黄芩苷对UVB诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞光产物生成的干预作用

目的观察中波紫外线(UVB)诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞光产物的形成情况,以及黄芩苷的干预作用。方法将各种不同浓度的黄芩苷(0～250μg/mL)与人皮肤成纤维细胞共同孵育24h后,采用免疫组织化学法及免疫斑点印迹技术检测30mJ/cm2UVB辐射及黄芩苷干预下,辐射后30min人皮肤成纤维细胞DNA内环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPDs)的产生情况。并采用紫外分光光度计法检测黄芩苷在紫外波段的吸光度。结果黄芩苷能在UVB辐射后30min内减轻光产物的形成,其在UVA、UVB和UVC波段内有较强的吸收紫外线能量的能力。结论黄芩苷对UVB诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞光产物的形成有一定抑制作用。黄芩苷是一种有效的紫外线防护剂。     

黄芩苷对中波紫外线诱导后BALB/c小鼠表皮光产物形成的干预作用

目的 观察中波紫外线（UVB）诱导BALB/c小鼠皮肤表皮细胞光产物的形成和清除情况,以及黄芩苷的干预作用。方法 将黄芩苷（1 mg/cm2）连续3 d外用于BALB/c小鼠表皮24 h后,采用免疫组织化学法及免疫印迹法检测180 mJ/cm2 UVB辐射后1 h、24 h和48 h小鼠表皮内环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPD）的产生和清除情况。结果 CPD仅在接受UVB辐射的小鼠皮肤内出现。相对于UVB辐射后1 h光产物的平均值,UVB辐射组1 h、24 h和48 h,CPD的信号强度分别为（100 ± 5.22）％、（75.34 ± 8.22）％和（42.11 ± 3.24）％;经过黄芩苷处理后的小鼠接受UVB辐射后1 h、24 h和48 h,CPD的信号强度分别为（81.45 ± 5.22）%、（32.14 ± 6.33）%和（5.21 ± 3.15）%;而丙酮处理后的小鼠接受UVB辐射后1 h、24 h和48 h,CPD的信号强度分别为（106 ± 8.21）%、（70.23 ± 4.13）%和（41.22 ± 4.21）%。结论 外用黄芩苷能抑制UVB辐射诱导光产物的形成,并在48 h内加速光产物的清除。黄芩苷是一种有效的紫外线防护剂。     

黄芩苷对UVB照射后小鼠表皮细胞Ki-67及PCNA表达的影响

目的:评价外用黄芩苷对UVB照射后小鼠表皮厚度及细胞增殖标志物Ki-67、PCNA表达的影响.方法:将6周龄大的雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白对照、单纯UVB照射和涂抹黄芩苷+UVB照射3组.末次照射24 h后取背部皮肤切片HE染色,免疫组化法、Western blot法检测皮肤组织中Ki-67、PCNA蛋白的表达.结果:黄芩苷预处理可抑制反复UVB照射引起小鼠皮肤表皮层增厚,真皮层单一核细胞浸润.Ki-67及PCNA在对照组表达分别(27.78±13.85)%和(20.68±10.64)%,UVB组表达分别(57.83±9.71)%、(62.48±8.73)%,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05).涂抹黄芩苷+UVB照射组Ki-67及PCNA表达为38.69±11.76、42.83±10.37,虽高于对照组,但明显低于UVB照射组(Ps<0.05).结论:外用黄芩苷可通过降低照射小鼠表皮中Ki-67及PCNA的表达从而发挥其抗UVB损伤作用.     

黄芩苷对中波紫外线所致HaCaT细胞凋亡、细胞周期变化及p16、原癌基因c-myc蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察中波紫外线(UVB)辐射引起的人表皮角质形成细胞株HacaT细胞凋亡、细胞周期及p16、c-myc蛋白水平的影响及传统中药黄芩苷(baicalin)对它的干预作用.方法:以200 mg/L黄芩苷预处理HacaT细胞,以流式细胞仪检测经0、30、60和90 mJ/cm2的UVB照射后24 h细胞周期和凋亡率变化;以Western blot方法检测90 mJ/cm2 UVB照射后p16、c-myc 蛋白的表达水平.结果:UVB照射可诱导HaCaT细胞产生凋亡,凋亡率呈剂量依赖性增加;30 mJ/cm2 剂量下细胞可出现明显S期阻滞,随UVB剂量增大,S期细胞数量相对下降;照光后p16、c-myc蛋白水平均有所增高.加入黄芩苷处理可抑制UVB引起的上述变化.结论:黄芩苷可明显抑制UVB引起的凋亡与细胞周期阻滞以及p16、c-myc蛋白表达,证实该药具有有效的光保护作用.     

