Long-term results in the surgical treatment of lymphedema

Summary In the irreversible stage of lymphedema corrective surgery is often mandatory. A choice has to be made between two different basic selective procedures. As no totally satisfactory surgical method has as yet been established surgical management is difficult and implies considerable personal responsibility. This is a report on the long-term results of operations carried out on 16 patients between 1958 and 1979 using the so called Charles procedure. It concludes that this radical operation gives an acceptable long-term result in long-standing, elephantiastic primary lymphedema of the lower extremity.     

超声引导经皮热消融治疗肝细胞性肝癌

目的评价经皮热消融方法治疗肝细胞性肝癌的疗效。方法97例肝细胞性肝癌病人共190个结节接受了经皮微波或射频消融治疗。结果完全消融率93％。对直径≤2cm、2．1～3．9cm和≥4．0cm的结节完全消融率分别为93％、94％和86％。局部复发率10％，直径≤2cm、2．1～3．9cm、≥4．0cm的结节局部复发率分别为3％、10％和32％。1，2，3年无远处复发生存率分别为47％、35％和31％。1，2，3年累积生存率分别为76％、59％、50％。结论微波及射频热消融是治疗肝癌有效和安全的方法，但在较大肿瘤局部复发率较高。     

Long-term results of Troidl's technique of endoscopic pneumatic dilatation for achalasia of the esophagus

Summary In a prospective clinical trial, 26 consecutive patients underwent endoscopic pneumatic dilatation over a 10-year period. Dilatation was achieved by means of a ballon attached to a normal gastrointestinal fiberscope. With the endoscope in an inverse position, the device was placed in the cardia and the dilatation process was monitored macroscopically. Before dilatation, patients suffered from dysphagia (92%), reduced speed of swallowing (100%), symptom aggravation under stress (73%), weight loss (50%), aspiration, pain, regurgitation, and vomiting. After dilatation and long-term follow-up (mean of 5 years), symptoms could be markedly reduced, especially the speed of eating and symptom aggravation under stress. Excellent and good results (Visick scale) were achieved in 76%. Fair results were achieved in 20%. To date, perforation and other complications have not occurred. Mortality was zero. Our series was an uncontrolled trial, so the results are hardly comparable to other studies. Furthermore, the small number of patients in our study represents a weak point with regard to complications. We conclude that the main advantages of the procedure are its simplicity and practicability. The simple procedure may be the method of choice in elderly patients. Of course, no final decision can be made until a well-designed controlled trial has been carried out.     

热消融治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的有效性评估

目的通过对甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）热消融后复发再手术病例进行分析,探讨热消融是否能用于可手术的PTC患者。 方法回顾性分析2015年5月至2019年8月间青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院甲状腺外科热消融治疗后再手术的23例患者资料。所有患者在外院行热消融治疗前均行甲状腺细针穿刺（FNA）,20例穿刺病理为PTC,3例不除外PTC可能。15例行甲状腺癌根治术,1例行侧颈部淋巴结改良根治术,7例患者因存在复发结节压迫症状,行甲状腺腺叶切除术。 结果再手术后石蜡病理示,56.52%（13/23）见癌细胞,43.47%（10/23）未查见癌细胞,30.43%（7/23）见中央区淋巴结转移。2例消融对侧发现新发甲状腺结节,术后石蜡病理证实为PTC。 结论热消融治疗PTC无法彻底处理原发灶,达不到根治效果。对于可行手术治疗的PTC患者,不建议热消融治疗。     

Disc herniation in the lumbar spine during growth: Long-term results of operative treatment in 18 patients

We studied 18 patients who had undergone surgery for herniated lumbar discs between the ages of 11 and 17 years. The inclusion criteria for girls was an age of 15 years or below and for boys 17 or below at surgery. The mean follow-up time was 10 years and the clinical outcome was good. Age at surgery and length of the follow-up had no effect on the result. The radiological disc height at follow-up did not correlate with the follow-up time or age of the patient at operation. MRI scans at follow-up from ten patients operated at less than 15 years of age revealed multilevel disc degeneration but favourable clinical results.     

