肝炎肝硬化螺旋CT门静脉造影扫描延迟时间的合理选择

目的　应用时间—密度曲线选择正常人和肝炎肝硬化患者螺旋 CT门静脉造影的合理扫描延迟时间 .方法　 2 0例正常人和 1 8例肝炎后肝硬化患者于第一肝门水平门静脉主干分叉以下 1 0 mm处行同层动态增强扫描 .造影剂量 1 .5m L· kg-1 ,注射速率 3 m L· s-1 ,经外周静脉注射造影剂后1 5 s开始扫描 ,以后每隔 5 s扫描 1次 ,持续至 1 2 0 s.分别测量同一层面门静脉、肝脏的 CT值 ,并计算各点门静脉与肝脏的密度差 (P- L) ,描绘时间 -密度曲线 .结果　正常组与肝硬化组门静脉平均强化峰值分别为 (1 81± 34) Hu,(1 59± 2 9)Hu(P<0 .0 5) ,峰值到达时间分别为 (54± 7) s,(65± 9) s(P<0 .0 5) .肝脏平均强化峰值分别为 (1 1 8± 1 9) Hu,(96±1 3) Hu(P<0 .0 5) ,峰值到达时间分别为 (64± 9) s,(75±1 0 ) s(P<0 .0 5) .门静脉和肝脏密度差最大值两组分别为(9 0± 2 8) Hu,(73± 1 6) Hu(P<0 .0 5) ,其达到最大密度差时间分别为 (50± 7) s,(65± 3) s(P<0 .0 1 ) .结论　行肝脏螺旋 CT门静脉造影成像显示肝内门静脉分支 ,造影剂量为 1 .5m L· kg-1 ,注射速率为 3m L· s-1 ,正常人最佳扫描延迟时间为 40 s,肝炎后肝硬化患者最佳扫描延迟时间为 50 s     

螺旋CT双期扫描对诊断小肝癌的应用价值

目的　评价螺旋CT扫描的动脉期、静脉期以及双期联合应用对小肝癌的诊断评价。方法　对 2 3例拟诊小肝癌患者行螺旋CT动、静脉双期增强扫描 ,增强动脉期于造影剂注射后 3 0s开始扫描 ,静脉期于 60～ 70s开始扫描 ,造影剂注射速率为 3 .0ml/s ,用量 80～ 10 0ml。结果　 2 3例小肝癌共发现 2 8个结节病灶。平扫、动脉期、静脉期、动静脉双期的检出率分别为 75 .0 0 %、93 .86%、82 .14 %、96.43 % ,动脉期和动静脉双期的检出率较平扫和静脉期高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,动脉期和动静脉双期间 ,平扫和静脉期间比较差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。 71.43 % (2 0 /2 8)的小肝癌动脉期呈均匀高密度影 ,与同期肝组织比较 ,CT值增加 2 4.9± 13 .8Hu ;17.86% (5 /2 8)呈不均匀高密度影。 82 .14 % (2 3 /2 8)静脉期呈低密度影 ,与同期肝组织比较 ,CT值减少 13 .8± 8.5Hu ;17.86% (5 /2 8)为等密度影。双期扫描的定性准确率为 96.43 %。结论　螺旋CT动静脉双期扫描对小肝癌诊断有很高的敏感性和特异性。     

多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胰头—壶腹区肿瘤的诊断价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胰头—壶腹区肿瘤的诊断价值。方法对29例经手术、病理证实的胰头—壶腹区肿瘤的螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描进行回顾性分析。结果9例胰头癌胰腺期胰腺—肿瘤密度差为(67±14)Hu,高于实质期的(36±19)Hu,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);7例胰头段胆总管癌胰腺期肿瘤—胰腺密度差为(35±21)Hu,低于实质期的(57±18)Hu,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);13例壶腹癌胰腺期胰腺—肿瘤密度差为(35±18)Hu,实质期为(30±17)Hu,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胰头—壶腹区肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

