高原富氧对人体运动及静氧状态下血氧饱和度与心率的影响

目的：探讨富氧在高原军事医学中的应用价值。方法：在海拔3700m高原室内充氧，使氧浓度提高到24．0％-25．0％。l0名受试者在富氧室睡眠12h，检测富氧前，富氧2，11h及富氧后2h静息状态下和运动中的氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation，SaO2)和心率。结果：入富氧室2h[(95．5&;#177;0．9)％]和11h[(95．1&;#177;1．9)％]SaO2差异有显著性意义(t=5．446，4．124，P&;lt;0．01)，心率[(70．21&;#177;1．3)次／min，(64．5&;#177;5．1)次／min]降低(t值分别为3．652和5．612，P&;lt;0．01)。脱离富氧后2hSaO2[(92．3&;#177;2．0)％]接近富氧前水平。富氧后踏车运动中平均SaO2[(85．8-I-2．0)％]较富氧前增高(t=3．642，P&;lt;0.01)，平均心率[(129．0&;#177;11．0)次／min]降低(t=2．182，P&;lt;0．05)。结论：富氧环境下12h对改善高原缺氧和机体能量储备有一定作用。     

不同氧流量对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心率及动脉血氧饱和度的影响

目的评估氧气雾化吸入疗法中不同氧流量对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者雾化吸入前后心率及动脉血氧饱和度变化的影响。方法对32例采取氧气雾化吸入疗法的COPD患者,分别选择氧流量为4、5、6、7、8L/min,观察患者雾化吸入前后心率及动脉血氧饱和度变化的情况,并进行统计学处理。结果氧流量为4～6L/min时,雾化前后患者心率变化较小,差异无统计学意义。氧流量为7～8L/min时,雾化前后患者的心率变化较大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。但是无论氧流量大小,雾化后患者的动脉血氧饱和度均增加,与雾化前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在COPD患者进行氧气雾化疗法时,为达到最佳的雾化效果,建议采用氧流量在5～6L/min。     

胆囊手术垫高度对患者心率血压血氧饱和度的影响

随机将100例行胆囊切除及胆总管探查手术的病人分为2组,对照组采用水平仰卧位;观察组加用不同高度的胆囊垫,结果显示:观察组胆囊垫升高4、6cm时心率、平均动脉压及血氧饱和度的变化与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),升高8cm时病人心率明显增快,平均动脉压及血氧饱和度下降,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).胆囊垫达12cm时,上述改变更为明显,与对照组相比差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01).研究结果说明,胆囊手术中加垫高度不能超过7cm,以4～6cm为宜.     

纤维支气管镜检查对患者血氧饱和度、血压和心率的影响

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜检查对患血氧饱和度（SaO2)、血压和心率的影响。方法 随机选择31例行纤维支气管镜检查患,应用无创伤性血氧饱和度监护仪和袖带式血压计于纤支检查前15min、检查中及检查结束后5min、10min监测SaO2、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）及HR,记录并存储结果。结果 与检查前相比,检查中的SaO2、SBP、HR均有显性变化（P＜0．05）;DBP无显性变化（P＞0．05）。检查结束后5min的SaO2仍未恢复检查前水平,检查结束后10min SaO2恢复正常;检查结束后5min的SBP、HR、DBP已恢复正常。结论 在纤维支气管镜检查过程中患可能出现SaO2的下降,SBP升高和HR加快。建议检查中和检查后应给氧,且至少应在检查后密切观察相关指标10min,以及时发现异常,减少并发症的发生。     

太极拳运动对陈家沟居民静息心率及心电影响研究

目的 本研究针对太极拳发源地陈家沟常驻居民调查研究,明确长期习练太极拳对静息心率及其他心电指标的影响。方法 本研究团队于2018年9月至2019年3月对陈家沟常驻居民进行入户登记调查,共有1 937人参与这项研究,并统一组织于当地县医院体检。应用倾向性评分法纳入从未练拳及长期坚持练拳居民(心电资料完整),比较两组居民间静息心率、PR间期、QRS间期及QT离散度情况,明确长期习练太极拳对其影响。并进一步根据纳入居民的年龄段,分为青年组(18～35岁)、中年组(36～59岁)及老年组(60岁以上),观察习练太极拳对不同年龄段居民的静息心率及心电影响。结果 本研究共纳入561例居民,其中从未练拳组282例;坚持练拳组279例。两组间年龄、性别、合并心血管相关疾病、体质指数(BMI)等基线特点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经统计学分析发现与从未习练太极拳相比,坚持习练太极拳组中平均静息心率、QRS间期及校正后的QT离散度均显著改善,差异有统计学意义;将纳入的居民根据不同年龄段分组后,结果发现青年组、中年组及老年组中坚持习练太极拳的居民静息心率及QRS间期均显著改善;青年组及中年组...     

