改良髌旁外侧入路用于外翻膝人工全膝关节置换术

目的探索外翻膝人工全膝关节置换入路与软组织平衡的新技术。方法设计并应用于临床兼有松解髌外侧支持带功能的改良髌旁外侧入路,通过平行分离髌骨外侧支持带深浅两层,并向外翻转脂肪垫暴露膝关节,术中松解髌骨外侧支持带、髂胫束或膝关节后外侧关节囊、膝外侧副韧带等紧张结构,假体安装后错位缝合外侧支持带深层与浅层,既维持了松解的外侧支持带的适当张力和髌股关节正常活动轨迹,又确保了术后深筋膜的闭合。术后2周内行CPM锻炼,2周后扶拐行走。结果11例患者下肢力线从术前平均外翻10.2°矫正至平均内翻1.5°,膝关节冠状面畸形矫正率达85.3%。术后伤口愈合良好,术后2个月伸屈活动度平均达105°,11例患者均可自如地平地行走,其中9例可上下楼梯。膝关节稳定性好。结论改良髌旁外侧入路能较方便地显露膝关节外侧稳定结构,有利于对外侧挛缩结构的精确松解,并保持良好的髌股关节活动轨迹,是严重外翻膝行全膝关节置换的良好入路。     

Subvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty

The subvastus approach for total knee replacement was compared with the standard medial parapatellar approach in terms of postoperative knee scores and quadriceps strength. Two groups of patients with similar characteristics were formed: the first group consisted of 12 knees of 9 patients who were implanted via the medial parapatellar approach, and for the second group the subvastus approach was used in 10 knees of 10 patients. The groups' knee scores and quadriceps strength were compared preoperatively and postoperatively at week 6, months 3 and 6. The knee scores improved similarly in both groups, but the change was more pronounced in the subvastus group. Quadriceps strength was greater in the subvastus group at postoperative week 6, but there was no significant difference between the groups in months 3 and 6. It was concluded that although the subvastus approach offers greater quadriceps strength in the early postoperative period, it has no significant advantage in this aspect over the medial parapatellar approach.     

Early results of subvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in primary total knee arthroplasty

Introduction To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results immediately after total knee arthroplasty, we compared the parapatellar and subvastus approach.Materials and methods Fifty-two patients with osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to two groups. The measurement was based on clinical and radiographic features.Results There was a significant difference in passive range of motion. Patients in the subvastus approach group revealed a full knee extension and flexion of 90° significantly earlier than those in the parapatellar group. However, on the day of discharge, both groups were comparable. Radiological assessment revealed analogous results in both groups. Correction of varus or valgus deformity was required in 48 patients.Conclusion Regardless of the surgical approach, the anteroposterior tibial femoral angle improved significantly in both groups. Concerning pain, operation time, blood loss, blood substitution and complications, no major differences could be seen.     

Subvastus and medial parapatellar approaches in total knee arthroplasty

This retrospective study compared the outcome of two consecutive groups of patients having primary total knee arthroplasty. The arthroplasties were performed in the first group (169 arthroplasties in 143 patients) from 1988 to 1992 using a medial parapatellar approach, and in the second group (167 arthroplasties in 148 patients) from 1992 to 1996 using a subvastus approach. The patient outcomes were evaluated at 6 months, and were based on clinical and radiographic measures, occurrence of intraoperative lateral retinacular release, and incidence of postoperative patellar subluxation. There were no significant differences between the two groups for range of motion, Knee Society knee and function scores, and stair climbing ability. The patella tracked centrally in significantly more knees with the subvastus approach (139 of 167 knees, 83%) than with the parapatellar approach (107 of 169 knees, 63%). There were significantly fewer knees in the subvastus group requiring a lateral retinacular release (62 of 167 knees, 37%), compared with the parapatellar group (113 of 169 knees, 67%). The authors concluded that the subvastus approach led to improved patellar tracking and stability. Although the surgical and rehabilitative protocols were identical for both groups, the results may have been affected by changing circumstances during the 9-year period of the study.     

