6例于术后2～3d疼痛消失,4例疼痛部分缓解,随访2～9个月,平均3.8个月无病椎疼痛加重,无病理骨折。结论经皮骨水泥注入椎体成形术是治疗椎体转移癌安全有效的姑息性方法。     

脊柱转移瘤放疗联合椎体成形术治疗的前瞻性研究

目的探讨放疗与椎体成形术联合治疗脊柱转移瘤的效果。方法随机将收治的椎体转移瘤患者中符合入组条件的123例分为3个组放疗组42例,椎体成形术组40例,放疗联合椎体成形术(联合治疗)组41例。放疗方案为20Gy分5次1周完成或30Gy分10次2周完成。椎体成形术是在CT引导下经皮穿刺,将骨水泥注射到患椎内。联合方案是在放疗或椎体成形术治疗后3d内,再给予另一疗法;先放疗者22例,后放疗者19例。疼痛缓解程度采用视觉模拟评分法判断,脊柱运动功能维持或较治疗前改善为有效。结果放疗、椎体成形术、联合治疗的有效率分别为78.5%、77.5%、100%,症状完全缓解率分别为31.0%、22.5%、58.5%,联合治疗疗效较前两者差异有显著性意义(χ2=20.22,P<0.05)。结论放疗、椎体成形术都是脊柱转移瘤有效的治疗手段,前者减轻肿瘤负荷,后者加固椎体,二者联合可进一步提高症状缓解率和完全缓解率,降低或防止另一种治疗的并发症,明显提高患者的生存质量。     

椎体成形术联合放疗减轻骨转移癌疼痛的疗效观察*

目的：比较椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP ）联合放疗与单纯放疗减轻骨转移癌疼痛的临床疗效。方法：收集2012年1 月至2014年6 月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院治疗的247 例骨转移癌疼痛患者纳入分析,其中放疗组患者158 例（放疗组）,PVP 联合放疗组患者89例（联合组）,主要观察指标是治疗前后疼痛评分、行为状态以及情绪变化情况,次要观察指标是治疗后的不良反应及并发症,并比较两组患者日常口服背景痛药物总量变化情况。使用SPSS17.0 分析统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料比较应用t 检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果：放疗组VAS 评分从治疗前的（8.12± 1.45）分下降到（3.06± 1.68）分（P < 0.05）,而联合组VAS 评分从治疗前的（8.46± 1.73）分下降到（2.45± 1.47）分（P < 0.05）;联合组起效时间为（1.63± 0.81）天,放疗组为（8.56±2.87）天（P < 0.001）;经过治疗,联合组爆发痛发生频率由之前（4.56± 1.98）次/ 日降至（1.57± 0.98）次/ 日（P < 0.05）,放疗组由（4.73±2.24）次/ 日降至（3.56± 1.56）次/ 日（P > 0.05）。 联合组患者治疗后行为状态较放疗组明显改善（χ2= 46.587,P < 0.001）。 与放疗组相比,联合组患者的抑郁、焦虑情绪有更好的改善。与治疗前比较,放疗组背景痛止痛药物用量增加（P < 0.05）,而联合组的背景痛止痛药物用量减少（P < 0.05）。 两组均未出现严重的不良反应及并发症。结论：CT引导下PVP 联合放疗可有效减轻骨转移癌疼痛,提高生活质量,值得临床推广。     

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with spinal epidural involvement

Cord compression was noted at presentation in 10 of 453 (2.2%) previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients seen at the Northern Israel Oncology Center between 1968 and 1983. A prodromal phase of local back pain occurred in eight patients, persisting up to 1 year, followed by a second phase of rapidly progressive signs of cord compression. Five of the ten patients presented with primary spinal epidural involvement (Stage IE), whereas the others had Stage IIE and IIIE (one patient each) and Stage IV, with bone and bone marrow involvement (three patients). All patients had unfavorable histologic diagnoses, mostly of the intermediate grade malignancy types according to the Working Formulation. The patients were treated by radiotherapy (two patients), chemotherapy (three patients), or both modalities (five patients). Seven of the ten patients achieved complete remission, but four of them have subsequently had relapses (two patients in bone, one in central nervous system, and one in mediastinum). The 5-year actuarial survival and 3-year relapse-free survival were 66% and 32%, respectively. Median survival has not been reached after a mean follow-up of 34 months. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with spinal epidural involvement at presentation is an aggressive disease. An intensive treatment combining irradiation with chemotherapy, and surgery as needed, is suggested in order to achieve good local response and long-term survival.     