开放式吸痰中应用循证护理对早产儿心率及血氧饱和度的影响

目的 探讨开放式吸痰应用循证护理对早产儿心率及血氧饱和度的影响.方法 选取2011年1月～2012年12月NICU收治行呼吸机通气的早产儿50例为研究对象.患儿在机械通气期间均进行开放式吸痰.随机将患者分为观察组及对照组,每组各25例.对照组患儿实施常规性吸痰操作护理,观察组患儿在对照组的基础上应用循证护理.观察两组患儿血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)以及呼吸机肺炎发生率及住院时间的差异.结果 与对照组患者相比,观察组患者血氧饱和度及心律变化异常的发生率较高,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05),与对照组相比,观察组患儿呼吸机肺炎发生率以及不良反应发生率显著降低,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).观察组患儿平均住院时间为(8.5±2.5)d,对照组患儿平均住院时间为(14.5±3.8)d,两组患儿平均住院时间比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 对行开放式吸痰操作的患儿应用循证护理,能有效维持患儿SpO2以及HR的水平,降低患儿呼吸机肺炎发生率,缩短患儿住院时间,有利于患儿预后.     

二氧化碳气腹压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响及对策

目的观察不同压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响.方法将腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者40例随机分为A组(气腹压力为1.3～1.9 kPa),B组(气腹压力为2.0～2.5 kPa).结果B组气腹后20分钟各参数变化明显,与A组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术时,在一定范围内心率、平均动脉压和血氧饱和度的变化程度与二氧化碳气腹压成正比,术中适宜的气腹压力为1.3～1.9 kPa,并加强术中监测,及时调节气腹压力,必要时解除气腹.     

指甲油颜色对脉搏血氧饱和度监测的影响

目的　探讨不同颜色指甲油对脉搏血氧饱和度 (SpO2 )监测数值的影响。方法　对 30例志愿者进行自身对照 ,每位志愿者分别涂有 4种不同颜色的指甲油 ,与不涂指甲油的空白手指进行比较 ,观察吸空气和吸氧气时不同颜色指甲油对SpO2 监测数值的影响。结果　吸空气和吸氧气时 ,蓝色指甲油对SpO2 监测有显著影响 (与空白组对照 ) ,P <0 .0 1。结论　无论患者吸氧与否 ,蓝色指甲油都会影响SpO2 监测的数值。为减少临床测量误差 ,吸氧时应去除指甲油 ,或者将探头侧夹 ,以保证监测的准确性     

二氧化碳气腹压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响及对策

目的 观察不同压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响。方法 将腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者40例随机分为A组（气腹压力为1.3-1.9kPa),B组（气腹压力为2.0-2.5kPa)。结果 B组气腹后20分钟各参数变化明显,与A组比较有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术时,在一定范围内心率、平均动脉压和血氧饱和度的变化程度与二氧化碳气腹压成正比,术中适宜的气腹压力为1.3-1.9kPa,并加强术中监测,及时调节气腹压力,必要时解除气腹。     

Effects of cage enrichment on heart rate, blood pressure, and activity of female Sprague-Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats at rest and after acute challenges

Here we sought to determine whether a nonsocial cage enrichment program, identical to one we previously used with male rats, was effective in reducing heart rate or systolic blood pressure (SBP) in female Sprague-Dawley rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Young adult rats, each instrumented with a radiotelemetry pressure transmitter, were housed individually under enriched or nonenriched conditions. Heart rate and SBP were monitored at 5- and 1-min intervals, respectively, when the rats were undisturbed or after several different types of experimental manipulations some of which are considered stressful. Cage enrichment did not significantly alter heart rate or SBP of undisturbed rats in either strain at any time during the day or night. However, activity of female SHR was increased in the afternoon and at night under enriched conditions compared with nonenriched conditions. The enrichment program did not significantly reduce heart rate or SBP responses to most acute manipulations in either strain. However, cage enrichment increased the responses to some procedures (Sprague-Dawley: handling, 1-h restraint; SHR: subcutaneous injection, tail-vein injection, handling). We conclude that a nonsocial cage enrichment program did not reduce physiologic indicators of stress in female Sprague-Dawley rats or SHR.     

