自身免疫性胰腺炎MRI表现

目的 探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析经组织学和(或)类固醇激素治疗证实的11例AIP患者的MRI资料.结果 9例AIP表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大,2例为胰腺局限性肿大.11例病变区压脂T1WI信号明显减低,压脂T2 WI信号略增高,DWI病变区信号增高,动态增强后呈延迟强化;MRCP 8例显示胆总管胰头段呈鸟嘴样狭窄,6例胰管节段性狭窄,1例胰头部胰管局限性狭窄;5例胰腺病变区周围见包膜样结构,1例胰周间隙水肿;1例胰头周围淋巴结肿大及双肾多发结节.结论 AIP的MRI表现具有特征性.掌握AIP胰腺外病变的影像表现,有利于该病的诊断与鉴别诊断.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎MRI表现及随访分析

目的探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的MRI表现以及随访过程中影像动态变化。方法分析11例AIP病人的临床及MRI资料,观察AIP在类固醇治疗前、后不同时期的MRI表现。采用配对样本t检验,分别对初诊与自然病程下及初诊与类固醇治疗后的胰腺大小测量值进行比较。结果初诊时9例胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例胰头局限性肿大,1例胰体见局限性肿块;受累胰腺在T1WI低信号11例,T2WI高信号10例、等信号1例;4例显示胰周低信号带;胰腺病变区7例胰管不可见,2例间断显示,1例呈串珠状改变,1例胰体部胰管受压、移位;9例胰腺段胆管壁增厚。自然病程下随访,5例胰腺肿大程度及MRI信号异常与初诊病变相似,4例胆管壁病变范围较初诊病变加重。类固醇治疗后,6例胰腺肿大、MRI信号异常以及胆管壁增厚趋于正常,胰周低信号带消失。有效治疗后3例胰腺病变复发,复发性AIP的MRI表现与初诊病变相似,其中1例胰体尾前方出现假性囊肿。初诊与自然病程下胰腺大小差异无统计学意义(P0.05),初诊与类固醇治疗后胰腺大小差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AIP的MRI表现有一定特征,MRI可用于诊断AIP,评估类固醇疗效,长期随访以及了解有无病变复发。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的影像诊断

目的探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的动态增强CT及内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)影像学表现。方法收集并分析经组织病理学证实的7例AIP患者,治疗前的动态对比增强CT、ERCP检查资料及相关临床资料。结果 7例患者中,2例为弥漫型,5例为局限型AIP。治疗前增强CT检查显示受累胰腺早期强化程度弱于正常胰腺,呈延迟期轻中度强化;1例弥漫型AIP伴有肾脏低密度结节状病变。ERCP示各例AIP示主胰管弥漫或节段性狭窄,1例弥漫型和2例局限型AIP伴有胆管狭窄。类固醇激素治疗半年后CT复查显示,各例AIP胰腺炎症明显减轻,胰胆管狭窄改善。结论 AIP的影像表现具有一定特征性,类固醇治疗前影像学检查及治疗后随访有助于其明确诊断。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的MRI特征分析

目的 :探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP)的MRI特征。方法 :回顾性分析9例AIP患者的MRI资料,分析病变胰腺的形态、MRI信号改变及强化特点,胆总管、胰管改变,以及胰腺周围的MRI表现。结果:9例MRI图像均见胰腺体积增大,6例呈弥漫性肿大,3例局限性肿大;9例均见MRI信号改变,T2WI呈稍高信号,T1WI呈稍低信号,DWI呈高信号,动态增强扫描呈均匀延迟强化;7例胰腺周围可见包膜样结构;MRCP示6例胆总管胰腺段狭窄,呈"鸟嘴状",9例均见胰管节段性狭窄;2例胰腺周围见少量渗出,1例胰腺实质内及胰腺周围可见多发性大小不等的假性囊肿形成。结论:AIP的MRI表现具有特征性,结合临床有助于AIP的正确诊断。     

Ⅰ型自身免疫性胰腺炎的MRI表现特征

目的探讨Ⅰ型自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的MRI表现特点。方法回顾性分析18例I型AIP患者的MRI资料,包括T_1加权成像、T_2加权成像、磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)、扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强扫描。观察病变累及部位、范围、信号及动态强化方式。结果 18例中胰腺弥漫性肿大呈"腊肠状"14例,局限性肿大4例。胰腺病变区T_2WI均呈稍高信号,T_1WI呈稍低信号,T_1WI抑脂序列呈低信号。病变区周围环绕增厚的包膜样结构15例,T_2WI均为低信号,T_1WI呈略低信号9例、等信号6例。MRCP示胆总管胰头段呈"鸟嘴样"11例。18例增强扫描病变区动脉期均轻度强化,门静脉期及延时期呈均匀强化。包膜样结构动脉期均无强化,平衡期及延时期强化。18例激素治疗后复查MRI示胰腺外形、信号异常明显好转,胆管狭窄、扩张程度明显减轻。结论Ⅰ型AIP的MRI表现以胰腺弥漫性肿大呈"腊肠状",病变周围环绕增厚的包膜样结构,病变区T_2WI呈稍高信号,T_1WI呈稍低信号,增强呈渐进性延迟强化为特征。其特征对临床诊断及疗效判断有指导意义。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的MRI诊断

