Imaging findings of familial Mediterranean fever

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to study the imaging findings of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records and imaging studies of 38 patients with proven FMF, diagnosed between 1992 and 2002. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestation was recurrent peritoneal attacks with abdominal pain (76.3%) and fever (42.1%). Abdominal imaging findings included ileus (n=12), splenomegaly (n=5), hepatomegaly (n=2), ascitis (n=2), focal peritonitis (n=2), mesenteric streaking (n=1), and enlarged mesenteric lymph node (n=1). One patient developed fatal peritoneal mesothelioma, and 13.1% of the patients developed amyloidosis with sonographic findings of renal parenchymal disease or cardiomyopathy. Arthritis was second in frequency, occurring in 34.2% of patients; radiographs were normal (n=4) or showed joint effusion and periarticular soft tissue swelling (n=4) due to synovitis. One patient developed seronegative destructive arthropathy. Skin lesions were noted in 23.6% of patients. Pleuritis was encountered in 13.1% and pericarditis in 5.2%. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) was present in two patients, multiple sclerosis in one, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in one patient. CONCLUSION: FMF predominantly involves abdominal viscera but can affect other organs. The majority of patients have nonspecific imaging findings, and the radiologic diagnosis is rarely considered. Amyloidosis, mesothelioma, and destructive arthropathy are potential serious complications of FMF. PAN, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are probably rare associations or rather than coincident with FMF.     

CT features of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with acute abdominal pain: emphasis on ischemic bowel disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with acute abdominal pain. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of ischemic bowel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the images from 39 abdominal CT examinations performed in 33 patients with SLE and acute abdominal pain. Images were evaluated for bowel wall changes, mesenteric changes, fluid collection, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, peritoneal enhancement, and hepatomegaly as well as for changes in other abdominal organs. Ischemic bowel disease was diagnosed if at least three of the following signs were seen: bowel wall thickening, target sign, dilatation of intestinal segments, engorgement of mesenteric vessels, and increased attenuation of mesenteric fat. RESULTS: Thirty-one (79%) of the 39 examinations had CT findings diagnostic of ischemic bowel disease, including symmetric bowel wall thickening (n = 29), target sign (n = 26), and mesenteric vascular engorgement and haziness (n = 31). In 24 cases, bowel wall thickening was multifocal, with variable length, and did not appear to be confined to a single vascular territory. CONCLUSION: The most common CT finding in patients with SLE and acute abdominal pain is ischemic bowel disease. CT is useful for detecting the primary cause of gastrointestinal symptoms, planning treatment, and monitoring for infarction or perforation.     

Mesenteric adenitis: CT diagnosis of primary versus secondary causes, incidence, and clinical significance in pediatric and adult patients

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the clinical significance of mesenteric adentitis when detected on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mesenteric adenitis was considered present if a cluster of three or more lymph nodes measuring 5 mm or greater each was present in the right lower quadrant mesentery. If no other abnormality was detected on CT, then mesenteric adenitis was considered primary. If a specific inflammatory process was detected in addition to the lymphadenopathy, then mesenteric adenitis was considered secondary. Patients with a known neoplasm or HIV infection were excluded. Three separate groups of patients were examined for the presence and cause of mesenteric adenitis. Group 1 consisted of 60 consecutive patients prospectively identified with mesenteric adenitis on CT examinations. Group 2 consisted of 60 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT for evaluation of blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. Group 3 consisted of 60 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT with acute abdominal symptoms. In all patients, the indication for imaging was documented, and the size of the largest lymph node, when present, was measured. In patients with mesenteric adenitis, the CT findings, clinical history, and clinical or surgical follow-up were subsequently evaluated to determine the cause of mesenteric adenitis. RESULTS: In the 60 patients prospectively identified with CT findings of mesenteric adenitis (group 1), 18 (30%) of 60 had primary mesenteric adenitis. The remaining 42 patients (70%) had an associated inflammatory condition that was established on CT as the likely cause of mesenteric adenitis. Mesenteric adenitis was present in none (0%) of the 60 patients in group 2 and in five (8.3%) of 60 patients in group 3. CONCLUSION: The incidence of mesenteric adenitis in patients with and those without abdominal pain is low. When evidence of mesenteric adenitis is present on CT examinations, usually a specific diagnosis can be established as its cause.     