肿瘤热消融与化疗协同作用的研究进展

肿瘤热消融以其无创或微创、安全有效的优点逐步被应用于多种器官肿瘤的治疗,是临床常用的微创治疗手段.但治疗范围仍存在局限,且作为有效的局部治疗手段,该技术也必然需要与肿瘤系统治疗相配合.本文概述了肿瘤热疗、热消融的概念,并介绍了热消融与化疗协同作用的可能机制,包括高温改变血供改善药物分布、高温增加药物摄取提高药物浓度、化疗药物的热增敏特性、联合应用提高完全消融率、联合促进细胞的凋亡等.     

异常子宫出血NovaSure子宫内膜去除术后再干预的危险因素分析

目的探讨和分析NovaSure子宫内膜去除术后患者再次干预的高危因素。 方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年1月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院妇产科,行NovaSure子宫内膜去除术的192例异常子宫出血患者的临床资料,包括患者的一般信息及病史相关特征、超声结果及手术记录中的相关资料,通过单因素分析以及Logistic回归分析的方法找出子宫内膜去除术后需再次手术干预的高危因素,分析这类患者的临床特点。 结果本研究192例异常子宫出血患者中,20例(10.42%)术后2年内需再次手术干预,其中13例表现为阴道出血,3例表现为腹痛,4例则两种症状均有。单因素分析提示NovaSure子宫内膜去除术后再次干预与年龄、月经失血图评分、腹痛的视觉模拟评分、子宫腺肌症以及术后是否放置曼月乐有关(P<0.05);而与体质量指数、孕产次、宫腔深度、子宫体积、剖宫产史、合并子宫肌瘤无关(P>0.05)。多因素分析提示年龄、子宫腺肌症、腹痛的视觉模拟评分及术后是否放置曼月乐是再次干预患者的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论年龄、子宫腺肌症、腹痛的视觉模拟评分及术后是否放置曼月乐是异常子宫出血患者NovaSure子宫内膜去除术后需再次干预的独立影响因素,而阴道出血是再次干预患者的主要临床表现。     

热球子宫内膜去除术治疗月经过多的远期疗效和安全性分析

目的观察热球子宫内膜去除术（简称热球）治疗月经过多的远期疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析2004年2月～2008年1月105例因月经过多接受热球治疗的临床资料。对病人进行长期随访,包括月经周期和月经量,有无腹痛、感染、出血、粘连等并发症。结果除2例失访、1例术后56d死于泌尿系肿瘤外,共随访102例。完成3、6、12、24和36个月随访分别是102例、101例、99例、66例和51例,对应的有效率／闭经率分别是93．1％（95／102）／38．2％（39／102）、93．1％（94／101）／33．7％（34／101）、91．9％（91／99）／32．3％（32／99）、93．9％（62／66）／34．8％（23／66）和92．2％（47／51）／31．4％（16／51）。热球治疗术中及术后未发生邻近组织热损伤、血尿、肠穿孔、严重感染及大出血等严重并发症。术后11例（10．5％）并发子宫收缩样疼痛,经口服止痛药物后6h内恢复;8例（7．9％）并发宫颈和（或）宫腔粘连,4例经扩宫、3例经宫腔粘连分解治疗后缓解,1例行子宫切除。术后36个月与术后12个月比较,有效率和闭经率均无统计学差异（χ^2=0．000,P=1．000;χ^2=0．014,P=0．906）;术后24个月与术后12个月比较,有效率和闭经率均无统计学差异（χ^2=0．034,P：0．854;χ^2=0．114,P=0．736）。结论热球是治疗月经过多患者的有效、安全的手段,且疗效持久,是子宫切除的良好替代方法之一。     

Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer: results of a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results and determine the contribution of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of women with endometrial cancer and compare with the open technique. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was carried out on 120 women who underwent laparoscopic surgery (96 women) and open procedures (24 women) for endometrial cancer between April 1996 and March 2000. RESULTS: Four patients whose laparoscopic surgery was completed by laparotomy were excluded from the study. The other 92 laparoscopic procedures were successfully completed. Laparoscopically assisted surgical staging (LASS) was performed based on the grade of the tumor and the depth of myometrial invasion. Sixty-seven of the patients underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingooophorectomy (BSO), and pelvic lymphadenectomy, and 25 women also had para-aortic lymph node sampling dissection. Eleven of these patients had positive pelvic or para-aortic nodes. The mean operating time for the laparoscopic procedure was significantly longer (173.8 min, P < 0.0001) than the time for the open procedure (135.0 min). The rate of complications was similar in both groups. The recovery time was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for early stage endometrial carcinoma is an attractive alternative to the abdominal surgical approach. The advantages of laparoscopically assisted surgical staging are patient related. Because the abdominal incision is avoided, the recovery time is reduced. Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection is a procedure that is appropriate, when applicable.     