目的:探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的MRI诊断价值。方法:搜集12例临床证实的AIP患者资料,12例均行MRI平扫、增强扫描及磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP),分析总结AIP的MRI表现特点。结果:12例AIP中7例表现为弥漫性胰腺体积增大,1例表现为胰腺体尾部肿大,MRI平扫胰腺信号欠均匀,T1WI呈高低混杂信号,T2WI信号普遍增高,另4例以胰头肿大为主,MRI示胰头区类似软组织信号肿块影,与周围胰腺组织信号一致;病灶增强扫描动脉期强化不明显,门脉期逐渐强化;MRCP示胆总管胰腺段变细,伴肝内外胆管不同程度扩张,胰腺管弥漫性狭窄。结论:AIP的MRI表现具有一定特异性,对AIP的临床诊断及治疗有一定指导意义。     

The MRI diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis

目的:探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(ALP)的MRI诊断价值.方法:搜集12例临床证实的AIP患者资料,12例均行MRI平扫、增强扫描及磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP),分析总结AIP的MRI表现特点.结果:12例AIP中7例表现为弥漫性胰腺体积增大,1例表现为胰腺体尾部肿大,MRI平扫胰腺信号欠均匀,T1 WI呈高低混杂信号,T2 WI信号普遍增高,另4例以胰头肿大为主,MRI示胰头区类似软组织信号肿块影,与周围胰腺组织信号一致;病灶增强扫描动脉期强化不明显,门脉期逐渐强化;MRCP示胆总管胰腺段变细,伴肝内外胆管不同程度扩张,胰腺管弥漫性狭窄.结论:AIP的MRI表现具有一定特异性,对AIP的临床诊断及治疗有一定指导意义.     

IgG4相关性疾病累及腹部组织器官的影像学表现

目的：探讨IgG4相关性疾病累及腹部组织器官的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析24例经病理证实或肾上腺皮质激素规范治疗后随访证实的IgG4相关性疾病累及腹部患者的临床资料,其中14例行CT检查,10例行MR检查,7例同时行CT及MR检查,分析其影像表现特征。结果①24例患者中9例确诊为自身免疫性胰腺炎,6例胰腺呈弥漫性肿大;2例呈局限性肿大;1例呈混合性肿大。CT平扫呈低密度;MRI T1WI信号均匀或稍不均匀降低,T2WI信号均匀或稍不均匀升高,增强后均匀渐进性延迟强化,假包膜征象显示完整;②6例为IgG4相关性胆管炎,表现为长且连续性的胆道狭窄,狭窄上段胆道常可见扩张,累及的胆道壁呈对称性的环周增厚、强化;③4例为IgG4相关性肾病,CT表现为肾实质内小类圆形、楔形或不规则低密度结节、肿块;增强扫描病灶呈相对低强化;④3例为腹膜后纤维化,表现为腹膜后不规则软组织病变,边界模糊,于CT平扫近似于肌肉密度,T1WI大多呈低信号,T2WI呈等信号,增强扫描强化不明显,部分可见轻度延迟强化;⑤1例同时累及胰腺及胆总管,表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大,增强扫描呈轻度渐进性强化。肝内外胆管扩张伴胰腺段胆总管不规则狭窄;⑥1例同时累及胰腺、胆总管及肾脏,表现为胰头局限性肿大、胆总管狭窄的同时双肾实质可见多发低密度结节。结论IgG4相关性疾病患者腹部组织器官受累具有特征性的CT和MRI表现,有助于明确诊断。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎胰腺外病变的CT表现

目的分析自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)胰腺外器官受累的CT影像学表现特点,提高对AIP的认识及诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经临床随访及病理证实为AIP的9例患者的临床及影像资料。观察及分析胰腺外器官受累的影像特点,主要观察胰周血管、胆管及胆囊、肾脏、脾脏、肠系膜、腹膜后间隙等情况,并结合文献复习,探讨AIP胰腺外器官的CT表现特点。结果 AIP胰腺外病变的CT主要表现为:脾血管包埋变细3例,胆管壁增厚并管腔狭窄5例,肾脏受累3例,脾脏受累1例,腹膜后淋巴结肿大4例,肠系膜纤维化1例,胃脾韧带纤维化1例,腹膜后纤维化1例。经类固醇激素治疗后,CT复查显示胰腺内外病变均有不同程度好转。结论多器官受累是AIP的重要特征,其胰腺外CT表现具有一定特点,认识其表现有助于AIP的诊断。     

IgG4相关疾病的影像特征及疗效监测

目的：探讨IgG4相关疾病的影像学特征及激素治疗后疗效的评估。方法收集13例经病理证实的IgG4相关疾病的影像资料,均行CT检查,其中5例同时行MR检查,6例患者有治疗前及治疗后3~6月的完整影像资料。分析病灶的形态、分布、影像特征以及治疗后影像变化。结果13例中1例病灶位于泪腺,1例位于颌下腺,1例位于胆道,3例位于胰腺,4例位于肾脏,2例位于腹膜后,1例位于肺。其中2例病变累及多部位,包括腹膜后、胰腺及肾脏等。所有受累脏器呈弥漫性肿胀或局部软组织肿块,CT平扫呈低密度,T2WI上呈低信号,增强后轻度均匀性强化。6例患者经激素治疗后病灶缩小,T2WI信号有增高表现。结论受累脏器肿胀,CT平扫低密度以及T2WI低信号,轻度均匀强化是IgG4相关疾病的影像学特征,CT及MR在疾病的诊断及激素治疗后疗效的评估方面具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.