急性肠系膜血管梗塞的CT表现

目的评价CT对急性肠系膜血管梗塞（AMI）的诊断价值。方法搜集AMI病例10例，男6例，女4例，平均年龄67．2岁。除1例在诊断次日死亡外，其余均经手术病理证实。其中肠系膜上动脉（SMA）梗塞4例，肠系膜上静脉梗塞（SMV）5例，肠系膜下静脉（IMV）梗塞1例。除1例行CT平扫外，其余9例均行CT平扫及增强扫描，详细分析其影像学表现。结果直接征象为血管内充盈缺损（8例）。间接征象包括肠腔扩张积液（4例）、肠壁增厚（6例）、薄纸样肠壁（4例）、缆绳征（5例）、肠系膜积液（3例）、肠壁积气（2例）、门静脉积气（1例）及腹腔积液（3例）。结论CT是诊断急性肠系膜血管梗塞的一种快速、敏感、可靠及无创伤的影像学方法。     

Acute epiploic appendagitis: CT findings in 33 cases

Acute epiploic appendagitis (AEA) is a benign self-limiting process presenting with acute abdominal pain often misdiagnosed clinically as either diverticulitis or appendicitis, but which has a pathognomonic CT appearance. The CT findings in 33 adult patients diagnosed by CT over a 33-month period as having AEA were retrospectively reviewed. The study group included 24 men and 9 women, with a mean age of 44.6 years. The mean age of the male patients was lower than that of the female patients, 40.9 vs 54.7 years. All patients presented with acute abdominal pain, mainly in the left (n=21) and right (n=9) lower quadrants, with localized tenderness in all patients and peritoneal irritation in 15 of them. Low-grade fever was found in 8 patients and mild leukocytosis in 16. Characteristic CT findings of an oval fatty mass with central streaky densities and surrounded by mesenteric stranding adjacent to the serosal surface of the colon were seen in all cases. Additional findings included mural thickening of the juxtaposed colon in 16 patients and peritoneal fluid in 7. One patient underwent surgery on the basis of an erroneous diagnosis of acute appendicitis. As CT is often used nowadays to evaluate various acute abdominal complaints, it may be the first imaging modality by which AEA is diagnosed. AEA should be included in the differential diagnosis in young male patients with localized left lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Electronic Publication     

CT evaluation of mesenteric panniculitis: prevalence and associated diseases

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of mesenteric panniculitis on CT and to describe its appearance and associated diseases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 7620 consecutive abdominal CT examinations were prospectively evaluated for features common to mesenteric panniculitis such as a well-delineated inhomogeneous hyperattenuated fatty mass at the mesenteric root, envelopment of mesenteric vessels, and no evidence of invasion of the adjacent small-bowel loops that may be displaced. RESULTS: CT findings of mesenteric panniculitis were seen in 49 patients (0.6%). We found a female predominance. Mesenteric panniculitis coexisted with malignancy in 34 patients and with benign disorders in 11 patients. In the remaining four patients, mesenteric panniculitis, verified on histology, was considered to be responsible for the patients' clinical manifestations; no other abnormality was identified. Soft-tissue nodules (n = 39) and a fatty halo surrounding vessels and nodules (n = 42) were observed in most patients. Follow-up abdominal CT examinations in 29 of the 49 patients showed changes in only one patient. CONCLUSION: CT findings of mesenteric panniculitis may be seen in patients undergoing abdominal CT for various symptoms.     

The CT frequencies of various non-traumatic acute abdominal emergencies in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis patients and the general population

Purpose

To investigate the frequency of non-traumatic acute abdominal emergencies in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD)) patients and in the general population as diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Methods

The abdominal CT findings of ESRD patients with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain during the years 2001–2010 have been retrospectively evaluated. Thirty-three HD (14 females, 19 males, mean age: 62 ± 10.5) and 22 PD patients (12 females, 10 males, mean age: 59 ± 9.4) with acute abdominal pathology based on their CT scans have been included into the study. In addition, 127 individuals (68 females, 59 males, mean age: 40.7 ± 12.8) with normal renal functions who presented with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain diagnosed with an acute abdominal pathology based on their CT scans have been prospectively evaluated during the years 2009–2010.