A sequential three-step lateral release for correcting fixed valgus knee deformities during total knee arthroplasty

An approach to mild, moderate, and severe fixed valgus deformities of the knee is described. The sequential approach to soft-tissue releases in the fixed valgus knee allows the surgeon to regain a neutral alignment in valgus deformities of up to 90 degrees. An additional benefit of the approach is spontaneous correction of fixed external tibial rotation deformities. Using this approach, early and late stability allows the use of unconstrained knee implants, including those with mobile-bearing elements.     

Modified lateral approach for knee arthroplasty in a fixed valgus knee--the medial quadriceps snip

Background The evaluation of a total hip prosthesis would be most complete if the opinion of the patient, surgeon and the radiographs are combined. Disease specific patient outcome questionnaires are scarce, especially in Dutch.

Methods The disease-specific 12-item questionnaire on the perception of patients with total hip replacement was translated into Dutch. We also investigated the extra value of two specific hip items, “the need for walking aids” and “sexual problems because of the hip”, four general items on overall satisfaction and one question about patient classification. The 14 hip-specific items were each scored from 1 (least difficulties) to 5 (most difficulties). The Dutch translation, the “Oxford Heup Score” (OHS) was tested on psychometric quality in a multicenter prospective study.

Results The psychometric results of the OHS proved to be adequate. In the first postoperative year the score was very sensitive to changes, whereas in the second year it did not change significantly. The two added hip-specific questions were both filled out positively by more than 50% of the patients and thus fit perfectly into a hip-specific patient outcome questionnaire such as the OHS.

Interpretation The OHS proves to be an appropriate instrument for assessment of the outcome of total hip replacement from the patient's perspective. Together with the judgement of the surgeon, it provides useful insights into the question of whether this operation has been a success or not.     

运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术

目的：评价运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术的临床效果。方法前瞻性分析2009年1月至2013年12月在广州市正骨医院膝关节外科用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁置换的41例患者（41膝）,手术均采用Biomet Oxford Ⅲ骨水泥型人工单髁假体,随访时间最少12个月。根据术前Kujala膝前痛评分将所有病例分为膝前痛组（19例）和对照组（22例）,记录并分析其手术前后的膝关节活动度,HSS评分及Kujala膝前痛评分,以评价其手术前后膝关节尤其是髌股关节功能的恢复程度。结果两组的术前和术后HSS评分、Kujala膝前痛评分存在统计学差异,膝前痛组的分值更低。两组术后HSS评分的提高程度无统计学差异,而Kujala膝前痛评分的提高则是膝前痛组更显著。结论运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术安全可行,创伤小,疗效良好,术中可观察、处理髌股关节病变,甚至改善髌骨轨迹,提示该入路对内侧间室合并髌股关节病变的患者更加适合。     

Clinical comparison of valgus and varus deformities in primary total knee arthroplasty following midvastus approach

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare clinical parameters in preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative categories between valgus and varus deformities in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following midvastus approach. We compared 83 patients (83 TKAs in valgus) with 949 patients (1084 TKAs in varus), with a mean follow-up of 72 months. In valgus deformity, mean age and body mass index at TKA were younger and smaller with more percentage of patellar subluxation. Cutting thickness from distal femur, tibial plateau, and lateral aspect of posterior femur were significantly different. The incidence of lateral release was 10.8% in valgus and 2.1% in varus. Although several significant differences were observed in preoperative and perioperative categories, the postoperative functional results were similarly evaluated by Knee Society knee and function scores.     

全膝关节置换术经股内侧肌下入路与经内侧髌旁入路临床疗效的META分析

[目的]系统评价经股内侧肌下入路行膝关节置换术的可行性及安全性。[方法]计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆、OVID/Medline和中国万方数据库。全面收集有关股内侧肌下入路对比传统内侧髌旁入路的临床随机对照研究,按Cochrane协作网提供的风险偏倚评估工具对文献的方法学偏倚进行评价,提取文献数据并使用Rev Man 5.3.0软件进行Meta分析。[结果]最终纳入13篇文献,其中12篇随机对照研究,1篇半随机对照研究,共1 246例膝关节。Meta分析结果显示在术后直腿抬高时间、早期KSS功能评分方面股内侧肌入路优于传统内侧髌旁入路,但在手术时间、术后疼痛、膝关节活动度及术后并发症的差异无统计学意义。[结论]与传统内侧髌旁入路相比,经股内侧肌入路行全膝关节置换在术后早期KSS功能评分及直腿抬高时间上有优势,但手术时间、术后疼痛、膝关节活动度及术后并发症差异无统计学意义。     