UVB诱导皮肤免疫抑制和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯光保护作用

目的 探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对不同剂量中波紫外线（UVB）慢性辐射BALB／c小鼠皮肤的保护作用。方法 EGCG局部外用于小鼠背部皮肤后予不同强度UVB辐射，每日1次，连续1个月，RT-PCR法检测IFN-γ和IL-10mRNA的表达水平变化。结果 不同剂量UVB慢性辐射后小鼠皮肤中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平较对照组降低（P〈0．01），IL-10mRNA表达水平较对照组升高（P〈0．01），并与UVB辐射强度呈一定剂量依赖关系。EGCG处理后可影响UVB辐射诱导上述细胞因子表达（P〈0．01）。结论 UVB辐射下调IFN-1和上调IL-10转录水平，可能与UVB辐射诱导局部免疫抑制有关。     

外用表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抵抗中波紫外线对小鼠皮肤的慢性光损伤作用

目的：研究中波紫外线（UVB）慢性辐射BALB／C小鼠后皮肤的组织病理改变、表皮细胞凋亡情况及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对其的影响。方法：EGCG局部外用于小鼠耳、背部皮肤后分别给予不同强度的UVB辐射，每日1次．连续1个月，石蜡切片苏木精-伊红染色观察不同处理条件下皮肤组织病理变化，同时应用末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测小鼠表皮中的凋亡细胞。结果：UVB慢性辐射对BALB／C小鼠皮肤有明显影响，主要表现有表皮过度角化、棘层肥厚、海绵样水肿、晒斑细胞、真皮乳头层水肿、毛细血管扩张、炎性细胞浸润等。EGCG预处理能减轻UVB诱导的上述组织病理变化。另外，对慢性低剂量UVB辐射组，EGCG有一定的促细胞凋亡作用。结论：不同剂量UVB慢性辐射后小鼠皮肤组织病理改变明显，EGCG可保护UVB辐射诱导的光损伤作用，并对低剂量慢性UVB辐射后BALB／C小鼠皮肤细胞有促进凋亡作用。     

大豆低聚肽对UVB诱导的光老化小鼠皮肤中Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原的影响

目的观察大豆低聚肽(SOP)对中波紫外线(UVB)诱导的BALB/c光老化小鼠皮肤中的Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原的作用。方法 BALB/c小鼠背部皮肤剃毛后予UVB照射,构建小鼠皮肤光老化模型。随机分组行UVB照射后分别外用不同浓度的SOP。组织切片、Masson染色观察胶原纤维改变并测定其胶原含量;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测MMP1、MMP3、COL1a1、COL3a1 m RNA。结果与对照组比较各浓度SOP组的胶原含量及COL1a1、COL3a1 m RNA表达增加(P0.05),MMP1、MMP3 m RNA的表达减少(P0.05),且SOP中浓度组效果最显著(P0.05)。结论 SOP能有效对抗UVB所致BALB/c光老化小鼠皮肤中的Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原的降解,对小鼠皮肤具有光保护作用。     

甘草等提取物对UVB诱导小鼠皮肤HSP27基因表达的影响

目的:评价甘草、红景天、黄芪提取物对中波紫外线(UVB)照射诱导BALB/c小鼠皮肤HSP27mRNA表达水平的影响。方法:分组将自制5%与10%甘草、红景天、黄芪提取物溶液涂于小鼠背部皮肤,20min后给予500mJ/cm^2 UVB照射,每日1次,连续30天;设UVB对照组与空白对照组。RTPCR法检测各组小鼠背部皮肤组织中HSP27 mRNA的表达水平。结果:UVB照射组小鼠皮肤中HSP27 mRNA表达水平较空白对照组显著增高(P<0.05),不同剂量甘草、红景天、黄芪处理后可进一步上调HSP27表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:UVB照射可诱导小鼠皮肤HSP27 mRNA表达增加,甘草、红景天、黄芪可进一步诱导HSP27 mRNA表达增加。     

