小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素分析

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素。方法 纳入湖南省儿童医院2018年6月至2022年6月明确诊断并已行腹腔镜手术治疗的小儿先天性胆总管囊肿85例，根据术后有无并发胆管炎分为并发组(n=14)及未并发组(n=71),对比两组患儿临床特征。logistic回归分析小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素。结果 并发组贫血、合并胆道结石、囊肿直径>5 cm、术前白蛋白≤30 g/L、术中出血量>60 mL、术前总胆红素>1.7μmol/L分别为9例、11例、10例、10例、11例、12例，明显高于未并发组的28.17%(20/71)、40.85%(29/71)、30.99%(22/71)、42.25%(30/71)、45.07%(37/71)、35.21%(25/71)(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析证实，贫血、有合并胆道结石、囊肿直径>5 cm、术前白蛋白≤30 g/L、术中出血量>60 mL、术前总胆红素>1.7μmol/L均是小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因...     

婴儿肝炎综合征、胆道闭锁、胆总管囊肿与巨细胞病毒感染的关系

目的:探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染与婴儿肝炎综合征(IHS)、胆道闭锁、胆总管囊肿的关系．方法:采用ELISA法和免疫组化法对IHS患儿 98例、胆道闭锁患儿50例、胆总管囊肿患儿 50例血尿及其母亲血和乳汁进行检测,同时检测62例非肝胆疾病患儿及其母亲．结果:血CMV-IgM阳性率IHS组61．2％,其母亲33．7％;胆道闭锁组56．0％,其母亲36．0％; 胆总管囊肿组22．0%,其母亲6．0％．对照组阳性率22．6％,其母亲8．1％．患儿尿HCMV抗原阳性率HIS组71．4％,其母亲乳汁HCMV抗原 91．8％;胆道闭锁组62．0％,其母亲82．0％;胆总管囊肿组20．0％,其母亲54．0％．对照组阳性率24．2％,其母亲乳汁56．5％．IHS组及胆道闭锁组患儿及其母亲阳性率分别高于对照组患儿及其母亲(P<0．01),胆总管囊肿组患儿及其母亲阳性率均不高于对照组患儿及其母亲 (P>0．05)．结论:IHS及胆道闭锁的发病与HCMV感染有关,胆总管囊肿的发病与HCMV感染无明显相关性．     

囊肿切除、空肠间置治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

1986～2002年,我们采用囊肿切除、空肠间置加矩形瓣防反流手术治疗小儿胆总管囊肿39例,疗效满意。现报告如下。 临床资料:本组男11例,女28例;年龄1个月至14岁。临床表现有腹痛病史33例,间断性黄疸19例,腹部可及包块21例,间断性腹痛、黄疸、腹部包块三联症10例。术前均经B超、十二指肠钡餐及CT检查确诊为先天性胆总管囊肿。 手术方法:连续硬膜外麻醉,平卧位,取右肋缘下斜切口入腹。穿刺吸取胆汁做细菌培养,并注入庆大霉素。切开囊肿     

41例伴肝功能受损的先天性胆总管囊肿手术前后肝功能变化及术式分析

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的临床手术方法对肝功能改善的作用及其长期疗效的分析。方法回顾性研究2009年9月至2013年12月手术治疗的先天性胆总管囊肿患者41例,其中男性23例,女性18例,年龄1.5~14岁。所有病例均经影像学确诊后行囊肿及胆囊切除、肝总管-空肠Roux-Y吻合术。术前、术后1周分别测定血清肝功能指标[TBil、直接胆红素(DBil)、ALT、AST]进行比较。结果 41例患者术前检测TBil和DBil,其中27例术前高于正常值,其术后TBil和DBil值较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);另外14例在正常参考值范围内,其术后TBil和DBil值较术前差异无显著性(P0.01);两者术前ALT和AST指标均高于正常值,且术后均明显下降,术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。长期随访37例预后良好。2例患者术后肝胆管结石伴胆管炎,两次手术经原吻合口处切开取石后缓解。其中1例伴有左肝外叶纤维化,予切除部分左肝。2例患者在术后早期出现了并发症,1例出现急性胰腺炎,1例出现肠黏连肠梗阻,经保守治疗后均缓解。结论囊肿及胆囊切除、肝总管-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的最佳手术方法。     

