生物芯片在病原体检测中的应用

近几年发展起来的生物芯片技术为病原微生物检测提供了一种强有力的手段，现在，国内外利用生物芯片进行病原体检测研究的报道已不少，主要集中在病毒和细菌两个方面，如HIV、HCV、HCMV、分枝杆菌等，生物芯处在病原体检测中虽已发挥了一定的潜力，但有些方面仍需改进，不过，总的来说，生物芯片在病原体检测中的应用前景很广阔。     

生物芯片在病原体检测中的应用

近几年发展起来的生物芯片技术为病原微生物检测提供了一种强有力的手段。现在 ,国内外利用生物芯片进行病原体检测研究的报道已不少 ,主要集中在病毒和细菌两个方面 ,如HIV、HCV、HCMV、分枝杆菌等。生物芯片在病原体检测中虽已发挥了一定的潜力 ,但有些方面仍需改进 ,不过 ,总的来说 ,生物芯片在病原体检测中的应用前景很广阔     

生物芯片技术在临床病原菌检测中的新进展

生物芯片（Biochip）又称微阵列（Microarrav）技术，是近年来生命科学与微电子学等学科相互交叉发展起来的一门高新技犬，是随着人类基因组计划（HGP）的研究发展应运而生。根据芯片上的探针不同，可分为蛋白芯片和基因芯片，如果芯片上固定的分子是寡核苷酸探针或靶DNA，称为基因芯片，如果芯片上固定的是肽或蛋白，则称为肽芯片或蛋白芯片。目前生物芯片技术在临床病原菌、毒力基因、抗药性基因、致病因子的快速检测等方面已取得了突破性进展，显示出诱人的应用前景。     

生物芯片:转化医学中极具应用前景的工具

生物芯片因其可将许多不同的分析步骤,如样品制备、化学反应和分离检测等在单一器件上实现集成,现已成为生物医学研究和临床诊断中的重要分析工具.生物芯片种类较多,包括微流控芯片、微阵列芯片和生物电子芯片.本文阐述了生物芯片技术进展、临床应用和局限性以及技术展望.

Abstract：

Biochips have become important analytical tools in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics because they have the advantage to integrate many different analytical steps, such as sample preparation, chemical reactions, analytical separation, all on the same device. There are various types of biochips including microfluidic chips, microarray chips and bioelectronic chips. This article describes the progress of biochip technology, clinical applications and limitations, and technical outlook.     

什么是Evidence180系统？

答：RANDOX公司生产的Evidence 180系统是一台全自动生物芯片免疫分析仪。它可用于多种诊断标志物的定量检测。Evidence 180使用“生物芯片阵列技术”，用生物芯片作为平台，进行免疫测定的度量。测定反应在芯片表面完成，芯片被传送到分析仪内的各个处理位置进行处理。分析结束时会产生由化学发光反应生成的光，CCD照相机对其进行光强度测量，并换算成对应的浓度。     

免疫芯片研究的现状及未来

生物科学正迅速演变为一门信息科学 ,微型化分析系统正在对 2 1世纪的生命科学形成强有力的冲击 ,其中最有代表性的是生物芯片技术[1 4]。综观生物芯片的发展 ,以微阵列技术为基础的检测用生物芯片的发展最为迅速[5 7]。如基因微阵列检测芯片和蛋白质微阵列检测芯片[8 10 ]。基因芯片已广泛应用于生物基础研究及临床医学各领域。随着人类基因组计划测序工作的完成 ,即将进入后基因组时代 ,对更加复杂的蛋白质功能研究 ,迫切需要蛋白质芯片技术。免疫芯片 (immunochip)是一种特殊的蛋白质芯片 ,芯片上固定的蛋白质是特异性的抗体 (或抗原 ) …     

生物芯片技术及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

生物芯片技术又称微阵列技术，主要是指由数量众多的生物样品（DNA、蛋白质、组织细胞）密集排列于硅片、玻片、聚丙烯或尼龙膜等固相载体上，再由荧光或同位素标记的探针与之在严格条件下杂交，最后通过激光共聚焦显微镜等设备获取图像信息，经计算机分析处理获得大量信息的技术集合。其中含有大量生物样品的固相载体称为生物芯片，又称微阵列。根据储存生物样品的类型，可分为DNA芯片、蛋白质芯片和组织芯片三大类。生物芯片容纳的信息量大，可以一次性获得大量的数据并进行平行分析，在一个生物芯片上进行多样本的比较，可以排除一系…     