Relationship between arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate variability at high altitudes

Autonomic nervous systems have important roles for survival of victims under hypobaric hypoxic condition. In the present study, we assessed the correlation between arterial oxygen saturation (Sp O 2 ) and heart rate variability (HRV) to identify the autonomic nervous responsiveness among trekkers at high altitude (n = 21). HRV was analyzed by the maximum entropy method. Sp O 2 among subjects at 3456 m (495 mm Hg) was 80% +/- 5% (mean +/- SD; range, 69%-93%). Sp O 2 and percentile entropy, and Sp O 2 and low-frequency variability, had positive correlation ( r = 0.455 and 0.518, respectively). Sp O 2 value among subjects with mountain sickness symptoms was not different from that among subjects without the symptoms. In conclusion, autonomic responses among high-altitude trekkers may be blunted under hypobaric hypoxic conditions. Deterioration of autonomic function measured by HRV might be more sensitive to hypoxia than clinical symptoms at high altitudes.     

Effects of a developmental physical therapy program on oxygen saturation and heart rate in preterm infants

To evaluate the physiologic responses of 14 preterm infants to physical therapy, pulse oximetry was used to measure the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rate during baseline, intervention, and recovery phases. Treatment consisted of six one-minute activities that were equally divided between the side-lying and supported-sitting positions. The order of position and activities was randomly varied. A one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed no significant changes in mean SaO2 as a function of the position or duration of intervention. Mean heart rate increased significantly as a result of intervention (p less than .0001), but there was no significant difference between the baseline and recovery phases. Further analysis indicated that the change in heart rate was not a function of duration of intervention. The results indicate that the preterm infants were able to tolerate the intervention without desaturation. The return of heart rate to baseline values during the recovery phase suggested a normal physiologic response to exercise. Despite some technical limitations, pulse oximetry is recommended to monitor preterm infants during physical therapy.     

The effects of positional restraint on heart rate and oxygen saturation.

To study the effects of positional restraint on heart rate and oxygen saturation during recovery, a crossover experimental design with prospective control trials was used in a two-phase study. In phase 1, serial resting oxygen saturations (RO1) measured on 18 volunteers were compared with those measured in the seated unrestrained (SU1) and the hogtie (HT) positions after submaximal cycle exercise. Additionally, serial heart rates were compared postexercise on subjects in the SU1 and HT positions. In phase 2, resting oxygen saturations (RO2) were compared with those measured in the seated unrestrained (SU2) position and an alternate maximal restraint (MR) position after a simulated pursuit and struggle scenario. No statistical differences were found between SU1 and HT recovery heart rates in phase 1. Small oxygen saturation differences (1%) were found in both phase 1 and phase 2 between resting (RO1 and RO2) positions and those measured in the seated unrestrained (SUI), hogtie (HT), and maximal restraint (MR) positions. Oxygen saturations taken during a 5-min period in each of the three situations in phase 1 (RO1, SU1, and HT) were averaged, yielding 97.8, 98.0, and 97.6%, respectively. In phase 2, mean oxygen saturations were 98.0, 97.4, and 96.8% for RO2, SU2, and MR, respectively. In our study population, the use of hogtie and an alternate maximal restraint method did not result in any clinical restrictions in heart rate or oxygen saturation recoveries.     

Non-contact estimation of heart rate and oxygen saturation using ambient light

We propose a robust method for automated computation of heart rate (HR) from digital color video recordings of the human face. In order to extract photoplethysmographic signals, two orthogonal vectors of RGB color space are used. We used a dual tree complex wavelet transform based denoising algorithm to reduce artifacts (e.g. artificial lighting, movement, etc.). Most of the previous work on skin color based HR estimation performed experiments with healthy volunteers and focused to solve motion artifacts. In addition to healthy volunteers we performed experiments with child patients in pediatric intensive care units. In order to investigate the possible factors that affect the non-contact HR monitoring in a clinical environment, we studied the relation between hemoglobin levels and HR estimation errors. Low hemoglobin causes underestimation of HR. Nevertheless, we conclude that our method can provide acceptable accuracy to estimate mean HR of patients in a clinical environment, where the measurements can be performed remotely. In addition to mean heart rate estimation, we performed experiments to estimate oxygen saturation. We observed strong correlations between our SpO2 estimations and the commercial oximeter readingsOCIS codes: (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging, (100.7410) Wavelets, (100.2960) Image analysis     

Effects of mental state on heart rate and blood pressure variability in men and women

Summary. The effect of different mental states on autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system was assessed in healthy, normotensive men (n=18) and women (n=12). Heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) and arterial baroreflex function were assessed during 4 tests at rest ((10 min+5 min recovery)×4):

• 1 Control (spontaneous breathing, (SB)
• 2 Mental distraction (SB+word puzzle)
• 3 Conscious control of breathing (paced at SB rate) and
• 4 Mental stress (SB+computer quiz).