不同Todani分型小儿先天性胆总管囊肿CT表现

目的 探讨CT术前检查诊断不同Todani分型小儿先天性胆总管囊肿(CCC)效能.方法 2013年1月 ～2020年6月我院收治的CCC患儿126例,入院后接受CT平扫和增强扫描.所有患儿接受外科手术治疗,以术后组织病理学诊断为金标准,判断术前CT检查诊断Todani分型的效能.结果 在126例患儿中,术后组织病理学诊...     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗胆总管囊肿的可行性分析

目的对完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗胆总管囊肿的可行性进行分析。方法胆总管囊肿患儿108例按照手术方式分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,各54例,开腹组性常规开腹术式,腹腔镜组行完全腹腔镜术式,比较两组患儿术后手术时间、术中出血量、恢复排气时间、进食时间及平均住院时间;并发症情况;随访情况;结果两组随访率100%;开腹组患儿术中出血量、排气时间、进食时间、住院时间均显著多于腹腔镜组(P0.05),而手术时间则显著少于腹腔镜组(P0.05);开腹组并发症发生率为16.67%,两组并发症发生率存在显著性差异(χ2=8.973,P=0.028)。结论完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除并Roux-ell-Y胆肠吻合术,具有创伤小、出血量少、恢复快等特点,可行性较高。     

儿童腹部大手术术中补钾与术后补钾疗效比较

20 0 1年 2～ 12月 ,我们共行儿童腹部大手术 46例。对该组患儿术中与术后第 3天开始补钾 ,并进行对比观察 ,发现术中开始补钾有助于预防和治疗术后低血钾症 ,促进肠蠕动恢复。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 3 0例 ,女 16例 ;年龄 2～ 11岁 ,平均 6.7岁 ;体重 11.5～ 3 5 kg,平均 18.4kg。其中巨结肠根治术 2 1例 ,经腹会阴肛门成形术 8例 ,胆总管囊肿切除术 7例 ,小肠肿瘤切除术 7例 ,胰腺囊肿切除术 3例。术前心电图、X线胸透及各项实验室检查都在正常范围。方法 :46例患儿随机分为实验组 (3 3例 )和对照组 (2 8例 )。实验组术中即开始按…     

胆总管探查术中应用纤维胆道镜的护理体会

1998～ 2 0 0 0年我院应用纤维胆道镜行胆总管探查术 182例 ,现将护理体会总结如下。临床资料 :本组 182例中 ,男 78例 ,女 10 4例 ;年龄 2 2～79岁 ;初次手术 12 7例 ,二次手术 5 5例。术前诊断 :胆总管结石 72例 ,肝内胆管结石 5 8例 ,胆总管囊肿 2 9例 ,胆管及相邻组织的恶性肿瘤 2 3例。护理体会 :1物品准备 :应用配有监视系统的Olym pu CHP2 0型纤维胆道镜。术前应将胆道镜、取石网、活检钳、碎石钳等置于密闭薰箱内 ,用福尔马林薰蒸 4 h消毒备用 ,另备胆道镜冷光源、电视目镜接头、术中冲洗用的输液器、生理盐水、吸引器及各种型号…     

婴儿巨大先天性胆总管囊肿一例

先天性胆总管囊肿并非少见,但对于婴儿,增长极为迅速且不伴有发热及黄疸的巨大胆总管囊肿较罕见。患儿女性,6个月,于出生后1个月发现腹部胀大,并逐渐加重,经常哭闹不止。     

小儿胰腺炎与胰胆管合流异常临床分析

目的探讨小儿胰腺炎和胰胆管合流异常（APBDU）的关系。方法选择以腹痛、呕吐为主要表现入院诊断为胰腺炎的患儿18例,并与进一步行腹部肝胆胰腺B超、CT检查和核磁共振胰胆管成像等影像学检查有胰胆管病变的患儿进行对比研究。结果 18例患儿中诊断急性胰腺炎14例,慢性胰腺炎4例。18例胰腺炎患儿先天胆总管扩张6例,胆管扩张1例,胆总管囊肿5例,APBDU 6例（不伴胆管扩张）。9例接受手术治疗6,例胰腺炎治愈,3例好转;1例胰腺胸膜瘘患儿接受ERCP支架扩张术治疗病情好转出院;7例内科保守治疗临床稳定出院;1例未愈。结论 APBDU是导致胆源性胰腺炎的重要原因之一,寻找胰腺炎患儿潜在的胰胆管解剖学上发育异常和异常胆道病变,利于病因治疗、提高预后。     