小切口股内侧与髌旁内侧入路行全膝置换术的比较研究

[目的]探讨经小切口股内侧肌入路行TKA的优点并与传统髌旁内侧入路的疗效进行比较.[方法]自2002年5月～2006年5月共收治行TKA56例60膝,其中采用小切口股内侧肌入路和传统髌旁内侧人路各28例30膝.分别对术后切口长度、疼痛度、引流出血量、手术前后Hb减少量、直腿抬高时间、术后住院天数、假体力线对位、术后6、12周、1年的活动度(ROM)及术后1年HSS评分进行比较分析.[结果]56例患者均获得随访,随访1～1.5年(平均13.2个月).两组除各有1例胫骨假体对位不良外,其余均获得准确的力线对位.微创组,平均切口11.3 cm,VAS评分平均2.76分,平均引流出血量96.8 ml、术后Hb平均减少25.5 g,直腿抬高平均3.8 d,术后平均住院8.6 d,术后6、12周的ROM分别为107°、117°;传统组,平均切口20.6 cm,VAS评分平均3.8分,平均引流出血量276.3 ml、术后Hb平均减少32.5 g,直腿抬高平均5.8 d,术后平均住院12.1 d,术后6、12周的ROM分别为98°、108°.以上各观察指标的手术疗效比较,经统计学分析显示差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).微创组术后1年的ROM及HSS评分为121°和95分相对于传统组的118°和94分差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).[结论]经微创中股入路行全膝置换术,术后膝关节功能恢复快,早期疗效满意.     

Comparison of the modified subvastus and medial parapatellar approaches in total knee arthroplasty

In this paper, we evaluated the difference between the modified subvastus approach and the medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty(TKA). We assessed the time of active straight-leg raise (SLR) post-operatively and the range of flexion of the operated knee at the tenth post-operative day, 6 weeks and 6 months, 12 months and 3 years. We investigated the degree of the patellar tilt and subluxation 24 months post-operatively. The patients who underwent the modified subvastus approach performed active SLR earlier (mean 0.5 days) than the medial parapatellar approach patients (mean 2.2 days). Knee flexion was better at the tenth post-operative day in the modified subvastus approach group compared to the medial parapatellar approach group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to the patellar tilt and subluxation. We conclude that the modified subvastus approach is recommendable in primary TKA.

---

Résumé  Nous avons évalué la différence entre l’abord médial para patellaire et l’abord modifié subvastus lors de la mise en place d’une prothèse totale du genou. Nous avons apprécié le temps de récupération post-opératoire de l’extension active du genou et le degré de flexion de celui-ci à 10 jours, 6 semaines, 6, 12 et 36 mois. Nous avons également exploré les complications rotuliennes, notamment subluxations à 24 mois. Les patients ayant bénéficié d’un abord subvastus récupèrent une extension active plus précoce (en moyenne de 0,5 jours), contre 2,2 jours pour l’abord médian. L’amélioration de la flexion du genou est également meilleure à 10 jours post-opératoire dans ce groupe. Il n’y a pas de différence significative entre ces deux groupes en ce qui concerne les problèmes rotuliens. Nous pensons que l’abord subvastus est à recommander dans la mise en place d’une prothèse totale du genou.

     

Lateral approach is advantageous in total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformed knee

Introduction

For the total knee arthroplasty in valgus deformed knee, superiority of the medial or lateral approach is still controversial. We compared the short-term result of two approach groups.

Materials and methods

Forty-seven knees in rheumatoid arthritis with valgus deformity from 6° to 24° were randomly divided into two group; medial approach (24 knees) and lateral approach (24 knees). We used Scorpio NRG PS for all knees. Median postoperative periods were 43 months in both groups. We compared the surgical time, and alignment on standing radiograph, range of motion (ROM) pre/postoperatively, and degrees of soft-tissue release procedure, and lateral laxity measured by stress radiograph immediately after operation and at final follow-up.