Results

While the most frequent etiology in PD patients was peritonitis (45.4%), acute pancreatitis (13.6%) and perforation (18.1), and in HD patients it was nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (18.1%) and spontaneous intraabdominal bleeding (21.2%). The basic causes of acute abdomen in the general population were ureteral stone (34.6%) and appendicitis (18.1%).

Conclusions

The causes of acute abdominal pain in ESRD patients is significantly different when compared to the general population. And within this special patient population the etiology of acute abdomen differs depending on the renal replacement therapy modality they are receiving. Thus, the causes of acute abdomen in PD patients are mostly peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, and perforation, while being mostly nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia and spontaneous intraabdominal bleeding in patients receiving HD therapy.     

CT对肠系膜损伤的评价研究

目的 评价腹部CT对肠系膜损伤的诊断价值。方法 回顾14例经手术证实肠系膜损伤患者临床资料和CT检查结果，分析腹膜腔内游离积液、肠系膜脂肪内渗出、肠系膜血肿、造影剂血管外溢和肠壁增厚强化等CT征象，并结合手术结果确定CT表现对诊断肠系膜损伤的敏感性。结果 所有14例患者的CT图像均显示有腹膜腔游离积液或积血和肠系膜脂肪内渗出，其中12例可见肠系膜内血肿，2例显示有肠壁增厚强化，1例可见造影剂血管外溢，且CT表现与手术结果一致。结论 CT对于肠系膜损伤的诊断具有很好的敏感性，其CT表现有助于判断损伤的部位。     

闭合性腹部肠道及系膜损伤CT诊断

目的：探讨闭合笥腹部肠道及系膜损伤的ＣＴ表现特征。材料与方法：回顾性研究闭合性腹部肠道及系膜损伤ＣＴ表现２１例,全部经手术证实。结果：２１例中,腹腔积气１０例,主要呈小泡状、裂隙状,分布于肝脾胃周等;肠道管壁增厚２例;系膜增厚及血肿４例;腹腔及肠禅间积液１３例;肠道扩张２例。结论：腹腔积气是肠道损伤的直接征象,肠道管避及系膜增厚与血肿为肠道损伤的提示性征象,来源不明的腹腔各液,应考虑肠道损伤的可能     

Computed tomographic features of peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the computed tomography (CT) features of peritoneal carcinomatosis after surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (IPCH). METHOD: Between 1999 and 2001, 51 consecutive patients (33 women and 18 men, with a mean age 45 years) were treated in our institution with IPCH for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Patients that were symptomatic (33 patients) underwent contrast enhanced helical CT of the abdomen and the pelvis during the first 15 postoperative days. The CT scans were reviewed retrospectively by two blinded observers. Computed tomography abnormalities were compared with surgical, biochemical, and clinical findings. RESULTS: None of the CT scans were completely normal. Most postsurgical CT findings, including bowel and peritoneal thickening (14 and 13 cases, respectively), increased intraperitoneal fat density (13 cases), and compartmentalized ascites (8 cases), resulted from an inflammatory mesenteric reaction or inflammation of the small bowel or the peritoneum and did not require specific treatment. Major complications requiring appropriate treatment were intra-abdominal abscesses (5 cases), hemoperitoneum (5 cases), urinary fistula (2 cases), acute pancreatitis (1 case) and abdominal wall abscesses (2 cases). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of early CT findings after therapy with surgery combined with IPCH for peritoneal carcinomatosis is useful for accurate posttreatment management of these patients.     

