体外循环心内直视手术期间机体内源性类洋地黄物质变化的临床研究

通过对１５例体外循环手术病人血浆内源性类洋地黄物质（ＥＤＬＳ）的测定，发现：（１）ＣＰＢ期间，以循环阻断后ＥＤＬＳ浓度最低，与术前比为０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５，其余各阶段ＥＤＬＳ水平与术前比，Ｐ＞０．０５。（２）循环阻断后和心脏复苏后，ＥＤＬＳ浓度均较低，与其他各阶段比较Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５。我们对上述变化的原因及临床意义进行了讨论。     

体外循环心内直视手术期间机体内源性类洋地黄物质变化的…

通过对１５例体外循环手术病人血浆内源性类洋地黄物质的测定，发现：（１）ＣＰＢ期间，以循环阻断后ＥＤＬＳ浓度最低，与术前比为０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５，其余各阶段ＥＤＬＳ水平与术前比，Ｐ＞０．０５。（２）循环阻断后和心脏复苏后，ＥＤＬＳ浓度均较低，与其他各阶段比较Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５。我们对上述变化的原因及临床意义进行了讨论。     

围体外循环期胰岛素水平的临床研究

测定了体外循环手术患者围术期血清胰岛素的水平。于禁食情况下分别于入院、全麻后、肝素化后１０分钟、体外循环（ＣＰＢ）１０分钟、ＣＰＢ３０分钟、ＣＰＲ６０分钟、ＣＰＢ结束及手木次日取静脉血，测定血清胰岛素含量。结果术中与术前比较有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），术毕和手术次晨均较术前有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），全麻后、肝素化后１０分钟分别与入院时比较无明显变化（Ｐ＜０．０５），手术次晨与术中胰岛素水平无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．５）。结果提示：即使在低温、ＣＰＢ中血清胰素水平也明显高于术前，且至少持续到术后次日。ＣＰＢ 灌注液或心脏停搏液中似乎没有必要加入胰岛素，以用来预防心肌缺血后再灌注损伤和清除氧自由基。     

盐酸丁哌卡因硬膜外阻滞对肝酶谱及血浆蛋白参数的影响

应用盐酸丁哌卡因硬膜外阻滞后．测定术毕、术后２４小时印术后一周肝酶谱及血浆蛋白参数动态变比，并与利多卡因进行比较。结果表明：丁哌卡因组（丁组）ＡＬＢ、ＣＰ、ＣＨＥ与术前对照组比较术毕和术后２４小时降低（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）α－ＡＴ在术毕和术后２４小时增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡＫＰ和γ－ＣＴ分别在术毕和术后２４小时增高（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后一周各项指标恢复正常。利多卡因组（利组）仅α－ＡＴ术后２４小时增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。丁组与利组两组间比较结果：ＣＰ和ＡＤＡ在术毕有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

梗阻性黄疸时胆道内压力和门静脉血流与IL-2、sIL-2R及T淋巴细胞亚群变化的关系探讨

为探讨梗阻性黄疸患者败血症的发生机理，研究了３７例梗阻性黄疸（Ａ组）和９０例胆囊结石（Ｂ组）患者的胆道内压力、门静脉血流速度与白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）、可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的关系。Ａ组又分为急诊手术组（Ａ１）、择期手术组（Ａ２）、＞６０岁组（Ａ３）和＜６０岁组（Ａ４）４个亚组。结果显示：Ａ及Ａ１～４各组术前ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋值均显著低于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著高于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ１组术前ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ极显著高于Ａ及Ａ２～４组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析显示胆道内压力与ＩＬ－２、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋及ＣＤ８＋呈负相关，与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），门静脉血流速度与ＩＬ－２呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此表明梗阻性黄疸感染与宿主细胞免疫功能降低密切相关。     

