经皮椎体成形术治疗脊椎转移性肿瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在脊椎骨转移瘤中的治疗效果。方法应用PVP治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤40例共46个椎体。在X线电视监视下或CT引导下经皮穿刺至病变椎体后注入适量骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA),观察术后止痛效果、脊椎稳定性情况及并发症情况。结果40例穿刺全部成功,术后1~3d,患者的疼痛均有不同程度缓解疼痛完全缓解(CR)30例33个椎体、疼痛部分缓解(PR)8例10个椎体、轻度缓解(MR)2例3个椎体、疼痛无缓解(NR)0例;病变脊椎稳定性良好,术后影像学检查显示24例26个病椎的肿瘤区域被PMMA完全均匀充填加固,另16例20个椎体大部分充填。术中及术后均无严重并发症,随访1~3月效果良好。结论PVP可作为脊椎骨转移瘤缓解疼痛的方法之一,并可加强病变椎体的稳定性。     

脊柱转移性肿瘤患者行经皮椎体成型术的护理

目的：探讨脊柱转移瘤病人行椎体成型术后的护理方法。方法：报告了78例脊柱转移瘤患者应用经皮椎体成型术（PVP）治疗的术前术后的观察及护理。对PVP治疗的脊柱转移瘤患者进行密切观察,观察其疼痛缓解及并发症的发生情况,并对疼痛及出现的并发症给予针对性的护理。结果：经PVP术治疗后,大部分患者术后疼痛症状明显减轻,生活质量有不同功能改善。结论：护士的认真观察,能够为PVP术后效果提供可靠的保证;术前后的综合护理可明显减轻患者痛苦。     

疼痛性骨质疏松压缩骨折的椎体成形术治疗

目的 :探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术在治疗疼痛性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折中的效用。方法 :4年内 3 1例存在 2个月以上腰背部疼痛药物止痛效果不佳伴活动障碍患者 ,经临床、CT及MRI评价为骨质疏松椎体压缩 ,在CT引导下完成经皮穿刺椎体成形术 3 9例次。男 14例 ,女 17例 ,年龄 5 8～ 81岁 ,平均 67.3岁。治疗效果采用Huskisson止痛视觉评价法评估。结果 :2 0例疼痛缓解停用止痛药 ;8例患者疼痛减轻 ,其中 6例用药量下降或降级使用 ;3例变化不大 ,总有效率 90 .3 %。随访 2个月～ 4年 ,治疗部位症状无复发 ,1例患者 3个月后由于相邻椎体出现新的压缩而疼痛复发 ,二次治疗好转。结论 :经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩是一种微创操作 ,可以立即缓解疼痛并使患者很快恢复运动 ;是一种有价值的治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的方法     

CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移瘤

目的:回顾性评价CT引导下经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移瘤的疗效及其并发症。方法:2008-10～2010-10共治疗椎体转移瘤患者27例,共36个椎体。患者均有顽固性胸背痛,术前VAS评分平均9.1分,伴脊髓压迫者2例,术前Frankel分级C级3例,D级4例,均采用CT引导下经皮椎体穿刺行病变椎体内骨水泥注射治疗。随访观察并发症发生情况及治疗效果。结果:36个椎体在CT引导下均一次穿刺成功,术后疼痛缓解有效率为88.4%,完全缓解率27.9%,VAS评分术后(2.5±1.6)较术前(7.4±1.3)显著下降(P<0.05)。随访7～24个月,中位数10.8个月,末次随访时VAS评分2.98±0.81分,有效率78%,与术前比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);骨水泥外溢发生率为25%,无一例发生严重并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮椎体成形术具有良好的止痛及预防病理性骨折作用,改善患者生活质量,是治疗椎体转移性肿瘤安全、有效的方法。     

脊柱转移瘤的双介入治疗

经皮椎体成形术（PVP）已广泛用于脊柱溶骨性转移瘤的姑息治疗,止痛效果确切,经动脉化疗栓塞（TAE）可以抑制肿瘤生长,缩小肿瘤体积,缓解疼痛。联合应用PVP和TAE（双介入疗法）可增加止痛效果,控制肿瘤生长,增加骨稳定性,提高生活质量。本组收集行PVP4-TAE治疗脊柱转移瘤9例,结合文献初步评价其疗效。     