Granulocytic sarcoma of bowel: CT findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the computed tomographic (CT) findings of granulocytic sarcoma of the bowel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review boards of all participating institutions approved this study and waived the requirement for informed consent. CT scans were retrospectively reviewed in eight patients (seven men, one woman; age range, 23-71 years; mean age, 46 years) with pathologically proved granulocytic sarcoma of the small and/or large bowel. CT findings were evaluated with regard to the sites, morphologic characteristics, and contrast material enhancement patterns of the lesions, along with other ancillary findings (ie, peritoneal and mesenteric infiltration, ascites, lymphadenopathy, bowel perforation, and obstruction). RESULTS: Eight patients had a total of 13 lesions in the bowel (of which eight were pathologically proved), involving the duodenum (n=1), jejunum (n=2), ileum (n=5), sigmoid colon (n=1), and rectum (n=4); multifocal bowel lesions were noted in four patients. The lesion varied in shape, with wall thickening alone in three of 13 lesions, an intraluminal polypoid mass in four, an exophytic mass in one, and a combination of findings in five. Contrast material enhancement, relative to the back musculature, showed isoattenuation in seven lesions, hyperattenuation in four, and hypoattenuation in two. Five of eight patients had multiple peritoneal masses with diffuse mesenteric or peritoneal infiltration. Ascites was present in six of eight patients; lymphadenopathy (especially in the mesentery), in five; bowel perforation, in two; and bowel obstruction, in one. CONCLUSION: Granulocytic sarcoma of the bowel is characterized by variability in shape and contrast enhancement and has a high predilection for mesenteric and peritoneal spread.     

Peritoneal carcinomatosis: role of (18)F-FDG PET.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis can be difficult to diagnose, as CT is insensitive, with peritoneal biopsy and lavage often subject to problems of sampling error. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of (18)F-FDG PET in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with stomach, ovarian, and adrenal cancer and mesothelioma and to compare the results with CT scans in the same patient group. Our secondary aim was to identify characteristic patterns of abdominal (18)F-FDG uptake in biopsy-proven peritoneal disease and to correlate these patterns with available histologic and anatomic findings after surgery and structural imaging. METHODS: The medical records of 88 patients with stomach (n = 48), ovarian (n = 13), and adrenal cancer (n = 6) and mesothelioma (n = 21) were reviewed for the presence of peritoneal tumor on (18)F-FDG PET and CT scans. The results were correlated with either contemporaneous peritoneal biopsy or ascitic aspirate or with radiographic or clinical follow-up if histology was negative or unavailable. Of 24 patients with suspected peritoneal tumor, 17 had biopsy-proven findings of peritoneal disease. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients with suspected peritoneal tumor, (18)F-FDG PET was positive in 14 patients, with 1 of these scans being false-positive, CT was positive in 10 patients, and either PET or CT was positive in 18 patients. This yielded sensitivities of 57% (13/23), 42% (10/23), and 78% (18/23), with uniformly high positive predictive values of 93% (13/14), 100% (10/10), and 95% (18/19), respectively. We identified 2 distinctly abnormal scintigraphic patterns of focal and uniform (18)F-FDG uptake corresponding to nodular and diffuse peritoneal disease on pathologic examination. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET adds to conventional imaging in the staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis. It is also a useful diagnostic tool when peritoneal biopsy is either unavailable or inappropriate. We have identified 2 distinct scintigraphic patterns that appear to predict the presence of either nodular or diffuse peritoneal pathology.     

Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum: CT findings

AIM: To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical data and imaging studies of 36 women aged 37-85 years with primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-seven patients presented with general abdominal complaints; all had elevated levels of CA-125. Thirty-two women were post-menopausal, four had had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. RESULTS: The most common findings on pre-operative abdominal CT, performed in 30 patients, were a variable amount of ascites (n = 29), omental involvement (n = 28), irregular parietal peritoneum thickening (n = 22) and mural thickening of the sigmoid colon (n = 10). Thoracic findings included enlarged cardiophrenic nodes (n = 15) and pleural effusion (n = 11). Six patients had unilateral or bilateral adnexal masses of soft tissue density, which proved to be surface serous papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Diffuse peritoneal disease on CT in patients with normal-sized ovaries or following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with elevated level of serum CA-125, but without an identifiable primary tumour, should suggest the diagnosis of primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum. Associated adnexal masses or focal bowel wall thickening may be seen, representing surface involvement by this tumour.     