螺旋CT薄层三期增强扫描及CTHA在诊断小肝癌中的价值

目的 :分析小肝癌 (SHCC)螺旋 CT薄层三期增强扫描 (Triple- phase helical CT THCT)及肝动脉 CT造影 (CTHA)表现特征 ,评价其应用价值。方法 :研究分析 16例经肝穿细胞学检查或临床证实 SHCC患者 CT图像 ,采用高质量扫描模式 ,扫描参数为 :层厚 5 m m,螺距 5 mm,增强三期扫描分别为注射对比剂 2 0 s～ 2 5 s动脉期 ,4 5 s～6 0 s门脉期扫描 ,2 min～ 3min延迟期扫描 ,130 k V,2 70 m A～ 30 0 m A,高压注射器单相注射 ,非离子型对比剂注射速率 2 .5 ml/ s～ 3ml/ s,剂量为 1.2 ml/ kg～ 1.5 m l/ kg,CTHA采用 Seldinger法插管 ,将导管插入肝固有动脉 ,然后将患者搬入 CT室进行造影 CT,造影剂为 2 0 %非离子对比剂 10 ml～ 15 ml,以双盲法分析其各期及 CTHA表现。结果 :16例 SHCC中检查出 19个病灶 ,其中 12例在三期扫描上为典型表现 ,即动脉期为高密度 ,门静脉期和延迟期为低密度或等低密度 ,4例为非典型表现 ,CTHA 14例呈高密度 ,2例为低密度 ;后经碘油 CT证实。结论 :大多数 SHCC在三期扫描呈典型表现 ,动脉期是 SHCC定性诊断的关键 ,THCT应用可显著增强 SHCC检出率 ,CTHA可进一步提供血动力学特征 ,两者相结合可大大提高 SHCC诊断率和鉴别诊断能力。     

多层螺旋CT双期扫描技术在胰腺肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT双期扫描技术对胰腺肿瘤检出,诊断和进行可切除性评估的意义.方法 对38例胰腺肿瘤患者行胰腺平扫、胰腺期和肝脏期扫描,对各时相的正常胰腺和肿瘤组织进行CT值测量,计算各时相两者的CT值差别,观察胰周血管和其他变化,作可切除性评估.结果 胰腺肿瘤双期扫描各时相的CT值差分别为平扫(6±3)Hu,胰腺期(43±18)Hu,肝脏期(23±16)Hu,胰腺期差别最大,对胰腺肿瘤的检出和诊断有意义.观察胰周小静脉扩张和其他变化进行手术可切除性评估.结论 多层螺旋CT的双期扫描技术优于普通螺旋CT,对胰腺肿瘤的检出和诊断及可切除性评估有重要意义.     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在小胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的　研究螺旋ＣＴ胰腺期、门脉期双期增强扫描在小胰腺癌早期诊断和正确分期中的作用。方法　对 14例小胰腺癌患者行螺旋ＣＴ双期增强扫描 ,扫描延迟时间分别为30ｓ和 6 5ｓ,对比剂用量 10 0ｍｌ,注射速度 3ｍｌ/ｓ。观察并比较正常胰腺及肿瘤在两期的增强情况。根据ＣＴ征象对肿瘤可切除性进行评价 ,并与手术结果比较。结果　肿瘤 胰腺对比胰腺期和门脉期分别为 (4 7 0 8± 2 0 39)ＨＵ和 (2 8 77±16 2 3)ＨＵ(Ｐ <0 0 1)。 14例肿瘤中 ,术前认为可以切除 11例 ,术中切除 9例。结论　螺旋ＣＴ双期增强扫描能更清晰地显示小胰腺癌 ,…     