辽宁绝经妇女骨密度与绝经年限、体重关系研究

目的　研究绝经年限、体重对辽宁地区绝经后女性不同部位骨密度的影响。方法　测定共９６ 例绝经后妇女腰椎（Ｌ２～４）、股骨颈（Ｎｅｃｋ）、大转子（Ｔｒｏｃｈ）、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区的ＢＭＤ,同时测定了血ＡＬＰ、血尿钙、肌肝（Ｃｒ）等指标,分析其相互关系。结果　１． 绝经后妇女各部位的ＢＭＤ 不同。２．Ｌ２～４的ＢＭＤ与体重（Ｗ ）、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。与绝经年限的自然对数（ＰＦＮＬ）、ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。３．Ｎｅｃｋ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。４．Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ及ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。５． 大转子区骨密度与体重、血小板、转氨酶呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　体重、绝经年限、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、血小板及血ＡＬＰ能影响骨密度。     

体外循环中人参二醇组皂甙的心肌保护作用

为观察人参二醇组皂甙（ＰＤＳ）对体外循环（ＣＰＢ）手术病人的心肌保护作用，将６０例ＣＰＢ手术病人，随机均分为对照组与ＰＤＳ组。ＰＤＳ组术前２天和术前３０分钟，按１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，共３次，静脉滴注ＰＤＳ。测定两组ＣＰＢ期间（转流前、转流１５、３０分钟、再灌注１５、３０、６０分钟）血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量。结果发现ＣＰＢ时间与ＳＯＤ活性成反比，与ＭＤＡ含量成正比。两组ＳＯＤ活性总均数ＰＤＳ组较对照组高，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；两组ＭＤＡ含量总均数ＰＤＳ组较对照组低，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：术前应用ＰＤＳ可显著提高ＣＢＰ手术病人ＳＯＤ活性，减少ＭＤＡ生成，从而防治心肌再灌注损伤。     

体外循环与内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的临床与实验研究

本文对离体大鼠心脏灌流及体外循环心内直视手术期间的内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平进行了动态观察，结果提示：（１）ＥＴ灌流离体大鼠心脏时冠脉血流明显减少，心脏组织ＭＤＡ生成，ＬＤＨ漏出显著升高。同时灌流ＣＧＲＰ时冠脉血流显著增加，ＭＤＡ生成和ＬＤＨ漏出量显著降低。（２）ＣＰＢ病人术前ＥＴ水平明显高于术中与术后（Ｐ＜０．０１）心脏复苏后，体内ＥＴ含量达到了最低水平。回ＩＣＵ及术后２４小时体内ＥＴ开始回升。（３）ＣＰＢ期间ＣＧＲＰ无明显变化，术后２４小时，体内ＣＧＲＰ含量明显较术前及术中升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。文章对上述变化的原因及临床意义进行了简要本文作者单位：１０００３７海军总医院胸心外科、心脏内科讨论分析     

重症急性胆管炎和重症急性胰腺炎甲状腺激素变化的意义

目的研究重症急腹症患者机体内分泌激素的变化。方法对２７例重症急性胆管炎（ＡＣＳＴ）（Ａ组）和２１例重症急性胰腺炎（ＳＡＰ）（Ｂ组）患者围手术期甲状腺激素变化进行了观测,并与１２０例胆囊结石（Ｃ组）患者对照。结果术前Ａ,Ｂ组Ｔ３水平显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ,Ｂ组术后Ｔ３显著高于术前（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术前及术后Ａ组Ｔ３均显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。２例死亡的ＡＣＳＴ患者,术前Ｔ３均低于０４６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,术后仍低于０８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结论甲状腺激素变化可作为判断感染程度和预后指标之一。     

急性胰腺炎患者血脂和载脂蛋白水平的初步观察

本文测定了２３例急性胰腺炎（ＡＰ）患者和２３例健康对照组的血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）与胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＶＬＤＬ－Ｃ）和载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏｓ）ＡⅠ、Ｂ１００、ＣⅡ、ＣⅢ。结果表明与对照组比较，ＡＰ患者的ＴＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）和ＡｐｏＢ１００（Ｐ＜０．０１）明显增高；与治疗前相比较，ＡＰ患者用大承气汤为基本方的中西医结合治疗措施治疗后的ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＢ１００未能降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡＰ患者存在脂质和Ａｐｏｓ的异常，特点是高ＴＧ及ＬＤＬ－Ｃ增高，ＡｐｏＢ１００明显增高。     