Bowel and mesenteric injury following blunt abdominal trauma: evaluation with CT

Computed tomography (CT) used in cases of blunt abdominal trauma has been found sensitive in detection of bowel and mesenteric injuries and discrimination of operable from nonoperable candidates. In 51 patients with suspected bowel or mesenteric injury following blunt abdominal trauma, CT correctly depicted bowel hematoma or mesenteric injury in 17 of 19 nonoperable patients (89%) and severe injuries in one patient who died preoperatively. In 26 of 28 patients who underwent therapeutic laparotomy (93%), initial CT enabled identification of surgically confirmed injuries. In two cases, initial scan misinterpretation delayed diagnosis of serious bowel injuries. The correct interpretation was rendered preoperatively and at blind retrospective review. CT findings that correlated with bowel or mesenteric injury requiring surgery were free peritoneal fluid (27 of 28, 96%), mesenteric infiltration (24 of 28, 86%), thick-walled bowel (17 of 28, 61%), associated abdominal injuries (12 of 28, 43%), and free air (nine of 28, 32%). In nonoperable cases, CT scans demonstrated bowel thickening (84%) but less frequently peritoneal fluid (21%), mesenteric infiltration (26%), or associated injuries (5%). In three of four patients who underwent nontherapeutic laparotomy, preoperative CT correctly imaged the limited abdominal injuries.     

腹腔结核的CT表现

目的评价CT诊断腹腔结核的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理或抗痨治疗确诊的腹腔结核16例CT表现,其中男8例,女8例。年龄20～66岁,平均36.4岁。结果腹腔淋巴结肿大(n=11),肠系膜肿块(n=6),腹水(n=6,多为限制性),网膜增厚(n=7),肠壁增厚(n=6),胸水(n=2),胰腺结节(n=1)。腹腔淋巴结肿大(以肠系膜、胰周淋巴结为主),主要表现为因中央干酪样坏死而呈环形或多房样强化,并有部分淋巴结钙化,且腹腔淋巴结受累程度明显重于腹膜后间隙淋巴结。结核性腹膜炎时腹水密度较高,系膜、网膜上有斑片状及结节状病灶,肠曲粘连固定。结论密切结合临床、实验室检查及CT表现,有望提高腹腔结核诊断准确性。     

CT findings of abdominal tuberculosis in 12 patients.

Our purpose was to evaluate the Computed Tomography (CT) findings of the abdominal tuberculosis (TBC) retrospectively which was diagnosed histopatologically. This study included 12 patients. All patients were evaluated by abdominal CT study. Most findings of CT studies were mesenteric calcified or noncalcified lymphadenopathies, ascites, thickened intestinal wall located on the right lower quadrant of abdomen, thickening of peritoneum, mottled soft-tissue densities in omentum and mesenterium. In addition, one of the patients had bilateral calcified adrenal glands and one of them had calcified mass in adrenal gland. If peritoneal thickening, ascites, abdominal lymphadenophaties and thickened intestinal walls are obtained, TBC should be considered in differential diagnosis in developing countries.     

CT findings in acute peritonitis: a pattern-based approach

Many inflammatory and infectious entities may acutely affect the peritoneum causing a thickening of its layers. Unfortunately, several acute peritoneal diseases can have overlapping features, both clinically and at imaging. Therefore, the awareness of the clinical context, although useful, may be sometimes insufficient to identify the underlying cause. This article provides a specific computed tomography-based approach including morphologic characteristics of peritoneal thickening (e.g., smooth, irregular, or nodular) and ancillary findings to narrow the differential diagnosis of acute peritonitis.Computed tomography (CT) became an important tool in the detection and characterization of acute abdominal involvement with the development of multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners. This technology makes the acquisition of isotropic data possible and affords the capability of performing high-resolution multiplanar reconstructions (1). Thus, CT imaging is often the initial modality in acute abdomen in a significant proportion of patients, and radiologists should have a high level of suspicion in detection and interpretation of peritoneal abnormalities.As a wide variety of acute peritoneal diseases may present with similar clinical features, the clinicians ask the interpreting radiologist to provide a concise and focused differential diagnosis. However, several specific entities may manifest with overlapping CT findings.This article provides an overview of MDCT appearances of acute peritoneal diseases based on the peritoneal thickening pattern and a detailed analysis of the associated findings.     