超声引导经皮复合热消融技术治疗中、大肝细胞癌

目的　评估超声引导复合热消融技术治疗中、大肝细胞癌 (HCC)的应用价值。方法在超声引导下经皮采用多针插入、多点能量输出的射频消融 (RFA)或微波消融 (MWA)技术 ,治疗 6 8例HCC患者共 73个肿瘤结节 ,平均直径 (4 5± 1 7)cm (3 1～ 13 0cm) ,经 1 9～ 6 7 6个月 [平均(16 0± 14 8)个月 ]随访 ,检测局部及远期治疗效果。结果　治疗后合并肝包膜下血肿及皮肤烧伤的患者各 1例。肿瘤完全消融率 78 1% (5 7/73) ,2 4 6 % (14 /5 7)的病灶出现局部肿瘤进展 ,远处复发率 5 6 7% (38/6 7) ,1、3、5年生存率分别为 6 2 3%、2 9 6 %、2 1 6 % ,中位生存时间为 18 6个月 (95 %可信区间为 10 9～ 2 6 3个月 )。RFA与MWA在完全消融率、局部肿瘤进展率与远处复发率、生存率方面差异均无显著意义。结论　经皮复合热消融技术治疗不能手术切除的中、大肝细胞癌创伤小 ,可获得良好的局部控制和远期疗效 ,RFA与MWA疗效无明显差异     

Plasma lidocaine concentrations following insertion of 2% lidocaine gel into the uterine cavity after uterine balloon thermal ablation

Background. Uterine balloon thermal ablation is used to treatmenorrhagia. We thought that intrauterine application of 2%lidocaine gel could reduce postoperative pain after this procedure.Before using this technique we wished to establish how muchlidocaine is absorbed systemically from the uterine cavity afterthermal ablation. Methods. Ten ASA I–II patients (age 38–50 yr) underwentuterine balloon thermal ablation under general anaesthesia.They each had 11 ml of 2% lidocaine gel (Instillagel^TM) insertedinto the uterine cavity at the end of the procedure. Blood sampleswere taken at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after insertion and lidocaineconcentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. Mean (range) plasma lidocaine concentrations at 5,15, 30 and 60 min were 40.3 (0–221.9), 66.3 (0–271.9),64.9 (0–208) and 75 (0–212) ng ml^–1, respectively. Conclusion. There was minimal systemic absorption of lidocainefrom the uterus following uterine balloon thermal ablation.Measured concentrations were well below the toxic plasma concentrationfor lidocaine (8–10 µg ml^–1). Br J Anaesth 2002; 89: 846–8     

Long-term results after 40 years experience with treatment of rare facial clefts: Part 1-oblique and paramedian clefts

Background

Oblique and paramedian rare facial clefts impose a major reconstructive challenge and long-term assessments of the outcomes remain scarce. This study provides new details regarding surgical techniques and timing, influence of growth, and difficulties of this pathology on the long-term; a guideline for surgical treatment is given.

Methods

Twenty-nine adults with an oblique or paramedian facial cleft and surgically treated in the authors’ unit between 1969 and 2009, were included. The long-term evaluation was based on series of photographs, 3D-CT’s, X-rays, operation data, and was specified per facial area.

Results

The mean number of performed operations per patient was 10.6 (range: 1–26). Vertical dystopia is not caused by previous surgery, but by growth deficiencies of the maxilla. In all patients with vertical dystopia, its presence and severity were clear at the age of five, and it should ideally be treated shortly after that age. In mild cases grafting seems sufficient, but in more severe cases orbital translocation is necessary. Costochondral grafts showed the best long-term results in both orbital and nasal reconstructions. Major nose reconstruction is best delayed until adolescence. For an optimal final result in selected cases, correction of midface hypoplasia at adolescence is necessary.