Result

Pre/postoperative alignment, surgical time, lateral laxity, and preoperative ROM had no significant in two groups; however, postoperative flexion was superior in lateral approach group 123.8°, 109° in medial approach group. All cases required iliotibial band (ITB) release at Gerdy’s tubercle, 83 % ITB at joint level, 21 % lateral collateral ligament (LCL), 17 % popliteus tendon (PT) in medial approach group, and 88 % ITB at Gerdy’s tubercle, 46 % ITB at joint level, 13 % LCL, 4 % PT in lateral approach group.

Discussion

In the valgus knee, lateral structures are tight. Lateral approach can directly adjust the tight structure, and also less vascular compromise to the patella than medial approach with lateral patellar release. Less invasiveness to the quadriceps muscle in lateral approach could result into better range of motion after the surgery.     

Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee using a standard medial approach

Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee poses specific problems to the surgeon, such as the presence of ligament tightness on the lateral side. It has been claimed in the past that approaching the knee from the lateral side through a lateral parapatellar arthrotomy may therefore be a more logical and easier technique than the standard medial approach used conventionally. Many surgeons however do not wish to change their routine practice and therefore wish to stick to the classical medial approach they are used to, even in the presence of an underlying valgus deformity. In this paper, we therefore report the technical considerations that one should take into account when addressing the valgus knee through a standard medial approach. These include tightness of the lateral soft tissues, stretching of the medial collateral ligament, lateral bowing of the femoral shaft, and a tendency for lateralized patellar tracking. A review of 125 consecutive valgus knees treated at our institution through a standard medial approach while using these principles, has demonstrated an excellent operative outcome in the majority of cases.     

髌旁外侧髂胫束止点剥离入路TKA治疗膝外翻

[目的]探讨髌旁外侧联合髂胫束Gerdy结节止点剥离入路全膝关节置换治疗外翻膝的临床疗效。[方法]2016年10月～2017年11月在本科接受膝关节置换的外翻膝患者39例,包括18例髌旁外侧联合髂胫束Gerdy结节止点剥离入路(外侧入路组)和21例髌旁内侧入路(内侧入路组)。比较两组患者围手术期与随访资料。[结果]外侧入路组中除3例重度外翻膝患者接受进一步松解外侧副韧带和后外侧关节囊外,其余患者将髂胫束自Gerdy结节止点处骨膜下完全剥离并咬除外侧增生骨赘后,外翻畸形得到一次性纠正。外侧入路组手术时间短于内侧入路组(P0.05),外侧入路组直腿抬高时间短于内侧入路组(P0.05),外翻畸形矫正度数两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组早期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12～25个月,平均(18.89±4.36)个月。两组膝关节稳定性、假体位置及下肢力线均良好,平均HKA角、FFC角及FTC角差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前相比,两组患者术后不同时间点VAS、ROM和KSS评分均得到明显改善,但两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]髌旁外侧联合髂胫束Gerdy结节止点剥离入路行全膝关节置换在显露膝关节的同时即可松解外侧挛缩的结构,从而获得良好的力线平衡。此外,该术式操作简单,可以减少手术时间,是外翻膝行关节置换的良好入路。     

Biochemical stress evaluation after medial parapatellar and subvastus approach in total knee replacement

Introduction

Even if different surgical approaches for total knee arthroplasty are well known since decades, the standard medial parapatellar incision remains the most common one; general agreement about significant advantages with minimally invasive techniques is lacking. Furthermore, the surgical stress effect on the organism has always been analyzed through blood inflammatory parameters. This study aim was to compare the standard and subvastus approaches, using the salivary cortisol in particular as measure for systemic surgery-related stress.

Methods

Fifteen operations were performed in a consecutive series; clinical (Knee Society Knee Scoring System., a questionnaire score, range of motion, tourniquet time, intra-operative bleeding) and biochemical factors (salivary and hematic cortisol, C-reactive protein, muscular creatine phosphokinase levels) were evaluated. The final follow-up was at two months after the operation.

Results

No significant differences were observed in most of the parameters; however, the subvastus group had a sharper and earlier functional improvement trend than the standard one. On the other side, it increased the CPK levels significantly.

Conclusions

In our experience, the medial subvastus approach, firstly associated with greater surgical stress, has then been characterized by a more favorable functional improvement trend. Moreover, the salivary cortisol measurement has proved to be a non-invasive and reliable method to evaluate the systemic surgery-related stress.