多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描对小肝癌的诊断

目的:分析小肝癌在螺旋CT三期(动脉期、门脉期和延迟期)增强扫描的表现,比较各期的病灶检出率,提高小肝癌的诊断水平。方法:18例小肝癌分别行多层螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描,扫描时间分别为动脉期25s、门脉期70s、延迟期5m in,用高压注射器经肘静脉注射,速率为3 m l/s,剂量为1.5 m l/kg。结果:共发现20个病灶,动脉期、门脉期和延迟期的检出率分别为80%,60%和65%。动脉期的敏感性高于门脉期和延迟期。三期联合后检出率明显增加达95%。结论:多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描能反映出小肝癌血供特点和表现,使其早期诊断成为可能。     

螺旋CT胰腺期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的价值

目的:研究螺旋CT胰腺期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的价值。方法:对34例胰腺癌患者行螺旋CT胰腺期和门脉期双期增强扫描,扫描延迟时间分别为30s和65s,对比剂用量100ml,注射速度3ml/s。观察并比较正常胰腺与肿瘤在两期增强中的对比情况,以及胰腺周围血管、组织和器官的受侵情况。根据CT征象对肿瘤可切除性进行评价,并与手术结果比较。结果:肿瘤—胰腺对比在胰腺期34例中对比明显32例,对比较明显2例;门脉期对比明显10例,对比较明显14例,对比不明显10例。胰腺期扫描能清晰显示胰周血管,其中胰周血管中断6例,包绕4例,部分包绕3例。术前认为可以切除21例,术中切除20例。结论:螺旋CT胰腺期增强扫描比门脉期增强扫描更清晰地显示胰腺癌,并有利于胰腺癌分期和可切除性的判断。     

不同部位和大小的肺癌动态增强CT表现

目的 :探讨非小细胞肺癌的大小和部位对动态增强CT表现的影响。方法 :对 37例周围型肺癌 (直径≤ 30mm组11例 ,直径 >30mm组 2 6例 ) ,2 4例中央型肺癌 (直径均在 30mm以上 ) ,术前行 3min内的动态增强CT扫描 ,术后肺癌组织行Ⅷ RAg的免疫组化染色。 结果 :直径≤ 30mm组的周围型肺癌到达高峰强化的延迟时间均在 90s,峰值后CT值下降快 ;而直径 >30mm组到达高峰时间均在 6 0s,且峰值后CT值下降慢。前者的平均高峰增强值 (4 6 .6 4± 8.0 5 )Hu显著高于后者(32 .6 5± 7.38)Hu (t=5 .13,P <0 .0 0 1) ;前者的微血管密度高于后者 ,但差异无显著性 (t=2 .12 ,P >0 .0 5 )。 5 4 % (13/ 2 4 )的中央型肺癌强化高峰在 6 0s,平均高峰强化值为 (2 6 .5 6± 3.0 1)Hu ,显著低于周围型肺癌 (t=5 .72 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。 4 2 % (11/ 2 4 )的中央型肺癌的动态增强CT呈缓慢升高 ,且最大强化值均在 16Hu以下。结论 :大小和部位不同的肺癌动态增强表现有区别 ,但它们是有规律可循的。     

螺旋CT多期增强扫描对小肝癌的诊断

目的 :研究小肝癌 (SHCC)在螺旋CT多期 (动脉期、门脉期和延迟期 )增强扫描的表现 ,比较各期的病灶检出率 ,提高诊断水平。方法 :33例患者行螺旋CT多期增强扫描。 3ml/s注射 10 0ml造影剂 ,动脉期、门脉期和延迟期分别于注射造影剂后 2 5s、70s和 5min开始扫描 ,观察SHCC在各期的强化方式 ,统计各期的检出率。结果 :共发现 39个病灶 ,动脉期、门脉期和延迟期的检出率分别为 87% ,74 %和 82 %。动脉期的敏感性高于延迟期和门脉期。 3期联合后检出率明显增加达 97%。结论 :SHCC增强扫描表现形式复杂 ,螺旋CT多期扫描可以充分显示SHCC各期的增强表现 ,正确评价其血流变化 ,提高了病灶的检出率和诊断的准确率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.