Conclusion

The three-dimensional underdevelopment of the midface region plays a central role in the deformities of most patients, but is complex and difficult to correct. The provided guideline should help to minimize the number of operations and ameliorate long-term results.     

Long-term results after 40 years experience with treatment of rare facial clefts: Part 2 – symmetrical median clefts

Background

Median facial clefts are reconstructive challenges, requiring multiple operations throughout life. Long-term results are often still far from ideal and could be improved. Due to surgical intervention and diminished intrinsic growth potential, surgical results may change from initially good into a progressively disappointing outcome. If, however, the ideal timing and type of surgery are known, in combination with the intrinsic growth potential, the results can be ameliorated. A guideline for surgical treatment is given.

Methods

Twenty patients with a pure symmetrical median cleft were evaluated on intermediate and long-term surgical results. The final result was scored based on severity of the initial and the remaining facial deformities, and the need for revisional surgery.

Results

The long-term surgical outcome was initially good for each of the affected facial parts and the face in general, but worsened over time, especially in the zone of the nose. An adequate and stable result of hypertelorism correction was observed for both the orbital box osteotomy and medial faciotomy, even when performed at a young age.

Conclusions

The intrinsic growth restriction is mainly localised in the central midface. This leads to a complex and often unpredictable growth of the maturing face. It makes it difficult to achieve perfect reconstructions. Caution with surgical interventions of the nose at a young age is required. Once the face has matured, a midface advancement and secondary nose correction should be considered for satisfactory projection. Early referral to a specialised centre is essential.     

热消融治疗囊性病变及囊实性肿瘤的应用及研究进展

囊性病变与囊实性肿瘤为临床常见疾病,目前对其治疗方法及疗效评价有限,基于影像引导下实体肿瘤热消融原理,对有效治疗囊性病变及囊实性肿瘤具有重要意义。本文对热消融治疗囊性病变及囊实性肿瘤方面的应用及研究进展予以综述。     

Long-term results of valve replacement with the CarboMedics prosthetic heart valve

This study examined the long-term results of the CarboMedics prosthetic heart valve. Between July 1990 and May 2000, 256 CarboMedics valve prostheses (120 single aortic, 62 single mitral, and 34 double aortic/mitral) were implanted into 216 patients (mean age 57.8 years). The mean follow-up was 57.7 +/- 36 months (maximum 133 months) with a total of 1,038.4 patient years. Patient survival, including operative deaths, was 85.1% at 10 years. Linearized rates for various complications were thromboembolism 0.39% per patient year, bleeding events 0.39% per patient year; prosthetic valve endocarditis 0.29% per patient year, nonstructural dysfunction 0.87% per patient year, and reoperation 0.39% per patient year. There were no valve thrombosis or structural valve failures in this series. The probabilities of freedom from thromboembolism and reoperation at 10 years were 96.3% and 93.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the CarboMedics valve can be used satisfactorily with a low incidence of thromboembolism and valve thrombosis.     

Long-term results of 1047 cadaveric kidney transplantations with special emphasis on initial graft function and rejection

We studied the effect of initial graft function and acute rejection on graft survival in 1047 cadaveric renal transplantations during 1991–1997 with a constant policy of donor selection, graft allocation, and immunosuppression. The overall 1- and 5-year patient survival rates were 96 % and 88 %, and the 1- and 5-year graft survival (GS) rates were 92 % and 78 %. Delayed graft function (DGF) occurred in 31 % and there were 1.2 % never-functioning grafts. One-year GS in transplantations with early graft function (EGF) was 95 % compared to 87 % in DGF (P < 0.001). Donor age and cause of death, type of graft perfusion and cold ischemia time, and type and length of dialysis treatment were significant factors in determining the onset of graft function. These factors did not have a significant direct effect on GS. Early ( < 100 days) acute rejection occurred in 25 %. In transplantations without rejection, the 1 and 5-year GS was 93.3 % and 80.8 %. In acute rejection responding to steroids, the GS was equal to that up to 3 years, but after that a significantly worse survival rate was observed (1- and 5-year GS: 93.6 % and 73.4 %). DGF was detrimental to GS both in transplantations without rejection and in all rejection types. Received: 4 May 1999/Revised: 9 December 1999/Accepted: 15 December 1999     