Prediction of life expectancy in patients with spinal epidural metastasis

Background

The treatment of spinal epidural metastasis is multidisciplinary and usually involves a team of medical oncologists, radiologists, radiotherapists, and spinal surgeons. Life expectancy is one of the factors considered when deciding whether surgery is warranted. Because expert estimates of life expectancy are generally not reliable, a prediction model is needed. Here, we temporally validated a model that was previously validated geographically.

Methods

The records of 110 consecutive patients who were referred with a spinal epidural metastasis were collected prospectively from 2009 to 2013 in order to validate the model, which was published in 2011. The actual and estimated life expectancies were represented graphically, and calibration and discrimination were determined. The calibration slope, Harrell''s c-index, D, and RD2 were calculated. Hazard ratios in the derivation set of 2011 were compared with the validation set. Misspecification was determined using the joint test for β*.

Results

The calibration slope was 0.64 ± 0.15 (95% CI: 0.34–0.94), Harrell''s c-index was 0.72, D was 1.08, and RD2 was 0.22, indicating slightly worse discrimination in the derivation set. The joint test for β* = 0 was statistically significant and indicated misspecification; however, this misspecification was attributed entirely to the surgical group.

Conclusions

We validated a prediction model for surgical decision making, showing that the model''s overall performance is good. Based on these results, this model will help clinicians to decide whether to offer surgery to patients with spinal epidural metastasis.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移肿瘤的疗效观察分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 对60例椎体转移肿瘤患者的85个椎体进行椎体成形术,对每个患者术前、术后1周及术后半年分别进行VRS定性评估及VAS、SF-36的定量评估.结果 VRS评分显示术后1周疼痛缓解率为100%,VAS评分显示术后1周和术后半年的VAS评分明显低于术前（P〈0.01）,SF-36评分显示术后1周和术后半年的健康状况评分明显高于术前（P〈0.01）.结论 PVP手术治疗椎体转移肿瘤是安全、有效的,可以明显缓解患者的疼痛,提高患者的生活质量,在脊柱转移肿瘤患者的康复治疗中有一定应用价值.     

Treatment of epidural spinal cord involvement from germ cell tumors with chemotherapy

BACKGROUND:

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are chemosensitive, and epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) from GCT may be amenable to treatment with chemotherapy (CT) only. This retrospective study compares the clinical outcome of GCT patients with ESCC treated with CT or radiotherapy (RT) + CT.

METHODS:

All patients with a histologic diagnosis of GCT from 1984 to 2009 were included in this study. Patients with ESCC were identified. Age, clinical features, histology, treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The authors identified 1734 patients with GCT, of whom 29 (1.7%) had ESCC. The median age of these 29 patients was 32 years. The ESCC was treated with CT only in 16, RT + CT in 11, and 2 patients received palliative care only. The ESCC was more extensive in the RT + CT than the CT group. Patients who received RT + CT had a higher proportion of failed prior CT regimens, a higher percentage of nonseminomatous GCT, T‐spine involvement, multilevel epidural disease, and bony vertebral metastases. Median overall survival after diagnosis of ESCC was not reached for those treated with CT alone versus 15 months for those receiving RT + CT (P = .02). There was also a significant difference in survival in patients receiving first‐line therapy (n = 15), where median overall survival was not reached in the CT group (n = 11), compared with 22 months in the RT group (n = 4) (P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS:

GCTs rarely involve the epidural compartment. Patients with ESCC who are likely to have chemosensitive disease can receive CT alone as definitive treatment. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Pathogenesis of vertebral metastasis and epidural spinal cord compression