Comparative study on cerebral injury after open heart surgery in patients with congenital and rheumatic heart disease

Alongwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,intracardiacoperationsbecomemuchsaferthanever.Althoughthemortalityrateofthepatientsreceivingintracardiacoperationwith helpofcardiopulmonarybypass(CPB)hasdecreased butneurologicalcomplicationsoccurfrequently.Neurologicalcomplicationshavebeenidentifiedsince theearlydayswhenemployingcardiacsurgery.1And neurologicalcomplicationsaftertheemploymentofCPB areimportantfatalcomplicationsofnon cardiovascular originatpresent.2Theincidenceofneuropsychologica…     

前列腺素E1不同给药时机治疗围术期先天性心脏病肺动脉高压的观察

目的　观察先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）患者围术期血液动力学的变化。方法　２０ 例先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者以前列腺素Ｅ１ 应用不同时机分对照组和试验组,每组１０例。试验组在体外循环开始后从中心静脉持续泵注前列腺素Ｅ１２０ｎｇ·ｋｇ－ １ ·ｍ ｉｎ－ １;对照组在体外循环中,开放升主动脉后开始用前列腺素Ｅ１ 。观察围术期平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、平均肺动脉压（ＰＡＰ）、动脉压与肺动脉压之比（ＰＰ／ＰＳ）、心脏指数（ＣＩ）、肺阻力指数（ＰＶＲＩ）、体循环阻力指数（ＳＶＲＩ）的动态变化。结果　体外循环后各时点的肺动脉压力与主动脉压力之比较术前显著降低,（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。肺阻力指数和体循环阻力指数在体外循环后逐渐升高,试验组肺阻力指数在升主动脉开放后６ 小时显著低于对照组,（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。试验组心指数在开放循环后２～４ 小时高于对照组,（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　重度肺动脉高压心内畸形矫正手术中,体外循环开始即应用前列泉素Ｅ１ 的效果优于传统的开放升主动脉后给药的效果。     

库存红细胞清洗在新生儿及小婴儿体外循环手术中的应用

目的 对比体外循环(CPB)心脏手术中接受洗涤及未洗涤的库存红细胞(PRBC)对血清钾离子浓度(K+)及乳酸浓度(LAC)的影响.方法 选取复杂先天性心脏病(先心病)行CPB心脏手术的新生儿及小婴儿为研究对象,排除术前血乳酸大于3.0mmol/L的病婴.对照组(15例)接受未洗涤的PRBC进行CPB预充及术中添加,试验组(15例)接受用血液回收机(Medtronic Autolog)洗涤过的PRBC.在CPB前、CPB 3、15min、CPB复温、停止CPB前、术毕、术后4、24h比较血K+及LAC浓度.结果 洗涤PRBC显著降低供血中K+浓度[从(19.3±0.9)mmol/L降至(1.1±0.3)mmol/L,p<0.001]及IAC浓度[从>15mmol/L降至(7.8±1.2)mmol/L,P<0.001].对照组预充液的K+及ILAC浓度显著高于试验组[K+(9.0±0.5)rranol/L对(2.6±0.1)mmol/L,P<0.001;LAC浓度(9.5±0.5)mmol/L对(4.7±1.1)nrml/L,P<0.001].CPB 3min、CPB复温时对照组血清K+浓度显著高于试验组[CPB 3 min(5.6±0.9)mmol/L对(3.5±0.4)mmol/L,P<0.01;CPB复温时(4.8±0.7)mmol/L对(3.7±0.6)mmol/L,P<0.01];其余时点对照组K+浓度高于试验组,差异无统计学意义.CPB 3、15 min、CPB复温、停止CPB前、术毕、术后4 h对照组IAC浓度高于试验组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 洗涤PRBC降低血清钾及乳酸负荷,可预防cPB中高血钾.在新生儿及小婴儿复杂先心病CPB手术中应考虑应用清洗PRBC.     