黄芩甙对紫外线诱导人正常黑素细胞黑素合成的抑制作用研究

体外培养黑素细胞（MC）分别经隔日长波紫外线（UVA）或中波紫外线（UVB）照射和（或）黄芩处理后，观察细胞增殖情况，测定酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量。结果：（1）UVA使细胞增殖增快，但剂量较大时增殖减发电量；UVB使细胞增殖减慢。二者均可使细胞酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量高于对照组。（2）黄芩具有抑制UVA和UVB诱导的MC增殖、酪氨酸酶活性及黑素合成改变的作用。提示黄芩能抑制UVA和UVB诱导的细胞反应，还可通过抑制酪氨酸酶减少MC黑素合成。     

UVB致成纤维细胞损伤及两种中药的保护作用研究

目的观察中波紫外线(UVB)辐射后成纤维细胞(FB)DNA光产物环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD s)产生和清除情况及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)和黄芩甙的干预作用。方法以30,60,90 m J/cm2UVB照射FB并予EGCG及黄芩甙干预处理,采用免疫细胞化学法在照光后不同时间检测CPD s的产生和清除情况。结果细胞损伤程度随照光剂量加大而加重;30 m J/cm2UVB照射后细胞CPD s生成量在辐射后1 h左右达到高峰,同时细胞也开始清除CP-D s,辐射后4 h内清除速率较快,4 h后清除速率逐渐降低,至24 h基本清除CPD s;EGCG和黄芩甙处理UVB辐射的细胞CPD s少于单纯照光组(P<0.05)。结论UVB辐射可以导致FB的DNA损伤而产生光产物CPD s;细胞损伤程度显示剂量依赖性;细胞自身有修复能力;EGCG和黄芩甙均可降低UVB辐射所致的光产物水平。     

Mitigation of acute ultraviolet B radiation-mediated damages by baicalin in mouse skin

Background: Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, in particular UVB with a wavelength range between 290 and 320 nm, induces different hazardous effects on the skin, including sunburn, photoaging and cancer. Protection against sun-induced damage is therefore a highly desirable goal. Chemoprevention is being investigated as a potential approach for the management of UV damages including skin cancer.
Aim: In this study, to determine the relevance of our in vitro findings to in vivo situations, we assessed the effects of baicalin on UVB-mediated damages in mice skin.
Methods: Balb/C hairless mice were topically pretreated (24 h before UVB) or post-treated (5 min after UVB) with baicalin (1 mg/cm² skin area/mouse/100 μl acetone) and were exposed to UVB 24 h later (180 mJ/cm²). The animals were sacrificed 1 and 24 h after the UVB exposure. Skin edema, histopathology changes, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs)-positive cells were assessed to determine the UVB-induced photodamage.
Results: Our data demonstrated that a topical application of baicalin, either as a pretreatment or as a post-treatment, resulted in a significant decrease in UVB mediated increases in skin edema, skin hyperplasia and infiltration of leukocytes. Further, baicalin treatments (pre and post) also resulted in a significant decrease in UVB mediated (1) generation of H₂O₂ and (2) formation of DNA photolesions: CPDs.
Conclusion: Based on these data, we suggest that baicalin could be developed as an agent for the management of conditions elicited by UV exposure including skin cancer.     

UVB radiation-mediated inhibition of contact hypersensitivity reactions is dependent on the platelet-activating factor system

Through its ability to both induce immunosuppression and act as a carcinogen, UVB radiation plays a major role in cutaneous malignancies. Recent studies have indicated that UVB-mediated inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions is mediated, in part, by the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). The objective of this study was to further define the mechanism by which UVB inhibits contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions. UVB irradiation resulted in an inhibition of subsequent CHS to the chemical DNFB in wild-type, but not in PAF-R-deficient mice. UVB-mediated inhibition of CHS was also blocked by a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor or a neutralizing antibody directed against IL-10. UVB irradiation upregulated IL-10 mRNA levels in lymph nodes and spleen only to significant levels in PAF-R-expressing mice. Bone marrow transplantation studies demonstrated that UVB-mediated immunomodulatory effects were dependent on PAF-R-positive bone marrow. These studies suggest that UVB irradiation results in epidermal production of PAF agonists, which then act on PAF-R-positive bone marrow-derived cells to upregulate IL-10 through COX-2-generated prostaglandins.     