Prevalence,Self-Awareness,Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Lhasa,Tibet

To investigate the prevalence, self-awareness, and treatment of hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet, a total of 1370 native Tibetan aged ≥18 years were selected, using stratified proportional sampling. The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 51.2%, significantly higher in men (56.0%) than in women (48.0%) (P = .004). The hypertension prevalence increased with increasing age (77.8% in 60–74 y and 82.5% in ≥75 y groups) and was higher in urban, suburban, or agricultural area than in pastoral area (P < .001). The self-awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 63.5%, 24.3% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, age, urban residence, amount of daily intake of fat and oil, and body mass index <18.5 kg/m² were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, hypertension was highly prevalent among native Tibetan people in Lhasa, and the rates of self-awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were low.     

Prevalence, correlates, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a middle-aged urban population in Kerala

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 314 middle-aged subjects (163 men; age range 40-60 years, mean 49 years) in urban Thiruvananthapuram City. Kerala, to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, examine its correlates, and assess the degree of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured by a nurse graduate using a mercury column sphygmomanometer and a standardized technique. We used multivariable analyses to examine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of hypertension. The overall prevalence of hypertension in our sample was 54.5% (men 56.3%, women 52.3%). The factors associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension were higher body-mass index (odds ratio for a value in the top tertile of 2.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-4.4), and older age (odds ratio for the age group 55-60 years of 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.6). An occupation involving moderate or greater physical activity was inversely associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.94). Among hypertensives, 39% were aware of the condition, while 29% were treated with blood pressure-lowering medications. Adequate control of elevated blood pressure was achieved in only 30.6% of treated hypertensives. In our community-based sample, over half of all middle-aged individuals were hypertensive, but less than a third were under treatment. Adequate control of hypertension was achieved in less than a third of the treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These observations re-emphasize the need for hypertension awareness programs targeting the general public and the increased use of opportunistic blood pressure screening, and underscore the importance of measures to increase the knowledge of current guidelines for the detection and treatment of hypertension among healthcare providers.     

Components of biological variation, including seasonality, in blood concentrations of TSH, TT3, FT4, PRL, cortisol and testosterone in healthy volunteers

OBJECTIVEThere are few detailed studies of annual or seasonal variations in hormone concentrations in man. This study examines the components of biological variation, including seasonality, in plasma TSH, total T3 (TT3), free T4 (FT4), PRL, cortisol and testosterone in healthy volunteers. DESIGNMonthly blood samplings for the assay of the above hormones were collected during one calendar year. SUBJECTSThirteen normal men and 13 normal women participated in the present study (mean age 38.7 ± 13.4 years). MEASUREMENTSAssays of TSH, TT3 and FT4 were carried out by means of Immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), PRL by ELISA, cortisol by a fluorescence immunoassay, and testosterone with RIA. The time series were analysed by means of (bivariate or multivariate) spectral and cosinor analyses. RESULTSSignificant annual, four-monthly and biannual rhythms were detected in serum TSH; the lowest TSH values were observed in spring. A significant annual rhythm was detected in TT3, with lower values in spring and summer than in the other seasons. The peak–trough differences in the yearly variation expressed as a percentage of the mean were 29.1% and 8.2% for TSH and TT3, respectively. The yearly variation in plasma cortisol was significantly different between men and women: in men, 5.9% of the variation was explained by an annual rhythm, while in women 14.7% was explained by the fourth and seventh harmonical wave. The peak–trough differences in the yearly variation in plasma cortisol were 17.6% and 31.8% in men and women, respectively. There were no significant seasonal rhythms in PRL, FT4 or testosterone. The intraindividual/interindividual CV values were: TSH 29.3/48.4%, TT3 9.4/18.5%, FT4 7.1/9.1%, PRL 39.2/65.0%, cortisol 21.7/46.2%, and testosterone 12.6/40.8%. CONCLUSIONSThe degree of individuality measured in the plasma hormones is such that conventional population-based reference ranges may not correctly identify major alterations in these hormones in individual subjects.     