心脏手术后神经系统并发症研究--附10173例病例分析

探讨心脏手术后神经系统并发症的发生率,死亡率,种类,危险因素及防治方法。方法回顾分析心脏手术１０１７３例,统计术后神经系统并症的发生率,死亡率和种类;与对照组比较,对术后神经系统并发症的危险因素作统计学处理。结果本组心脏手术后神经系统并发症的总发生率为１．４４％,其中脑血管病占５２．７４％,缺氧性脑损害占２２．６０％（３３／１４６例）癫痫占８．９１％（１３／１４６例）,其他占１５．７５％（２３／１     

参脉注射液对心脏瓣膜置换术的心肌保护作用

目的探讨参脉注射液(SMI)在心脏瓣膜置换术中对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将40例心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机均分为参脉组(SM组)和对照组(C组),SM组在心肺转流(CPB)前静脉给予SMI,C组用等量生理盐水。分别于术前、术中、术后多时点采血,比较两组心肌磷酸激酶(CK)、磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;记录两组患者的手术时间、主动脉阻断时间及术中、术后各时点血管活性药物的用量,观察主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率、室性心律失常发生率。结果SM组血清CK、CK-MB、cTnI、MDA等指标均低于C组(P<0.05),而两组SOD活性均降低,但SM组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。SM组室性心律失常发生率、除颤次数及血管活性药物的用量明显低于C组(P<0.01)。结论SMI对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血-再灌注损伤具有明显保护作用。     

The effects of magnesium prime solution on magnesium levels and potassium loss in open heart surgery

In this study, we examined the effects of magnesium supplementation in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime solution on pediatric patients' magnesium levels and potassium loss with open heart surgery. Forty pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery were randomly assigned either magnesium sulfate (magnesium group, n = 20; 0.25 mmol/kg) or saline (placebo group; n = 20) supplementation to the prime solution. Ionized magnesium (IMg) and urinary magnesium and potassium were measured at defined time points during and after CPB. In the magnesium group, IMg concentration was larger during CPB but not after CPB. IMg decreased in the early stages of CPB in the placebo group and decreased to an even smaller level 24 h after CPB. Urinary magnesium levels in the magnesium group were larger than those in the placebo group during and after CPB, and urinary potassium concentrations reached significantly smaller levels 24 h after CPB (44.2 +/- 2.9 versus 60.9 +/- 2.6 mmol/L; P < 0.01). We conclude that the addition of magnesium into prime solution maintains normal IMg levels and prevents potassium flux during the perioperative period. IMPLICATIONS: In our study, we demonstrate that a magnesium prime solution can prevent hypomagnesemia during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and decrease the urinary potassium loss after CPB in pediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery.     

Influence of Methylprednisolone on Levels of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Cardiac Surgery: A Corticosteroid Derivative to Decrease Possible Neuronal Damage

Abstract   Background: Cerebral injury is a well-known complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), especially in adult patients. Specific biochemical markers like neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein were developed previously for early detecting neuronal damage after CPB. Corticosteroids are shown to reduce multisystemic deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass due to their anti-inflammatory characteristics. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the decrease of serum neuron-specific enolase levels in patients who received corticosteroids before CPB. Methods: Thirty patients scheduled for elective coronary bypass surgery were included in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups as the control group (n = 15) who underwent a standard coronary bypass surgery without any additional medication and the study group (n = 15) who received 1 gm of methylprednisolone before CPB. Blood samples for analysis of serum NSE, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 were drawn before CPB, 4 and 24 hours after the end of extracorporeal circulation. Results : Serum cytokine and NSE levels were significantly increased after CPB above their normal range in both groups. In the study group, IL-6 and NSE levels were significantly reduced while IL-10 levels were much higher after CPB. High NSE levels significantly correlated with IL-6 levels in the control group. Conclusion: The lower levels of NSE in patients who received methylprednisolone may suggest that corticosteroids might be useful in decreasing possible neuronal damage during heart surgery. However, we were not able to demonstrate an adverse neurological outcome.     