The authors have studied the sequential events in the process of vertebral metastasis that result in spinal cord compression. Different tumor cell lines were injected into the systemic arterial circulation of syngeneic or nude mice, and they were killed at timed intervals after injection or when they became paraplegic. The following observations were made. The tumor cells lodged and grew in the hematopoietic bone marrow of the vertebrae. Cancer cells in the vertebral marrow cavity invaded into the spinal canal through the foramina of the vertebral veins rather than destroying the cortical bone. Tumor cell lines that grew in an infiltrative fashion migrated toward a posterior location in the spinal canal, and compressed the spinal cord from a posterior direction. Tumor cell lines that grew as compact tumors formed a tumor mass at the same location from which the cells emerged from the vertebra, and compressed the cord predominantly from an anterior direction. Radiographic evidence of vertebral metastasis was a late event, and commonly associated with significant compression of the cord and extraosseous tumor. These experimental findings may help to establish better diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with metastatic disease of the spine.     

开放性减压内固定联合微波高温椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤

目的探讨开放性减压椎体成形联合微波高温疗法治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2011年1月间收治的29例行开放性椎管减压内固定联合病椎微波高温疗法椎体成形术的脊柱转移瘤患者资料,其中24例患者获得>1年的随访。观察患者术后内固定位置及骨水泥分布和渗漏情况,以疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Frankel分级评定患者疼痛缓解和神经功能的改善情况。结果 29例患者手术均顺利完成,未发生脊髓和神经根损伤情况。术后VAS评分较术前有明显改善(P<0.05);末次随访时Frankel分级:A级1例,B级4例,C级8例,D级7例,E级4例,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5例患者手术中出现骨水泥椎旁渗漏,但均无不适症状。随访过程中肿瘤无复发,椎体无骨折塌陷,内固定物无松动、断裂和移位。结论开放性椎管减压内固定联合病椎微波高温疗法椎体成形术可迅速减轻患者的疼痛症状,在有效维持脊柱序列的同时可充分解除脊髓压迫,是治疗脊柱转移瘤的有效术式。     

Spinal cord compression produced by osteomyelitis mimicking spinal epidural metastasis.

Spinal cord compression is a common neurological emergency. The causes of spinal cord compression may include primary or (more frequently) metastatic tumor, infections, trauma, and vertebral or intervertebral disc disease. In most instances the underlying etiology is known or easily ascertained. We present here three recent cases in which patients presented with spinal cord compression and lytic bone lesions suggesting metastatic cancer. In these cases, vertebral osteomyelitis was found to be the cause.     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型椎体骨折

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型胸腰椎骨折患者16例（21节椎体）。结果术后24h疼痛基本缓解，可下床活动15例，48h下床l例。经过6个月～2．5年，平均1年6个月的随访，全部病例腰痛症状均完全缓解，症状缓解率100％。椎体高度无再丢失，无骨水泥外漏造成神经压迫、肺栓塞等并发症。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗椎体无变形型骨折疗效良好，安全可靠。     