Augmentation of UVB radiation-mediated early gene expression by the epidermal platelet-activating factor receptor

UVB radiation (UVB) is a known inducer of many biological changes in human skin, and triggers the production of glycerophosphocholines that act as platelet-activating factor (PAF) agonists. To gain a better insight into the role of the epidermal PAF receptor (PAF-R) in UVB-mediated gene expression, Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays were used to compare mRNA expression in the PAF-R-negative epithelial cell line KB-expressing PAF-Rs (KBP) with that in KB cells transduced with a vector control (KBM). Total RNA was isolated from KB cells 1 hour after treatment with a PAF-R agonist or UVB irradiation. Treatment of KBP with PAF agonist resulted in altered expression of 220 genes, including cytokines and growth factors. UVB irradiation of KB cells resulted in an increased expression of genes in both cell types. A panel of genes including cytokines CCL20 (MIP3alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were upregulated selectively in KBP cells and are also selectively upregulated in response to PAF agonist. Consistent with these in vitro findings, UVB irradiation resulted in increased levels of epidermal CCL20 and TNF-alpha mRNA in wild-type over PAF-R-deficient mice in vivo. These studies provide evidence that the epidermal PAF-R can modulate UVB-mediated early gene expression.     

Effect of A. polygama APEE (Actinidia polygama ethanol extract) or APWE (Actinidia polygama water extract) on wrinkle formation in UVB-irradiated hairless mice

Background

Actinidia polygama (silver vine) is considered a medical plant which has been used in oriental medicine. It has been used for the treatment of pain, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation. Few studies reported on the effect of Actinidia polygama (silver vine) on skin photoaging.

Objective

To evaluate the anti-photoaging effect of the ethanol and water extracts of A. polygama (APEE and APWE, respectively) in UVB-irradiated hairless mice.

Methods

SKH-1 hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (30–60 mJ/cm²), following orally APEE or APWE oral administration for 10 weeks. We examined the effect on winkle improvement by a measuring Fullscope, PRIMOS, Craniometer, and Cutometer. Furthermore, we analyzed histological changes in mouse dorsal skin through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) was analyzed by immunoblotting.

Results

Oral administration of APEE or APWE at 100 or 200 mg/kg in UVB-irradiated mice alleviated the symptoms of skin aging, such as wrinkling, epidermal hyperplasia, and water loss. In addition, the APEE or APWE oral administration increased skin elasticity by enhancing the production of type I collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) expression.

Conclusion

Based on results for our study, APEE or APWE could protect the UVB-mediated skin wrinkle and is new target for the developing anti-wrinkle cosmetics.     

In vivo response of GsdmA3Dfl/+ mice to topically applied anti-psoriatic agents: effects on epidermal thickness, as determined by optical coherence tomography and H&E staining

This study evaluated in vivo the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine changes in thickness of the epidermis in response to the topically applied anti-psoriatics betamethasone dipropionate (BD), salicylic acid (SA) and also fish oil (FO). GsdmA3Dfl/+ mice have an inflammatory hair loss phenotype that includes hyperproliferation and epidermal thickening, hence a potential psoriasis model. Changes in epidermal thickness were evaluated over a period of 10 days, with the mice treated with combined BD + SA, FO + SA and BD + FO + SA. The data were validated with conventional measurement using H&E staining coupled with microscopy. Initial baseline measurement revealed an average epidermal thickness of 26.92 ± 1.17 μm. After 10 days of treatment with BD, the average epidermal thickness was reduced by 38.8% (P = 0.0001), and inversely, treatment with FO resulted in an unexpected 105% increase (P = 0.0001) in epidermal thickness. Combined BD + FO treatment did not cause any significant change (P = 0.3755) and may further indicate opposing effects on keratinocyte proliferation. The data obtained using OCT were statistically the same as those obtained by H&E/microscopy (P = 0.4325), supporting a greater role for OCT in dermatological studies, while also allowing a reduction in the number of animals used in such studies as sacrifice at individual timepoints is not necessary.     