浅低温体外循环心脏跳动中施术对心肌保护的实验研究

目的　探讨浅低温体外循环（CPB）心脏跳动中心内直视手术对心肌保护的效果。方法　16只健康山羊随机均分为实验组（浅低温心跳组）和对照组（中度低温心停组）。分别在转机后即刻、CPB120、130、150min，取冠状静脉窦血，测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的含量，并取左室心肌组织观察心肌超微结构的改变。结果　对照组再灌注后MDA、CK-MB、LDH明显升高，SOD明显降低，与实验组相同时点相比，差异有显著意义（P＜0.01）。心肌细胞超微结构观察见对照组变化明显，实验组基本不变。结论　浅低温体外循环心脏跳动中行心内直视手术避免了心肌缺血再灌注损伤过程，有很好的心肌保护效果。     

儿童胸腔镜心脏手术中奥美拉唑对胃肠道的保护作用

目的探讨奥美拉唑在婴幼儿胸腔镜体外循环(CPB)心脏手术中对胃肠道的保护作用。方法将127例先天性心脏病患者(年龄3～12岁)随机分为3组,实验组A和实验组B:行胸腔镜微创手术治疗,对照组:行常规手术治疗;实验组A在CPB预充液中给予奥美拉唑10mg,实验组B和对照组均注入等量生理盐水。3组均于术前、CPB30min、CPB结束、术后4h、24h进行胃液常规检查,并采集血液标本,用ELISA法测定血清促胃液素。结果与CPB前比较:实验组A胃液pH值较CPB结束后有明显升高(P<0.01),实验组B于术毕有明显降低(P<0.05),对照组于术后4h较术前有明显降低(P<0.05);3组胃液红细胞计数及血清促胃液素与CPB前比较均有明显上升(P<0.01)。与对照组比较:实验组A胃液pH于CPB结束后各时间点较对照组有明显上升,而胃液红细胞计数则有明显下降,血清促胃液素于CPB30min时即较其它两组有明显降低。实验组B胃液pH于术毕有明显降低,但术后24h恢复至术前水平,同时间点胃液红细胞计数与促胃液素则有明显降低。结论儿童胸腔镜心脏手术中CPB时间较常规手术时间长,需要在此期间进行胃肠道保护,术后各项指标恢复较常规手术时间短。     

Measurement of cerebral-oxygenation status when commencing cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric open-heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that there is a difference in the cerebral-oxygenation status between cyanotic and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease when commencing a crystalloid-primed cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We tested this hypothesis by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: Group 1 consisted of ten patients with non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases, including atrial septal (n=4) and ventricular septal defects (n=6), while group 2 consisted of ten patients with cyanotic congenital heart diseases, including tetralogy of Fallot (n=7) and univentricular heart (n=3). Changes in cerebral-oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin concentrations were measured by NIRS just before and every minute for the first 10 min after commencing CPB. Arterial blood analysis was performed at those same time times. RESULTS: NIRS showed a rapid fall and plateauing of cerebral-oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin in group 1. However, although group 2 showed a rapid fall and plateauing of cerebral-oxygenated hemoglobin, a rapid fall and continuous gradual decrease in cerebral-deoxygenated and total hemoglobin were also seen. Cerebral-deoxygenated and total hemoglobin decreased more markedly in group 2 than in group 1 (P<0.001, 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: NIRS revealed that the cerebral-oxygenated hemoglobin could be maintained at a similar level at the beginning of CPB in both groups. However, it showed a different distribution of cerebral-deoxygenated and total hemoglobin between the groups. An inadequate cerebral-oxygenation status may occur in the early phase of CPB in patients with cyanotic congenital heart diseases.