热球系统、热水循环系统内膜去除术与经宫颈子宫内膜电切术治疗功能性子宫出血的比较

目的:比较热球系统、热水循环系统内膜去除术与经宫颈子宫内膜电切术治疗功能性子宫出血的疗效。方法:功能性子宫出血患者60例,3种术式各20例,术后随访12个月。比较3种术式的有效率、手术时间、并发症发生率和术后恢复情况等。结果:3种术式疗效两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术有效率分别为90%、87%、85%。热球系统和热水循环系统的手术时间及术中出血量明显少于宫腔镜子宫内膜电切术(P<0.05),热球系统与热水循环系统比较无明显差异。热球系统及热水循环系统均无并发症发生,术后患者康复快,经宫颈子宫内膜切除术1例发生并发症,1例失败。3种术式术后阴道排液时间无显著性差异。结论:热球系统治疗功能性子宫出血安全、有效,操作简单,患者痛苦轻,康复快,值得推广。     

Long-term results of standard procedures in urology: the ileal neobladder

Over the past 20 years orthotopic urinary reconstruction with the techniques developed at Ulm and Bern has become a widely accepted form of urinary diversion. So far, both centers together have performed more than 1,300 orthotopic bladder substitutions with an overall rate of neobladder formation in 58% of all cystectomized patients. Today, the absolute contraindications for this procedure are urinary stress incontinence, damaged rhabdosphincter, severely impaired renal and liver function, severe intestinal diseases or an oncologic situation requiring urethrectomy. In patients treated for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, the rate of urethral recurrence in both centers was 1.5 and 5%, respectively, and the rate of upper urinary tract recurrence was 2–3%. Local tumor recurrence usually did not affect neobladder function. The rate of outlet obstruction by local recurrence was 2%, that of gross hematuria 1%, and of entero-reservoir fistulas 1–2%. Daytime continence at 12 months was 92%, while nighttime continence was lower around 80%. Transient or permanent urinary retention was seen in 11–12% of male patients. In both series, long-term upper urinary tract safety was good. The risk of stenoses of the uretero-intestinal anastomosis with consecutive loss of renal function decreased with the introduction of non-refluxing implantation techniques. The rate of long-term metabolic complications remains low when adequate substitution with sodium bicarbonate is guaranteed in patients with impaired renal function. Patient selection and meticulous postoperative follow-up contributed to achieve good long-term results after cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder substitution of the two large series of patients from the Universities of Ulm and Bern.     

Long-term functional and oncological results after retroperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy according to a prospective evaluation of 550 patients

The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). From 2001 to 2005, 550 consecutive patients underwent a laparoscopic extraperitoneal prostatectomy in our department. Continence and erectile function were analysed prospectively by a self-administrated questionnaire. Mean operating time was 188 min, mean bladder catheterisation time 5.9 days, mean hospital stay 4.6 days Pathological stage was pT2 in 55.8%, pT3a in 29.6%, pT3b in 9.1% and pT4a in 5.4% tumours. Positive surgical margins were 17.9% for pT2, 44.8% for pT3 tumours and 71.4% for pT4a tumours. Five years survival without biochemical progression was 78.8%. After 24 months of follow-up, diurnal continence rate was 91%, and potency rate was 64% when both neurovascular bundles were preserved, 78.6% when the patients were younger than 60 years. LRP is now a standardised procedure. An extraperitoneal approach combines the advantages of a laparoscopic procedure with those of an extraperitoneal approach.     

Photodynamic endometrial ablation for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a preliminary report

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate feasibility and functional effects of photodynamic endometrial ablation (PEA) in patients. STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 15 PEAs has been performed in 11 patients using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solutions and a balloon-light diffuser (160 J/cm(2), 635 nm). Uterine bleeding intensity has been determined on a daily basis 3 months prior to and up to 6 months after endometrial ablation using an analogous scale scoring from 1 (spotting) to 6 U (severe bleeding). Statistical analysis by unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean number of bleeding units per cycle (n = 44) was 35.7 prior to PEA. The decrease in bleeding units was significant for the months 1-3 (24.4 U per cycle; P = 0.03), but not for the months 4-6 (25.9 U; P = 0.11) following PEA. CONCLUSIONS: PEA is feasible and provides a significant short-term reduction of uterine bleeding.