Etiology of acute, non-malaria, febrile illnesses in Jayapura, northeastern Papua, Indonesia

We conducted a prospective, inpatient fever study in malaria-endemic Papua, Indonesia to determine non-malaria fever etiologies. Investigations included malaria blood films, blood culture, paired serologic samples analysis for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsia. During 1997-2000, 226 patients (127 males and 99 females) 1-80 years of age (median age = 25 years) were enrolled. Positive blood cultures (n = 34, 15%) were obtained for Salmonella Typhi (n = 13), Escherichia coli (n = 8), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5), Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Twenty (8.8%) patients were positive for leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction. Eighty (35.4%) of 226 patients had ≥ 1 positive serology, diagnostic for 15 rickettsial and 9 dengue cases. Acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum was obtained from three patients. Most common confirmed (81 of 226, 35.8%)/suspected diagnoses were typhoid fever (n = 41), pneumonia (n = 29), leptospirosis (n = 28), urinary tract infections (n = 20), rickettsioses (n = 19), dengue (n = 17), and meningitis/encephalitis (n = 15). There were 17 deaths, 7 (46.7%) were caused by meningitis/encephalitis. Multiple positive serologic results and few confirmed diagnoses indicate the need for improved diagnostics.     

Prevalence, detection, management, and control of hypertension in Ashanti, West Africa

Hypertension and stroke are important threats to the health of adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, detection of hypertension is haphazard and stroke prevention targets are currently unattainable. Prevalence, detection, management, and control of hypertension were assessed in 1013 men (n=385) and women (n=628), both aged 55 [SD 11] years, living in 12 villages in Ashanti, Ghana. Five hundred thirty two lived in semi-urban and 481 in rural villages. The participants underwent measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) and answered a detailed questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as BP > or =140 and/or > or =90 mm Hg or being on drug therapy. Women were heavier than men. Participants in semi-urban areas were heavier and had higher BP (129/76 [26/14] versus 121/72 [25/13] mm Hg; P<0.001 for both) than in rural areas. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.7% overall and comparable in men and women, but higher in semi-urban villages (32.9% [95% CI 28.9 to 37.1] versus 24.1% [20.4 to 28.2]), and increased with age. Detection rate was lower in men than women (13.9% versus 27.3%; P=0.007). Treatment and control rates were low in both groups (7.8% and 4.4% versus 13.6% and 1.7%). Detection, treatment, and control rates were higher in semi-urban (25.7%, 14.3%, and 3.4%) than in rural villages (16.4%, 6.9%, and 1.7%). Hypertension is common in adults in central Ghana, particularly in urban areas. Detection rates are suboptimal in both men and women, especially in rural areas. Adequate treatment of high BP is at a very low level. There is an urgent need for preventive strategies on hypertension control in Ghana.     

Prevalence,awareness, treatment,and control of hypertension in china

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the general adult population in China. The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in ASIA (InterASIA), conducted in 2000-2001, used a multistage cluster sampling method to select a nationally representative sample. A total of 15 540 adults, age 35 to 74 years, were examined. Three blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer after a 5-minute sitting rest. Information on history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure > or =140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. Overall, 27.2% of the Chinese adult population age 35 to 74 years, representing 129 824 000 persons, had hypertension. The age-specific prevalence of hypertension was 17.4%, 28.2%, 40.7%, and 47.3% in men and 10.7%, 26.8%, 38.9%, and 50.2% in women age 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years, and 65 to 74 years, respectively. Among hypertensive patients, only 44.7% were aware of their high blood pressure, 28.2% were taking antihypertensive medication, and 8.1% achieved blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg). Our results indicate that hypertension is highly prevalent in China. The percentages of those with hypertension who are aware, treated, and controlled are unacceptably low. These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention, detection, and treatment of hypertension in China.