生物芯片在血液学中的应用

生物芯片技术是近年来发展的一类微量分析技术，具有快速、并行、多样、微型化和自动化的特点。本文对近年来生物芯片的制作过程及其在血液肿瘤发病机制、诊断、治疗研究中的应用进行综述。     

淋巴芯片技术及其应用研究进展

淋巴芯片是在基因芯片技术基础上发展起来的专门用于研究恶性淋巴瘤的生物芯片。本简要介绍了淋巴芯片的基本原理、制备的技术流程和不同类型，并着重介绍了淋巴芯片技术在恶性淋巴瘤诊断、分型及探讨发病机制等应用方面取得的进展及存在的问题。     

生物蛋白芯片技术及其在ToRCH综合症诊治中的应用与展望

生物芯片(biochip)的设想起始于80年代中期,包括基因芯片、蛋白芯片及芯片实验室三大领域[1].随着人类基因组计划(humangenomeproject,HGP)的发展与完成[2],以功能研究为核心的人类后基因组计划时代已经到来,建立新型、高效、快速的检测和分析技术已势在必行,这些高效的分析与测定技术已有多种,如DNA质谱分析法,荧光单分子分析法,杂交分析等,其中以生物芯片技术为基础的许多新型分析技术发展最快也最具发展潜力.1996年美国affymertrix公司创造了世界上第一块基因芯片;1998年,美国开发成功世界上第一块蛋白质芯片;2003年,我国南京大渊生物技术工程有限责任公司成功开发了大渊ToRCH蛋白芯片和大渊蛋白芯片检测系统.目前世界上有数千家大公司在从事生物芯片的研究和开发工作,这将给生命科学、医学、化学、新药开发、生物武器战争、司法鉴定、食品与环境监督等众多领域带来巨大的革新甚至革命.本文就生物蛋白芯片技术及其在ToRCH综合症诊治中的应用与展望作如下综述.     

Conducting polymers on microelectronic devices as tools for biological analyses

In the field of biological analysis, the need for multiparametric analysis has prompted the development of supports bearing a series of biomolecules linked to a support in a precise location (addressed). To reach a high information density, miniaturization of this kind of support has to be carried out. We describe in this paper an approach involving the use of electro-conducting polymers such as polypyrrole. This technology is based on an electro-directed copolymerization of pyrrole and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) linked to a pyrrole residue. The process allows the grafting of the selected ODN at the surface of the successively addressed microelectrodes. In this way, the syntheses are carried out on 50 microm electrodes on passive chips or on active (multiplexed) chips bearing 48 or 128 gold microelectrodes, respectively. The detection of biological targets recognized by the biochip is carried out by using fluorescent tracers. This technology, involving prepurified materials precisely addressed, allows better reproducibility of the biochip preparation and, then, an easy interpretation of the fluorescence results. The versatility of this technology is illustrated by ODN or peptide copolymerizations leading to DNA chips or peptide chips, respectively. This would open the field for other biological interaction studies.     

Precision profiling and components of variability analysis for Affymetrix microarray assays run in a clinical context

Although gene expression profiling using microarray technology is widely used in research environments, adoption of microarray testing in clinical laboratories is currently limited. In an attempt to determine how such assays would perform in a clinical laboratory, we evaluated the analytical variability of Affymetrix microarray probesets using two generations of human Affymetrix chips (U95Av2 and U133A). The study was designed to mimic potential clinical applications by using multiple operators, machines, and reagent lots, and by performing analyses throughout a period of several months. A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the relative contributions of multiple factors to overall variability, including operator, instrument, run, cRNA/cDNA synthesis, and changes in reagent lots. Under these conditions, the average probeset coefficient of variation (CV) was relatively low for present probesets on both generations of chips (mean coefficient of variation, 21.9% and 27.2% for U95Av2 and U133A chips, respectively). The largest contribution to overall variation was chip-to-chip (residual) variability, which was responsible for between 40 to 60% of the total variability observed. Changes in individual reagent lots and instrumentation contributed very little to the overall variability. We conclude that the approach demonstrated here could be applied to clinical validation of Affymetrix-based assays and that the analytical precision of this technique is sufficient to answer many biological questions.     