There were no significant gender differences in the responses to the interventions in terms of arterial (spontaneous) baroreflex (SPBX) control of HR, and indices of time and frequency domains of HRV and BPV, with the exception of the sympathetic indicator of HRV (low frequency power/total power; P<0.01) which was lower in women during control and mental stress tests. Conscious control of breathing at SB did not alter HRV, BPV or SPBX in either men or women. Mental distraction and mental stress led to decreases in indices of time and frequency domains of HRV and BPV in all subjects, as well as increases in HR during distraction and in systolic BP during stress. These findings suggest that in studies of cardiovascular control:

• 1 Paced breathing at SB can be used for individuals with irregular breathing patterns
• 2 The extent of mental stress achieved is intervention-specific and for the most part, independent of gender and
• 3 Resting assessment of HRV, BPV and SPBX can be made by having subjects sit quietly without interventions in a controlled laboratory setting.

     

Enhanced sympathetic nervous activity after intravenous propranolol in ischaemic heart disease: plasma noradrenaline splanchnic blood flow and mixed venous oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise

To study the mechanisms by which acute beta-adrenergic blockade may change the activity of the sympathetic nervous system we have measured haemodynamic responses including splanchnic blood flow in twenty-three patients with ischaemic heart disease at rest and during supine exercise before and after i.v. injection of 0.039 mmol (10 mg) dl-propranolol. After propranolol both at rest and on exercise blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate decreased, while splanchnic vascular resistance increased; mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased whilst arterial oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake were unchanged. Plasma noradrenaline increased after propranolol, values correlating with mixed venous oxygen saturation and splanchnic vascular resistance, both at rest and during exercise before and after propranolol, only at rest was there any correlation with arterial blood pressure. The increase in sympathetic nervous activity after propranolol may be due to a reduction in cardiac output and thereby alteration of the metabolic state (oxygen or related factors) in tissues. Afferent neural signals from the tissues may play a significant role in the regulation of sympathetic nervous activity.     

Acute resistance exercise with blood flow restriction effects on heart rate,double product,oxygen saturation and perceived exertion

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on heart rate (HR), double product (DP), oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty‐four men (21·79 ± 3·21 years) performed three experimental protocols in a random order (crossover): (i) high‐intensity RE at 80% of 1RM (HI), (ii) low‐intensity RE at 20% of 1RM (LI) and (iii) low‐intensity RE at 20% of 1RM combined with partial blood flow restriction (LI+BFR). HR, blood pressure, SpO₂ and RPE were assessed. The data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon test for RPE. The results indicated that all protocols significantly increased HR, both immediately postexercise and during the subsequent 60 min (P<0·05), and postexercise DP (P<0·05), but there were no differences between protocols. The protocols of LI and LI+BFR reduced postexercise SpO₂ (P = 0·033, P = 0·007), and the LI+BFR protocol presented a perception of greater exertion in the lower limbs compared with HI (P = 0·022). We conclude that RE performed at low intensity combined with BFR seems to reduce the SpO₂ after exercise and increase HR and DP while maintaining a perception of greater exertion on the lower limbs.     

A preliminary study of bottom care effects on premature infants' heart rate and oxygen saturation

The purposes of this study were to explore (1) the effect of buttock care (BC) on premature infant heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and (2) the effect of buttock lifting angle during BCs on HR and SpO(2). The study used a repeated measure design. A convenience sample of 11 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a medical center were studied during 30 BC events. The subjects were of a gestational age of less than and 37 weeks, and postnatal age of less than one month, without known congenital abnormalities and without having been treated with sedatives during the study. Infant HR and SpO(2) were measured at a 30-second interval 10 minutes before and during, and 15 minutes after BC. Maximal lifting angles of BCs during the procedure were recorded. Based on the infant's individual responses to BC, 63.3% of BCs induced an increase in HR and a decrease in SpO(2), defined as the change in HR and SpO(2) greater than two standard deviations from the baseline. In addition, 30% of BCs resulted in cardiac decelerations. The extent of the difference found in these change patterns in HR or SpO(2) were all significant (p <.01) and their mean recovery times were longer than 10 minutes. More HR acceleration events occurred as the BC lifting angle exceeded 30 degrees (p =.035).Buttock care can have a significant impact on premature infant physiological stability. The BC lifting angle may play an important role in HR acceleration or deceleration. Careful observation before and after BC for premature infants is recommended.     

The effects of the shallow and the deep endotracheal suctioning on oxygen saturation and heart rate in high-risk infants

An experimental study involving repeated-measures within subjects was conducted to examine the effects of shallow and deep endotracheal suctioning (ETS) on the SpO(2) and HR in 27 ventilated high-risks infants. The order in which subjects received the ETS protocol was randomly assigned. The results showed no significant changes in both the SpO(2) and HR responses before, during and after ETS between the two ETS protocols. It is concluded that when there is no beneficial effect of performing deep ETS, it should not be carried out due to the potential hazard of direct irritation with more negative pressure on the airways in high-risk infants.