射频消融联合经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤的疗效观察

目的:探讨射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)联合经皮椎体成形术(radiofrequency ablation,PVP)治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年2月至2018年10月我院骨二科收治的76例脊柱转移瘤患者为研究对象。根据治疗方式不同将患者分为观察组(n=39例)和对照组(n=37例),对照组行经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗,观察组行PVP+RFA治疗。记录两组骨水泥渗漏率;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评估患者疼痛情况、卡氏功能状态评分(Karnofsky Performance Score,KPS)评价患者体能状态、脊柱肿瘤不稳定评分(Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score,SINS)评估脊柱稳定性情况;比较两组术后6个月肿瘤复发率;采用Kaplan-Meier法评估两组生存情况。结果:观察组骨水泥渗漏率低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后1月、3月、6月和12月VAS评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组术后1月、3月KPS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组术后1月、3月SINS评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后6月肿瘤复发率低于对照组(P＜0.05);Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,两组术后生存时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:PVP联合RFA治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效与单独PVP治疗相近,但PVP联合RFA治疗能更有效缓解疼痛,增强脊柱稳定性,减少骨水泥外渗及术后肿瘤复发。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗对多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛椎体高度及Cobb角的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗对多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛、椎体高度、Cobb角的影响。方法选取2009年1月至2014年9月间西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的28例多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者,给予经皮椎体成形术治疗,于术前、术后3d、6个月评估和比较患者疼痛程度、生活质量、椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度、Cobb角和术后并发症。结果与术前相比,术后3d、6个月患者视觉模拟疼痛评分及欧洲癌症治疗与研究组织评分均明显降低(均P<0.05);术后3d、6个月患者椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度均明显增高,Cobb角明显减少(P<0.05)。平均随访6个月,患者未出现骨水泥渗漏、血气胸等严重并发症。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗能够明显恢复多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者椎体高度及Cobb角,有效缓解疼痛,提高患者生活质量。     

经皮射频消融、椎体成形术治疗症状性胸、腰椎椎体血管瘤19例临床疗效观察

目的观察经皮射频消融、椎体成形术治疗椎体血管瘤的疗效。方法2006年9月至2007年12月19例椎体血管瘤患者应用经皮射频消融加椎体成形术治疗,随访3个月～1.7年,对患者的术前、术后即刻、1周、3个月、6个月、1.7年的JOA、VAS及Oswestry（2.0版本）评分进行比较。结果术后患者的胸、腰背痛症状明显缓解或消失,无复发,JOA评分术后即刻27±2分,较术前20±3分明显升高,VAS和Oswestry评分术前分别为7.8±1.2分和18±12分,术后即刻分别为1.8±0.6分和9±7分,较术前明显降低,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经皮射频消融加椎体成形术是治疗椎体血管瘤的有效方法。     

Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: update on management

Until recently, patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) were routinely treated with corticosteroids and radiotherapy (RT). However, major advances in imaging, recognition of new prognostic factors, and new techniques in RT and surgery have led to a number of management choices that need to be considered when treating a patient with MESCC. In our view, the management should be individualized taking into account many variables. We present here some of the advances we believe are among the most important. A historical background to the modern management of this condition is first presented.     

靶向椎体成形术在脊柱肿瘤切除术后脊柱重建中的应用

目的 探讨靶向椎体成形术在脊柱肿瘤切除术后脊柱重建中的临床应用.方法 选取2017年7月至2020年5月间陕西省杨凌示范区医院收治的84例脊柱肿瘤患者,采用随机抽签法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例.观察组患者采用靶向椎体成形术重建治疗,对照组患者采用传统全椎板切除术治疗,比较两组患者重建效果和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP...     

Development of a model with which to predict the life expectancy of patients with spinal epidural metastasis

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of spinal epidural metastasis is evolving. To be a surgical candidate, a patient should have a life expectancy of at least 3 months. Estimation of survival by experienced specialists has proven to be unreliable. METHODS: The Cox proportional hazards model was used to make a prediction model. To validate the model, Efron optimism correction by bootstrapping was performed. Retrospective data of patients treated for a spinal metastasis were used. Possible predictive factors were defined based on clinical experience and the literature. Statistical methods and clinical knowledge were also used to reveal an optimal set of predictors of survival. Data from patients treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology for spinal metastasis between 1998 and 2005 were evaluated. RESULTS: The case notes of 219 patients form the base of this study. In the final model, only 5 variables were required to predict the survival of a patient with spinal metastasis: sex, location of the primary lesion, intentional curative treatment of the primary tumor, cervical location of the spinal metastasis, and Karnofsky performance score. Examples with different predictors are given. The R(2) (N) index of Nagelkerke was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.28-0.48) and the c-index 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68-0.77). CONCLUSIONS: A reliable and simple model with which to predict the survival of a patient with spinal epidural metastasis is presented. Without the need for extensive investigations, survival can be predicted and only 5 easily obtainable parameters are required.