微流控免疫芯片在医学检测中的现状和研究进展

传统免疫学检测需依靠大型且昂贵的仪器和熟练的操作人员,测量时间较长,敏感性却较低,同时即时检测需求也在不断上涨,故而临床需要一种高敏感、高准确、快速、便携的即时诊断方式。微流控芯片具有高敏感、高通量、自动化等优点,与临床即时诊断需求相契合。基于微流控技术和免疫检测开发的微流控免疫芯片成为近年来研究热点,在肿瘤标志物检测...     

外源性单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体对变形链球菌基因表达的影响

背景：前期研究证实变形链球菌内部存在单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体信号通路,该通路介导变形链球菌的生物膜形成及在体外牙釉质表面的黏附。目的：以基因芯片技术分析单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体对变形链球菌生物学特性的影响。方法：以外源性单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体干预变形链球菌UA159,提取其总RNA,并以标准菌株的总RNA作为对照,与变形链球菌全基因组芯片杂交,筛选差异基因。结果与结论：外源性单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体干预后,变形链球菌中glgA、glgB、msmF、gftA、lacG、lepB、rgpAc、bacC、apt69个基因表达上调,Hrc、ProC、HprT、Pdp、Glk、cdsA共6个基因表达下调。所获得的差异基因主要与细胞趋向性和生物膜形成、信号转导、糖代谢、等途径相关。说明单磷酸鸟苷环二聚体影响变形链球菌的致龋性。     

Clinically related protein-peptide interactions monitored in real time on novel peptide chips by surface plasmon resonance imaging

BACKGROUND: Developing rapid, high-throughput assays for detecting and characterizing protein-protein interactions is a great challenge in the postgenomic era. We have developed a new method that allows parallel analysis of multiple analytes in biological fluids and is suitable for biological and medical studies. METHODS: This technology for studying peptide-antibody interactions is based on polypyrrole-peptide chips and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). We generated a chip bearing a large panel of peptide probes by successive electro-directed copolymerizations of pyrrole-peptide conjugates on a gold surface. RESULTS: We provide evidence that (a) the signal produced by antibody binding is highly specific; (b) the detected signal specifically reflects the antibody concentration of the tested solution in a dose-dependent manner; (c) this technique is appropriate for analyzing complex media such as undiluted sera, a novelty with respect to previous techniques; and (d) correlation between classic ELISA results and the SPRi signal is good (P = 0.008). We also validated this system in a medical model by detecting anti-hepatitis C antibodies in patient-derived sera. CONCLUSION: Because of its characteristics (easy preparation of the peptide chip; high-throughput, label-free, real-time detection; high specificity; and low background), this technology is suitable for screening biological samples and for large-scale studies.     

基因芯片及其在疾病检测中的作用

基因芯片是近年来发展起来的一项新兴技术,是把大量DNA探针或基因片段按特定的排列方式固定在硅片、玻璃、塑料或尼龙膜等载体上,形成致密、有序的DNA分子点阵,在基因定位、DNA测序、突变检测、基因筛选、基因诊断和发现新基因等方面起着重要的作用。基因芯片技术已广泛应用于病原物检测、遗传疾病检测、疾病进程检测中。     

表面等离激元共振成像技术在血型检测中的研究进展

表面等离激元共振成像(SPRi)技术是一种能够实时跟踪生物分子间相互作用的无标记技术,在传感器芯片表面固定血型相关抗体检测血型,监测和使用后表面可再生利用,可发展成为一种自动化血型检测系统.该技术可利用固相法固定相关抗体或者抗原,与微阵列芯片相结合来同时检测不同种类的红细胞抗原或者血小板抗体,使检测更具优势.该文简单介...     

Research progress on the applications of paper chips

Due to the modern pursuit of the quality of life, science and technology have rapidly developed, resulting in higher requirements for various detection methods based on analytical technology. Herein, the development, fabrication, detection and application of paper-based microfluidic chips (μPAD) are summarized. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of paper chips, and then discuss challenges and future prospects in this field.

Due to the modern pursuit of the quality of life, science and technology have rapidly developed, resulting in higher requirements for various detection methods based on analytical technology.