局部外用一氧化氮供体对屏障功能破坏的小鼠表皮增生的影响

目的:探讨一氧化氮（NO）对屏障功能破坏的小鼠表皮增生的影响。方法:将15只SKH1无毛小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组（3只）、S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺（SNAP）处理组（4只）、屏障破坏组（4只）、屏障破坏+SNAP处理组（4只）;将15只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、屏障破坏组、屏障破坏+硝普钠（SN...     

Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis

Solar UV radiation, in particular its UVB component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects, the most damaging of which is skin cancer. Here, we assessed the photochemopreventive effect of delphinidin, a major anthocyanidin present in many pigmented fruits and vegetables, on UVB-mediated responses in human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes and SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. We found that pretreatment of cells with delphinidin (1-20 microM for 24 hours) protected against UVB (15-30 mJ/cm2, 24 hours)-mediated (i) decrease in cell viability and (ii) induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment of HaCaT cells with delphinidin inhibited UVB-mediated (i) increase in lipid peroxidation; (ii) formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); (iii) decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression; (iv) increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage; (v) activation of caspases; (vi) increase in Bax; (vii) decrease in Bcl-2; (viii) upregulation of Bid and Bak; and (ix) downregulation of Bcl-xL. Topical application of delphinidin (1 mg/0.1 ml DMSO/mouse) to SKH-1 hairless mouse skin inhibited UVB-mediated apoptosis and markers of DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-OHdG. Taken together our results suggest that treatment of HaCaT cells and mouse skin with delphinidin inhibited UVB-mediated oxidative stress and reduced DNA damage, thereby protecting the cells from UVB-induced apoptosis.     

点阵Er:YAG激光对小鼠皮肤胶原纤维及弹性纤维的影响

目的:评价不同能量点阵铒:钇铝石榴石(Er:YAG)激光对小鼠皮肤胶原纤维及弹性纤维的影响。方法:根据激光照射能量的不同将126只雌性昆明种小鼠分为高能量组(75 J/cm~2)、低能量组(43.8 J/cm~2)和对照组,观察每组不同时间皮肤组织学变化。结果:高能量组胶原纤维、弹力纤维数量及真皮厚度高于低能量组,但红斑水肿期延长;在接受激光照射后1个月内,胶原纤维、弹力纤维增加速度较快。结论:随着照射能量的增加,点阵(Er:YAG)激光对真皮层胶原及弹力纤维的增生刺激相应增强,但相应的副作用也随之增加。     

三种黄芩提取物诱导人皮肤鳞状细胞癌SCL-1细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素3种黄芩提取物对人皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞株SCL-1细胞凋亡的影响。 方法 将培养的SCL-1细胞分别用浓度为12.5、25、50、75、100 μmol/L的3种黄芩提取物作用12、24、48 h后,噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测上述药物对SCL-1细胞的生长抑制作用。膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙锭双染法和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测SCL-1细胞凋亡率。流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。应用线性内差法,测定半数抑制浓度（IC50）;两样本均数比较用Student t检验;多样本均数比较采用方差分析,各样本之间多重比较采用SNK-q检验。 结果 3种黄芩提取物均可抑制SCL-1细胞的生长,并具有浓度及时间依赖性（均P ＜ 0.01）;在相同的药物浓度及作用时间下,黄芩素对SCL-1细胞生长抑制作用最强,黄芩苷抑制作用最弱,汉黄芩素抑制作用介于二者之间,差异具有统计学意义（均P ＜ 0.01）。12.5 μmol/L黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素分别作用SCL-1细胞48 h均可诱导SCL-1细胞凋亡并阻滞细胞周期的进程,其中G1期细胞比例分别为56.37% ± 2.41%、74.23% ± 2.02%、64.15% ± 1.87%,早期凋亡率分别为8.09% ± 1.02%、24.13% ± 0.76%、14.45% ± 1.57%,与对照组（45.04% ± 1.93%,4.12% ± 0.29%）比较,差异均有统计学意义（F = 83.29,186.37,均P ＜ 0.01）;其中黄芩素作用最强,其次为汉黄芩素,黄芩苷作用最弱。 结论 黄芩能抑制SCL-1细胞生长并诱导其凋亡,为皮肤鳞状细胞癌的中药治疗开拓新的思路。