经皮椎体成形术的初步临床应用

目的　探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体病变的临床效果。方法　应用经皮椎体成形术治疗2 5例椎体病变 ,其中骨质疏松性骨折 13例、转移性肿瘤 8例、血管瘤 4例。病变部位分别在L112个、L2 6个、T12 和L4均为 4个、L3 3个、L5和S1各 1个。在C形臂X线机透视导向下 ,经皮穿刺到病变椎体后注入 3～ 10ml骨水泥 (平均 5 .6ml) ,术毕患者保持仰卧位 4h ,观察、抗感染治疗 1～ 3d并复查平片或和CT后出院。观察止痛效果、有效率和并发症。结果　技术操作全部获得成功 ,共治疗 2 5例 31个椎体 (其中 2 3例 2 9个椎体行单侧穿刺、2例 2个椎体行双侧穿刺 ) ,18例疼痛完全缓解 ,6例明显好转 ,1例无明显改善。 2例存在一过性神经根刺激症状 ,予以激素、消炎止痛后疼痛明显减轻并逐渐消失。随访 1～ 15个月 ,所有患者疼痛无反复。无严重并发症发生。结论　创伤小、操作简单、并发症少 ,能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折和椎体肿瘤引起的临床症状     

CT引导下椎体成形术治疗脊椎转移瘤晚期疼痛

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)治疗脊椎转移瘤晚期疼痛的方法和效果。方法:回顾性分析27例脊椎转移瘤患者在CT引导下行经皮穿刺椎体成形术的镇痛效果和并发症。结果:27例35个椎体CT下穿刺准确率100%。术后患者均有不同程度的疼痛缓解。1个月时疼痛完全缓解(CR)19例,部分缓解(PR)8例。结论:CT引导下椎体成形术操作简便、安全、镇痛效果好,对提高患者的生存质量有很好的应用价值。     

椎体成形术缓解疼痛和稳定脊柱的影像和临床评价

目的:探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗脊柱病变对缓解疼痛和稳定脊柱的价值.材料和方法:对45例共62个椎体行经皮穿刺椎体成形术,其中血管瘤4例4个椎体、骨质疏松7例13个椎体、椎体恶性肿瘤34例46个椎体.经CT扫描定位,将不透X线骨水泥(主要成分为粉剂甲基丙烯酸树脂多聚体和液态甲基丙烯酸树脂单体)按粉剂与液体为4:1比例混合调制成糊状,用1ml注射器匀速缓慢注入病变椎体.结果:本组完全缓解(CR)率77.78%,部分缓解(PR)率17.78%,有效率为95.56%.其中7例骨质疏松症所致压缩性骨折者获CR4例,PR3例;4例血管瘤患者3例获CR,1例获PR;34例恶性瘤中28例获CR,4例获PR.止痛作用2周至18个月持续有效.CT和平片随访观察骨水泥密度、形态与术后所见无变化,未见椎体进一步压缩.结论:经皮穿刺椎体成形术适用于椎体血管瘤、骨质疏松、转移瘤等溶骨性病变,具有稳定脊柱和减轻疼痛的作用.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体溶骨性转移癌

目的:探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体溶骨性转移癌的临床价值。方法:应用经皮椎体成形术治疗25例33个椎体的溶骨性转移癌。在C型臂X光机透视导向下经皮穿刺到病变椎体后注入骨水泥(3~8)ml。记录患者术前、术后24h、术后1周、术后1月的疼痛视觉模拟划线得分(VAS)。观察止痛效果和并发症。结果:33个椎体皆一次穿刺成功,穿刺成功率100%。1月后疼痛缓解程度为:完全缓解(CR)者6例(6/25),部分缓解(PR)者16例(16/25),轻度缓解(MR)者2例,无效(NR)者1例,总有效率(CR PR)为88%(22/25)。患者术前与术后24h、术后1周、术后1月的VAS的得分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PVP术后无1例椎体塌陷加重或发生新的骨折。除6例发生无症状的骨水泥渗漏外,无1例发生严重并发症。结论:经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体的溶骨性转移癌效果良好。     

经皮穿刺椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤的临床观察

目的：探讨经皮穿刺椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法：对37例共59个椎体行经皮穿刺椎体成型术,其中血管瘤2例2个椎体、椎体恶性肿瘤35例57个椎体。采用单侧或双侧椎弓根入路,在X线定位下,将不透X线骨水泥（在骨水泥甲基丙烯酸树脂多聚体PMMA粉剂中加入2ml对比剂以透视显影）按粉剂与液体为3：2比例混合调制成糊状,用1ml注射器匀速缓慢注入病变椎体。结果：经皮穿刺椎体成型术后。27例患者术后疼痛完全缓解,6例明显缓解;2例有所缓解;随访12个月,无复发迹象。本组没有发生并发症。结论：经皮穿刺椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤是一种创伤小、安全、有效的治疗手段。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.