肠系膜肿块的CT诊断

目的 分析肠系膜肿块的CT表现,探讨CT对其定位,定性及鉴别诊断的价值和限度,资料与方法 对经手术,病理,活检等证实的18例肠系膜肿块的CT表现,结合其手术病理及部分超声所见进行回顾分析。选用窗宽300-400HU,窗位0HU观察病灶及其邻近肠系膜。结果 18例肠系膜肿块中,16例发生在小肠系膜（回肠15例,空肠1例）,升,横结肠各1例,其中恶性淋巴瘤6例（非霍奇金病5例,霍奇金病1例）,淋巴管瘤,炎性假瘤各3例,转移瘤2例,血管外皮细胞肉瘤,平滑肌肉瘤,纤维瘤,单纯囊肿各1例,除2例淋巴瘤和1例转移瘤呈多个肠系膜肿块,部分病例伴有腹膜后肿块,其余病例均呈孤立性肿块（此为唯一的CT表现）。肿块推压肠管,部分被肠系膜肿块,部分病例伴有腹膜后肿块,其余病例均呈孤立性肿块（此为唯一的CT表现）,肿块推压肠管,部分被肠管包绕,邻近肠系膜模糊,“三明治”征多见于恶性淋巴瘤。结论 CT对肠系膜肿块有较大的诊断价值。结合病变的解剖,病理基础以及超声特征等,术前多可做出提示性甚至正确的定位,定性诊断,对少数难以确诊的病例,应行CT导引下穿刺活检确诊。     

Computed tomography of bowel infarction

Bowel infarction is a potentially lethal disorder that is notoriously difficult to diagnose clinically and radiographically. Computed tomography is often used in the early radiographic evaluation of patients with severe abdominal pain of unknown etiology. This study defines the CT findings in patients with bowel infarction. The findings in 22 patients with mesenteric infarction were reviewed. Seven were due to mesenteric arterial occlusion, six due to mesenteric venous occlusion, and nine were nonocclusive. The CT abnormalities were diffuse or focal bowel wall thickening (19 patients), bowel dilatation without mural thickening (three patients), intramural low attenuation zones of edema (eight patients), intramural gas (11 patients), mesenteric gas (five patients), portal or mesenteric venous gas (one patient), mesenteric vascular occlusion (eight patients), and peritoneal gas or fluid (12 patients). The diagnosis of bowel infarction must be considered when performing CT in patients with abdominal pain of unknown etiology.     

Detection of recurrent ovarian cancer at MRI: comparison with integrated PET/CT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent ovarian tumor. METHODS: Thirty-six patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian carcinoma received both MRI and PET/CT for the evaluation of ovarian tumor recurrence. Recurrent ovarian tumors in abdomen and pelvis were classified based on site as follows: (1) local pelvic recurrence, (2) peritoneal lesion, (3) lymph nodal metastasis, and (4) distant metastasis. Patient-based and lesion-based analyses were retrospectively performed with the aim of detecting tumor recurrence. For the detection of recurrent ovarian tumors, we compared patient-based and lesion-based diagnostic accuracies of these 2 modalities using the McNemar test. RESULTS: Histopathologic, clinical, and radiological follow-up findings revealed recurrent ovarian tumors in 35 sites of 22 patients. These 35 sites consisted of local pelvic recurrence (n = 15), peritoneal lesions (n = 14), lymph nodal metastasis (n = 4), and abdominal wall metastasis (n = 2). In detecting recurrent ovarian tumor, patient-based sensitivity and the accuracy of PET/CT and MRI were 73% and 91% (P < 0.05), and 81% and 89% (P > 0.05), respectively. In addition, overall lesion-based sensitivity of PET/CT and MRI were 66% and 86%, respectively (P < 0.05). In detecting peritoneal lesions, overall lesion-based sensitivity and accuracy of PET/CT and MRI for peritoneal lesions were 43% and 86%, and 75% and 94%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than PET/CT for detecting local pelvic recurrence and peritoneal lesions of recurrent ovarian tumors.